US453335A - Hydrocarbon-burner - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

I. E. BLAKE & H. RAUOHFUSS.

HYDROGARBON BURNER.

Patented June 2,

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC E. BLAKE AND HERMAN RAUCHFUSS, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

HYDROCARBQN-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,335, dated June 2, 1891. Application filed April 17, 1890. Serial No. 348,300. (No model.)

To all whom it Hwy concern.-

Be it known that we, IsAAO E. BLAKE and HERMAN RAUOHFUSS, citizens of the United States, residing at Denver, county of Arapahoe, and State of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon Illuminating Burners, which are fully set forth in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

Figure 1 isa side elevation of ourimproved burner. Fig. 2 is a vertical axial section through the line 2 2 on Fig. 3, said Fig. 3 being a plan with the shield removed. Fig. 4 is a section at 4 4 on Fig. 1.

This application is for an invention related to another invention for which our joint application, Serial No. $48,301, is filed simultaneously herewith, and we do not design in this application to claim specifically anything which is shown in the other application above named.

This invention is designed to facilitate the use of hydrocarbon oils for illumination, and is adapted for use With the lighter and more volatile oils-such as naphtha or gasoline which vaporize at a moderate heat.

It consists in improved devices whereby a minimum flame is maintained and protected from extinguishment and converted into a maximum flame when desired. The devices employed are designed also to make the maximum flame consist of radiating jets rather than a continuous integral flame.

In the drawings, A is the supply-tube and vaporizing-chamber, which is filled with any suitable absorbent and porous substance A, which checks the flow of the fluid to the burner and retains the heat after the burner is lighted, causing the fluid which is conducted into it to be vaporized in its pores. The tube or stem A is cast in one piece with or brazed at the upper end to the burner-tip 15. Two ducts B and B extend through the burner-tip from the chamber in the stem A to the spreadingchamber 13 formed'in the upper end of the burner-tip B. This spreading-chamber might properly also be called a vaporizing-chamber, since before the burner becomes hot enough to cause the formation of vapor in the stem A the liquid will be vaporized in this spreading-chamber B Fine orifices 19 lead from the chamber B through its wall outhaving an opening through its base large enough to allow it to be passed down over the upper end of the burner-tip, and which rests upon the four radial arms B B B B. The base 0 of the shield O is perforated, said perforations 0 being distributed over its entire surface and designed to admit air freely into it from below. Its cylindrical wall is pierced by apertures 0 equal in number and in line radially with the orifices b respectively leading from the spreading-chamber Through the arms 13 and 13 holes are drilled into the ducts B and B respectively, and screw-valves D and E, suitably guarded about their stems with stuffing-boxes D and E, are provided, entering through said holes and seating across said ducts B and B respectively. Directly above each of these valves simple screw-valves F and G are inserted through the arms D and D respectively, and seated in and adapted to close the ducts B and B respectively, above the seats therein of the valves D and E, respectively. These latter valves F and G are preferably made with slender tapering points, and their seats are of course similarly formed, whereby they are adapted to be very accurately adjusted. The valves D and E may not be so slender, but may cease more abruptly. The valve D we prefer to provide with a sheavehandle D, to which a chain Il may be connected for convenience in operating it. The valve E may have no handle at all, or may be provided with a handle E, as shown; but the valves F and G are preferably without handles, but may be slotted at the exposed ends to be operated by a screw-driver. These latter valves are designed to be so tightly fitted in their threads as to require no stuffing-boxes, and to be adjusted not too easily even by means of a screw-driver, and incapable of adjustment by the fingers without a tool.

This burner is designed to be used in the following manner: The valve E being closed and the valves F and D being open and the valve G either open or closed, it beingat this stage a matter of indifference whether it is open or closed, the fluid admitted through the pipe A and contained in the porous material A flows up through the duct B, and,

overflowing in the chamber B and flowing. out through the orifices b will be ignited.

