US455187A - George erlwein - Google Patents
George erlwein Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US455187A US455187A US455187DA US455187A US 455187 A US455187 A US 455187A US 455187D A US455187D A US 455187DA US 455187 A US455187 A US 455187A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- erlwein
- george
- boron
- compounds
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroborane Chemical compound ClB(Cl)Cl FAQYAMRNWDIXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/28—Deposition of only one other non-metal element
Definitions
- My invention relates to filaments for incandescent lights; and it consists in providing filaments, preferably the ordinary carbon filaments, with a solid coating which does not melt at the temperature of the incandescent filament and protects the core of the filament against atomization or dispersion.
- Nitrides of silicon and boron which remain stable at the highest temperatures, prove specially suited for this purpose, and, furthermore, since an incandescent body provided with such a coating neither loses nitrogen nor absorbs oxygen it may be made to glow even in a .room filled with air. 7
- the required heat is best obtained by passing the electric current through the carbon filament.
- the boron compounds in contact with the filament are reduced by the heat and form with the nitrogen of the ammonia solid nitrides of boron, which are deposited nearly uniformly over the surface of the carbon filament, forming a refractory and efficient coating therefor.
- the figure represents an electric glow-lamp, showing one form of filament which may be adopted in my invention.
- a glow body consisting of a carbon filament for a core, and a coating'of nitrides of boron incasing the core, substantially as described.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
(NoModeL) G. ERLWEIN.
PILAMENT FOR INGANDESGENT ELECTRIC LAMPS.
No. 455,187. Patented June 30,1891.
7i)??? 6666 Z7706 112" M 61W @4 9 W UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE ERLWEIN, BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS & HALSKE,
OF SAME PLACE.
FILAMENT FOR INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS.
SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 455,187, dated June 30, 1891. Application filed February 18, 1891. Serial No. 381,953. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, GEORGE ERLWEIN, doctor of philosophy, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of Germany, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Filaments for Electric Glow-Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will en able others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to filaments for incandescent lights; and it consists in providing filaments, preferably the ordinary carbon filaments, with a solid coating which does not melt at the temperature of the incandescent filament and protects the core of the filament against atomization or dispersion.
Nitrides of silicon and boron, which remain stable at the highest temperatures, prove specially suited for this purpose, and, furthermore, since an incandescent body provided with such a coating neither loses nitrogen nor absorbs oxygen it may be made to glow even in a .room filled with air. 7
Since nitrides of silicon and boron arevery similar in their preparation and use, I shall describe the use of boron compounds, considering like silicon compounds as equivalents.
Various processes for the production and deposit of these compounds are Well known to chemists; but I prefer to soak the carbon filaments in easily-reducible compounds of boron free of oxygen and in double Salts, preferably haloid ammonia double salts, also free of oxygen, and then to gradually heat 7 the filament up to a red heat in the presence of volatile nitrogen compounds, preferably ammonia, free of oxygen.
The required heat is best obtained by passing the electric current through the carbon filament. The boron compounds in contact with the filament are reduced by the heat and form with the nitrogen of the ammonia solid nitrides of boron, which are deposited nearly uniformly over the surface of the carbon filament, forming a refractory and efficient coating therefor.
The figure represents an electric glow-lamp, showing one form of filament which may be adopted in my invention.
What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. In incandescent electric lamps, a glow body consisting of a carbon filament for a core, and a coating'of nitrides of boron incasing the core, substantially as described.
2. The process of preparing a filament for incandescent electric lamps by soaking the said filament in liquid boron compounds and in treating it at a higher temperature in a reducing atmosphere containing nitrogen, substantially as described.
3. The process of preparing a filament for incandescent electric lamps by soaking the said filament in liquid easily-reducible boron compounds and double salts free of oxygen, and in then gradually heating up to a red heat in an atmosphere of ammonia or other nitrogen compound free of oxygen, substantially as described.
4. The process of preparing a filament for incandescent electric lamps by soaking the said filament in boric chloride and in then gradually heating up to a red heat in' an atmosphere of ammonia, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof Iaffix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
GEORGE ERLWEIN. Witnesses:
WILHELM SCHULTZ, MAX WAGNER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US455187A true US455187A (en) | 1891-06-30 |
Family
ID=2524065
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US455187D Expired - Lifetime US455187A (en) | George erlwein |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US455187A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131089A (en) * | 1961-01-25 | 1964-04-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Carbon article coated with boron carbide and boron nitride, and process of making the same |
| US3212926A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1965-10-19 | Gen Electric | High strength fibers |
| US3297470A (en) * | 1965-10-13 | 1967-01-10 | Gen Precision Inc | Method of lubricating vitreous fibres |
| US3351484A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-11-07 | Hitco | Carbon fibers and method |
| US3508977A (en) * | 1967-01-11 | 1970-04-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing metal borides on the surface of metals |
-
0
- US US455187D patent/US455187A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3131089A (en) * | 1961-01-25 | 1964-04-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Carbon article coated with boron carbide and boron nitride, and process of making the same |
| US3212926A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1965-10-19 | Gen Electric | High strength fibers |
| US3351484A (en) * | 1963-11-14 | 1967-11-07 | Hitco | Carbon fibers and method |
| US3297470A (en) * | 1965-10-13 | 1967-01-10 | Gen Precision Inc | Method of lubricating vitreous fibres |
| US3508977A (en) * | 1967-01-11 | 1970-04-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing metal borides on the surface of metals |
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