US455984A

US455984A - piske

Info

Publication number: US455984A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1891-07-14
Anticipated expiration: 1908-07-14

Description

(No Model.) 4 sheets-sneer, 1'.

H. Gr.' PISKE.

MAGNETIC SBPARATOR.

110.455,984. Patented J111y14, 1891.

. ll n u.

we Name rsrans co., muwumo.. WASHING-reu, n. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet. 2,

H. G. ISKB. MAGNETIC SEPARATOVR.

N0.455,984. Patented July 14, 1891.

llllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllllll Illllll'llfllm we uunms Pneus co., manrumo., wnnmamn, n, c,

(No Modaal.) sheetssmet s.-

- H. G. FISKE. 4

MAGNETIC SBPARATOR.

No. 455,984.- Paten-ned July 14, 189.1;

(No Model.)

H. G. FISKB. MAGNETIC SBPARATR.

No. 455,984. Patented July 14,1891,l

` UNITED STATES HENRY e. nisnn, or NEW YORK, N. Y., AssieNoR To JOHN D. onnnvnn, on SAMEv PLACE.

PATENT `rnicn.,

MAGNETIC SEPARATOR.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,984, dated July 14, 1891. Application led March 26, 1891.l `Serial No. 386,527'. (N o model.)

.ing specification.

` This invention has reference to the construction of magnetic separators; and its general objects are to produce an apparatus of simple and economical form operating in such manner as to utilize the force of the magnetic field to the best advantage and to obtain from the gangue a maximum quantity of concentrates.

The invention contemplates the feeding of the gangue through or across the magnetic field in a film or stream of` regulated thick-- ness, so that the best conditions are presented for separating all the magnetic particles fromthe tailings. It contemplates, further, the utilization of the entire surface of the magnet by feeding the mass of ore from the center toward the circumference thereof, which arrangement has the additional advantage that the layer or film of ore decreases in thickness toward the extremity of the magnetic field, so that the magnets have a better opportunity to sort out the magnetic particles and produce a high grade of concentrates. The mass is fed across the magnetic field by means which leave it practically unsupported, so that the disengaged -tailin gs are free to drop at once into the receptacle provided for them.

In the apparatus herein described the mass of ore or other materials to be graded is delivered by a feed-pipe through the center of the magnetic field and then spread out laterally by centrifugal force. Thus a comparatively small portion of the mass traverses the entire field, whereas in most of the separators now in general use the entire body of Igangue crosses the field, andthe presence of the large vquantity of non-magnetic particles, which constitutes the bulk of the mass, makes it difncult to obtain such a large proportion of concentrates as to render the operation commercially profitable. By means of the present invention it is possible to operate successfully with very low grade ores.

For feeding the gangue across the magnetic iield I employ a disk, shield, or septum rotat.

ing at high speed, this device being arranged close to the poles of the magnet and having 'little thickness, so that the particles of the -mass can approach very close to the poles.

The shield is made of non-magnetic material and extends entirely across and beyond the ,edge of the magnets. In conjunction with this shield I employ a deflector for spreading the mass uniformly in every direction. The

y,deflector may be stationary. It is preferred,

however, to rotate it at a lower speed than :the-shield or septum. Adjusting means are provided, so that the thickness of the space ,between the shield and defiector can be regulated.

Y The invention includes a peculiar arrange` lment of air-passages, whereby a current of air is caused to pass through the concentrates in a direction opposite to their motion,carry 'ing off the dust eliminated therefrom through a separate duct. When the air-current passes through the entire mass of gangue its energy 1s largely wasted, there being no object in separating the fine dust from the tailings.

Vhen the exhaust-fan is connected with the duct which carries the tailings, the fan is quickly damaged oli-destroyed by the hard particles which are drawn through it. Both these difficulties arevavoided by the arrangement herein described. A

The invention further includes improvements in the magnets designed to adapt them to act more efficiently. The ore inpassing across the field adheres together in small lumps, in which non-magnetic particles are carried along with the iron. In order to disintegrate these lumps, I make the poles of the magnets hollow or concave at the ends, thus forming in the center a practically neutral point or line, and increasing proportionally the .density of the field at the edges of the poles. Consequently `when the small knots or lumps reach the neutral point-they break up and the particles forming them scatter in different directions, thereby releasing the non-magnetic pieces,which .fall into their proper receptacle,

` The invention includes, in addition to the leading features indicated above, other details, special arrangements, and combinations of parts, as will be fully described in connection with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an apparatus embodying the principle of the invention.

