US4504468A - Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms - Google Patents
Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4504468A US4504468A US06/514,936 US51493683A US4504468A US 4504468 A US4504468 A US 4504468A US 51493683 A US51493683 A US 51493683A US 4504468 A US4504468 A US 4504468A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- termites
- molybdenum
- moo
- cellulosic material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/11—Termite treating
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of methods and compositions for the control of animals capable of nitrogen fixation in general, and particularly for the control of termites and shipworms.
- While the present invention is broadly directed toward animals capable of nitrogen fixation, it is particularly useful in the control of termites.
- the prior art is generally cognizant of a wide variety of compounds which are useful either for introduction into wood for preserving the wood fiber from terminate infestation, of for directly controlling termites. Wood infestation and destruction by termites is a widely recognized problem, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world and much research has been directed toward methods and compositions for controlling termite activity. Generally, in the prior art, it has been the practice to use either general organic insecticides or toxic metallic compounds to control or to kill termites. These compositions may be utilized directly to control termites by incorporated in a bait or attractant composition, but are typically utilized by injection or saturation in wood members so as to preserve wood which may come in contact with termite colonies.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,784,139 discloses a composition for preserving wood including, as a mycocidal and insecticidal ingredient, one of a variety of metal compounds including chromated zinc chloride, copper sulphate, arsenic compounds, and mercury compounds.
- U.S. Pat. No. 2,886,486 discloses a wood impregnating compound including therein chromated zinc sulphate.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,832,463 illustrates the use of hexavalent chromium in a wood treating composition intended to preserve wood from microbial and insecticidal activity.
- composition for control of nitrogen-fixing pests includes a pesticidal amount of an effectively soluble compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten.
- An object of the present invention is to also provide a method for the control of wood pests such as termites and shipworms and for the preservation of wood in which wood is treated with a composition including a pesticidal amount of a metal compound wherein the metal is selected from a group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten.
- the present inventon envisions a pest control agent for pests capable of nitrogen fixation which may be administered directly to the pests, or which may be used to protect wood from termite or shipworm infestation, and which includes, as its active ingredient, a compound preferably a salt, of either or both of molybdenum or tungsten.
- a compound preferably a salt, of either or both of molybdenum or tungsten exhibit pesticidal activity in concentrations as low as 500 parts per million (ppm) of the metal ingredient. The concentrations of these metals may be reduced even lower if a more gradual rate of kill is acceptable and may, of course be increased to higher concentrations if it is economically feasible.
- the molybdenum or tungsten compounds conveniently may be introduced to the pests by treating the wood upon which pests would otherwise feed, or by inclusion into a pellet or other bait which is deposited in a location which the pests would frequent. It is envisioned, in particular, that salts of these metallic elements may be incorporated into wood treating dips or impregnating compounds which may be introduced under pressure into wood in a conventional treatment process to inhibit termite or shipworm feeding on that wood.
- tungsten toxicity to termites may be due either to the antagonistic activity of tungsten on the nitrogenase enzyme or to the molybdenum scavenging mechanism which might also accumulate tungsten. It is known, for example, that in some nitrogen fixing bacteria the mechanisms for molybdenum uptake also accumulate tungsten, "Molybdenum Accumulation and Storage in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azobacter vinelandii, Pienkos and Brill, Jour. of Bact., 145: 2 pp. 743-751. It is to be understood, however, that the hypothesis for the mechanism of toxicity of molybdenum and tungsten is unproven at this stage.
- the symptoms of the molybdenum toxicity to the termites included that the abdomens of the termites turned blue-grey after a relatively short period, i.e. three days, of feeding on the dosed cellulose samples. No such phenomenon was observed with control termites or termites feeding on tungsten dosed pellets.
- the amount of metal salt in each of the above samples was formulated to give an effective concentration of 1000 p.p.m. of metal in the termite food, with the exception of NaCl (dose tripled) and Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (dose cut by one-half).
- the kill rate of the boron compound was expected inasmuch as borate is a previously documented termiticidal (and general insecticidal) agent.
- borate is very soluble and not amenable to easy methods for making insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness insoluble, and thus its effectiveness in wood treatment is very limited. The use of molybdenum does not suffer from such a limitation.
- metallic salts and other effectively soluble compounds of molybdenum and tungsten exhibit significant and unusual toxicity to termites through some mechanism related to the ability to fix nitrogen. While it is believed that the mechanism of this toxicity is related to the mechanism for molybdenum uptake to create nitrogenase enzyme for the fixation of nitrogen, as stated, it is also possible that the toxicity mechanism results because of the strong reducing activity of the microflora gut. It is to be understood, therefore, that the present invention is not limited to the mechanism for this toxicity which is discussed here, but is instead directed toward both a composition for the control of nitrogen fixing pests including molybdenum or tungsten and a method for using these compositions to control pests regardless of the details of the mechanism by which they function.