upon the outside of the burner-tip. It will be understood that for this purpose the shield C may be temporarily removed. The valve D may now be closed, or so nearly closed as to admit a very slight quantity of oil past it, the oil which has overflowed and such ad ditional quantity, if any, as may be supplied past the valve D burning freely until the entire burner-tip B and the tube A, connected to it, are sufficiently heated to cause the fluid contained in the porous contents A of the tube A to be vaporized therein, so that the discharge from the orifices 71 is no longer oil, but vapor. It will be understood that if the valve D has been closed entirely after the first discharge of oil past it, as described, itmust be opened again before the oil so discharged is entirely burned up, in order that the vapor or vaporized oil in the tube A may be admitted to the burner-tip to maintain the flame. The valveD will now be opened wide, and the valve F will be screwed in until the discharge of vapor past it is limited to such amount as can be continuously generated in the chamber A. This amount and the consequent adjustment of the valve F will be determined by the judgment of an expert or by suflicient experiment to ascertain it reliably, and the valve F, having been once set at this position, need never be changed, except when a different grade of oil is to be used, which may change the conditions. The valve D being now closed entirely, and the valve E opened wide, the valve G will be adjusted to such position that it will admit past it only the least quantity of vapor, which will maintain the temperature of the burner at the vaporizingpoint. This valve, being thus adjusted, will need no change unless a different character of oil is to be used, which may require a greater volume to maintain the same tem perature, or which vaporizes at a different temperatu re. It will be seen that when the valves F and G are thus adjusted the flame may be increased from the minimum which can be maintained to the maximum that the burner is capable of supplying reliably by opening the valve D to any desired extent, and that, once lighted and properly adjusted, the flame will never be extinguished entirely, and the burner may therefore be operated with as great convenience as aburner fed by a gassupply and provided with automatic lighting attachments, so that the process of first flooding the burner with oil and watchingit until it begins to vaporize and then with care requiring an expert adjusting it to the proper point each time it is used is dispensed with. If at any time it is desired to extinguish the burner entirely, as when the light is not to be required for a long time, as for several days or weeks, the valve E will be closed as well as the valve D; but in the ordinary intervals of use from night to night the valve E will be left open and the flamemaintained at the minimum, controlled by the valve G, as described.

It will be apparent that the slight flame formed when the valve D is closed and the vapor is admitted only past the minimum valve G would be liable to be extinguished by drafts of air, and also that the large flame might be rendered unsteady and might be extinguished at some of the orifices momentarily by air-blasts accidentally directed upon it if no protection were afforded for the flame. To afford such protection is the purpose of the shield O. This shield has the bottom C perforated, as already described, the intention being to admit an abundant supply of air to the flame, but to so thoroughly break it up that it shall be distributed evenly and not at any time reduced to a blast at any one point. The shield entirely encircles the burner-tip and is closed at the top, and has the apertures 0 which are radially in line with the apertures b in the burner-tip B. The apertures 0 however, are very much larger than the orifices I)", the latter being from one one-hundredth to one-fiftieth of an inch-that is, barely large enough to admit a fine needlewhile the former-the apertures c are from three-sixteenths to three-eighths of an inch in diameter. The jets emitted from the orifices U are directed toward the apertures 0 and when the supply-valve is opened to such an extent as to produce actual illumination from the burner these jets shoot out through the apertures c'-. When the burner isturned down that is, when the valve 1) is closed, or nearly soand the quantity of vapor admitted is that which is permitted by the valve G, the jets barely protrude from the orifices b, or at least do not extend far enough to be visible outside the shield C. In practice a bare blue point of flame is visible at the orifices if when the supply of vapor is at the minimum as controlled by the valve G.

We claim-- 1. In a vapor-burner, in combination with the fluid-supply pipe and the burner-tip and a duct communicating from the supply-pipe to the tip, and the valve controlling such duct, the tip having peripheral j et-orifices in horizontal plane, through which the Vapor is emitted radially, and a shield encircling and covering such tip and having peripheral openings in a horizontal plane radially in line with the jet-orifices, respectively, and through which the flame can extend when the controlling-valve is sufficiently opened, substantially as set forth.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, in combination with the supply-pipe and the burner-tip,

two ducts which communicate with the supply-pipe and the tip, a'limiting-valve seating in each of said ducts, one of such Valves being adjusted to the minimum and the other to the maximum of the desired supply, the third valve controlling the duct which has the maximum limiting-valve, the burner-tip having peripheral jet-orifices in horizontal plane, through which the vapor is emitted radially, and a shield O, encircling and covering such tip and having in a horizontal plane peripheral flame-orifices 0 which are radially in line with the j et-orifices, respectively, whereby the jetsof fiame emitted from the jet-orifices are caused to extend out separately and divergently in a horizontal plane through said flame-orifices, substantially as set forth.

3. In a Vapor-burner, in combination with the burner-tip having jet-orifices located in ISAAC E. BLAKE.

HERMAN RAUCHFUSS.

Witnesses:

O. B. OoWELL, M. MOMULLIN.

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