Figure I is a vertical central section; Fig..`

As shown in Fig. I, the magnets" are in the` form of concentric cylinders or tubes d d d2, so wound that their lower ends form poles-al# ternatingin polarity. Within' the inner' cylinder disasleeve a., preferably-'of brass, which is fastened by screws a tothe top-plate of the magnet. This-sleeve forms abearing for lthe tubular shaft b, to which is Vatta'ched at the upper end a band-pulley c, and? ca'rriesat its lower end the shield` or septum E. The

latter extends across the entire face-of the' magnet and in close proximity to the poles. Within the shaft` b is the feed-pipeF, suitably supported from above, and which delivers the mass to be treated through a central opening in shield F'upon the top of th'e'conical deflector G, which is carried by thev upright spindle g. Pulley c is detachably secured to its shaft, as by a set-screw, so that the septum E can be adjusted vertically. The driving-pulley is similarly attachedto spindle g, and rests upona bushing-h, so that the deflector G can also be adjusted vertically. By these adjustments' thethicknessofy the stream of material may be regulated asdesired. f

The several discharge passages'or ductsfor carrying away the materialsA of different grades are formed by a series of concentric casings, which may be made of sheet metal. The inner passage I is for the tailings orI materials of lowest grade. The passage Kis for the intermediates or lean ores and passage L for the concentrates. The inner casing c' flares outwardly at its upper end and has' a horizontal annular portion t', terminatingin a downwardly-projecting flange, whicheverhangsthe chute K. y between the casingsz' and j. Casing'k, which separates the concentrates from the intermediates, has at its upper edge a verticalgadjustable rung M. The object off this" adjustment is to enable the partition separating these two grades to be varied according tev the resultsdesired and the materials treated, and also to compensate for wear caused bythe abrasion of the hard particles upon thev edge of this partition.

The air-duct .Tis formed1 The space above the ducts between the magnets and frame is closed by a top piece N. The outer casing Z extends beyond this top piece, so that air can freely enter the passage L and pass under the ring n, upon which the piece N is supported. The several casings are contracted downwardly, so as to ocjcupy less space, and at their lower ends are connected with pipes, which are lettered to correspond with the several channels. The fchannels L, K, and J branch to two pipes, vwhile the channel I terminates in a single one. i

In* operation the shield E rotates at a high `velocity-say live hundred revolutions per Vminute, more or less. ,Gr is rotated in the same direction, but at a E much lower speed. As the mass of ore strikes fthe deiiector' it is spread out laterally into a isheet'andv urged `by centrifugal force across the magneticiield; When this stream reaches ithe edge ofthe deflect'or, a great portion ot' tlie' non-magnetic particles at once'drops out ,of the mass into channel I and a compara-- tivel'y small part of the entire mass continu es iacross the field. This separation at the very point of entrance into the magnetic field is ian important feature of the invention.

magnetism of the ield, cling to shield E landl are constantly urged toward the edge thereof by centrifugal action. d is of opposite'polarity to pole d, the maggnetic particles tend' to turn over, and thus 1free themselves to some extent from the nonmagnetic particles clingingthereto, the latter vfalling on the horizont-al plate i. As shown, ythe'pole d is made concave for the purpose `of increasing the intensity of the magnetism fat' the edges and weakening it at the center, as already vset forth. rlhis construction is `preferably adopted for all the poles. When the sheet of ore, which increases in richness' anddecreases in thicknessv as it leaves the centerI of the field, approaches the edge ofl the shield, it encounters the air-current coming in the opposite direction and is freed thereby from muchof the tine dust carried with it. The current passes down the duct J, to the endof which the exhaust-fan is connected; It will thus be seen that the action of'theair is conined'to the richer parts of the mass, so that its energy is not wasted in sifting dust out ofthe tailings, and, further, that the fan draws through -it only the comparatively small quantity of dust which isn eliminated from the concentrates. The intermediatesor second'grade' products will fall in'to the chute orA channel K', while the *concentrateswill be The conical. deflector.

The Imagnetic particles, being attracted by the As the pole IOO IOS

IIO

thrown with more or less violence against I have shown but three coresA or rings com-V prising the field-magnets; butobviously the number may be increased. Vhen the poles of the held-magnets are formed, as in Fig. I, of continuous rings, there are presented lines of great resistance to the feed of the ore, tending to arrest the outward motion thereof. For this reason I prefer to break the continuity of the poles, thus providing, as it were, openings or passages of little resistance through the lield. This may be accomplished,

as represented in the diagram Fig.v IV, by

substituting a series of small cylindrical cores for each ring or tubular core, these small cores being disposed at suitable distances apart in

concentric rings

1, 2, and 3. The cores of the several series are made of dierent sizes, the outer series being of the largest size. In this arrangement adjacent poles of the same series are of opposite polarity, `as indicated by the letters N S, so that the magnetic particles shift or turn over as the septum carries them past successive poles. For the purpose of making a neutral point at the center of each pole, from which the particles of a lump will tend to scatter in radial lines, the cores of these magnets may be`made hollow. Those marked d3 are so shown in the drawings. It is preferred to surround the magnetic field by a continuous magnetic ring, as indicated.

Vhen the septum is shaped as shown in Fig. I, therek is a great increment of velocity as the'particles pass toward the outer limit of the field. On this account I prefer the conoidal or bell shaped septum E', (shown in Fig. VIL) whose angular velocity increases toward the outer edge at a much smaller ratio than is the case with a practically iiat shield. Another advantage of this arrangement is that it increases the area of the magnetic field, which is measured along the outer surface of the septum,` instead of in a practically horizontal line across it from edge to edge. Fig. VII also shows the arrangement of a pocket q at the point where the ore is thrown off the shield. The accumulation of ore in this pocket protects the casing from wear, and similar pockets may be located at other exposed points.

It is desirable to provide means for preventing the clogging of the passage between septum E and deiiector G. Such means are shown in FigsV and VI, and consist of aseries of ribs or clearers p, extending from the edge of the central opening in the shield toward its outer edge. As the shield and deector move at different speeds, these ribs prevent the clogging of the space between the two without impeding themotion of the stream of ore across the field.

It will be obvious to persons skilled in the art to which the invention relates that modifications other than those described herein could be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and that some of the improvements herein set forth could, if desired, be used without the others.

`netic particles across the eld on the under side of the magnets, substantially as described.

2. In a magnetic separator, the combination, with the stationary field-magnets, of a pipe for delivering the materials to be treated at about the center of the field, and a rotatory septum or shield covering the poles of the magnets and adapted to spread. and feed the materials across the field by centrifugal force, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with the iieldmagnets, of a delivery-pipe passing through the'same, a rotatory septum covering the poles on the under side of the magnets and having an orice for the passage of the ores or other materials, and a series of ducts or channels beneath -the septum for receiving the graded products, substantially as described.

4C. The combinatiomwith field-magnets having downwardly-projecting poles, of a rotatory septum in close proximity to said poles, a deflector beneath said septum, means for delivering ores or other materials between the septum and detlector, and ducts or channels for receiving the graded products, substantially as described.

5. The combination of the held-magnets and means for feeding a stream of ore or other materials acrossthe magnetic field, airinlets for taking air near the extremity of the magnetic eld and passing the same through the concentrates, air-forcing` means communicating with said inlets, and a separate duct for diverting the air-current from the angue or mass of mixed materials, as set fort 6. The combination of the stationary magnets, the rotatory septum beneath the same, the feed-pipe, the conical detlector beneath the septum and opposite the discharge-orifice of the feed-pipe, and means for rotating the detlector, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the magnets, the r0- tatory septum beneath the same, means for adjusting the septum with 'reference to the poles of the magnets, and the deflector beneath' the septum, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with the magnets, the feed-pipe, and the rotatory septum, of the delector supported on a shaft and adjustable toward and away from said septum, substantially as described.

IOO

ITO

9. The combination of the magnets, the rotatory septum, and the deflector beneath said septum, the latter being provided with ribs or clearers, substantially as and for the purposes described.

10. The combination of the magnets with downwardly -projecting poles, the septum adapted to rotate in proximity to said poles, the feed-pipe for delivering the gangue at the center of the field, and a series of concentric casings beneath the septum forming channels or ducts for receiving the graded products, substantially as described.

11. The combination of the stationary inagnets having poles arranged in series around the center of the field, a feed-pipe for delivering the gangue within the inner series, and a rotatory 'septum for urging the mass across thefield by centrifugal force, adjacent poles which successively act onthe particles of the mass being ot opposite polarity, substantially as described.

12. The combination of the magnets having cores and poles arranged in concentric series, the rotatoryseptum, and means for delivering gangue Within the inner series of poles to be spread by centrifugal action across the magnetic field, the poles of each series being separated or discontinuous, so as to form paths of lowmagneticintensity through the field, substantially as described.`

13. In a magnetic separator, a field-magnet composed of cores arranged in rows or series With suitable spaces between adjacent cores of each series, such adjacent cores being of opposite polarity, in combination with means for feeding a stream of ore across the field, substantially as described.

14. Aeid-magnet composed of cores and poles arranged in concentric rows, adjacent poles of the same row being separated by a suitable space and being of opposite polarity, in combination with a rotatory septum and with a pipe fordeliverin g gangue against said ing witnesses.

septum within the inner row of poles, substantially as described.

15. A field-magnet composed 0E cores and poles arranged in a concentric series, the mass of the outer series of cores being greater than those Within, in combination with a rotatory septum and a feed-pipe discharging within Lthe inner ring or row, substantially as described'. p

16. In a magnetic separator, a field-magnet "having its polar extremities hollowed out or recessed to form a point or line of minimum .strength for the purpose specified, in combifnation with means for feeding a stream of materials across the face of the pole, substangtially as described.

17. The combination of the flaring or bellsha'ped septum, the feed-pipe for delivering ore inside the same, the field-magnets having their poles arranged in close proximity to said septum, and means for rotating the latter, fsubstantially as'described.

1S. The combination, with the rotatory septum and magnets above the same, of a series .of channels formed by casings, one within HENRY G. FISKE. WVitnesses:

PHILIP MAURO,

J ONA. B. CILLEY.