- this termite control composition can be utilized in any conventional wood treating composition already containing fungicidal or other preservative compounds.
- fungicidal or other preservative compounds such as fungicidal or other preservative compounds.
- a molybdenum or tungsten metallic salt or derivative would also ensure that the treated wood would be safe from termite and shipworm infestation.
- these metallic salts for pest control could be incorporated in cellulosic pellets or baits which could be placed in pre-selected locations adjacent to the wood likely to be visited by the pests.
- a quantity of cellulosic material such as wood, paper, paperboard, paper or paperboard products, or cotton, needs merely to be inoculated with a dose of a molybdenum or tungsten compound, and left as a bait in a location likely to be frequented by the pests.
- a molybdenum or tungsten compound could be directly inoculated in the soil surrounding the structures.
- termites could be controlled in a structure regardless of whether or not the remaining wood in a structure to be protected was susceptible to treatment.
- a preferred method for using the compositions of the present invention is to impregnate the compositions directly into the wood to be protected. Such impregnated wood would be resistant to both termite and shipworm infestation.
- the molybdenum compound must be in a form that prevents it from being immediately solubilized when the wood is exposed to water.
- One method would be to soak the wood in a highly soluble molybdenum (i.e. molybdate) solution under heat or pressure to introduce the compound into the wood. Wood with insoluble molybdenum impregnated therein would be particularly useful in marine applications where shipworms are a problem.
- An alternative approach to introduce an relatively insoluble molybdenum compound into wood is to use a suspension of an insoluble compound as very fine particles which can be forced into wood pores under pressure.
- Another approach would be to use an organic solvent to dissolve a relatively water insoluble molybdenum compound to carry the compound into the wood.
- compositions in accordance with the present invention could be effectively used as soil inoculants in or around structures to be protected to prevent termite encroachment upon the structures through subterranean tunnelling.
Abstract
Description
TABLE I ______________________________________ Concentration Published Dosant to the of Metal Days to Solubility Alpha-Cellulose p.p.m. wt/wt) 50% Kill in grams/100 cc ______________________________________ H.sub.2 O (control) -- >32 -- CaSO.sub.4 (control) 3,000 (Ca) >32 .209 at 30° C. no food (control) -- 22 -- CaCl.sub.2 (control) 2,600 (Ca) >32 -- MoO.sub.3 4,000 (Mo) 13 .049 at 28° C. H.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 5,000 (Mo) 13 .133 at 18° C. CaMoO.sub.4 3,000 (Mo) 22 .0050 at 25° C. Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 5,000 (Mo) 13 39.38 at 28° C. Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 500 (Mo) 22 39.38 at 28° C. Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 50 (Mo) >32 39.38 at 28° C. FeMoO.sub.4 3,600 (Mo) 17 .0076 at 25° C. Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4 9,000 (W) 16 57.5 at 0° C. Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4 90 (W) >32 57.5 at 0° C. ______________________________________
TABLE II ______________________________________ Percent Survival Dosage (mg per Days to at 48 Dosant 5 gram paper) 50% Kill days ______________________________________ NaNbO.sub.3 9.03 -- 95 NaBiO.sub.3 14.80 -- 88 None (Control) -- -- 91 NaVO.sub.3 6.50 -- 58 Na.sub.2 B.sub.4 O.sub.7.10H.sub.2 O 19.80 8-10 0 CuCl.sub.2 .2H.sub.2 O 9.38 -- 81 Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O 12.5 24-28 1 Na.sub.2 SnO.sub.3.3H.sub.2 O 13.9 -- 89 CoCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O 12.4 -- 83 Na.sub.2 WO.sub.4.2H.sub.2 O 17.30 37-49 19 NaCl 9.18 -- 91 Fe.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3.3H.sub.2 O 12.20 -- 93 SrCl.sub.2.6H.sub.2 O 13.90 -- 88 FeCl.sub.3.6H.sub.2 O 14.30 -- 90 MnCl.sub.2.4H.sub.2 O 10.30 -- 92 NiSO.sub.4.6H.sub.2 O 13.90 -- 62 TiO.sub.4 4.37 -- 81 NH.sub.4 Al(SO.sub.4).sub.2.12H.sub.2 O 23.60 -- 92 MgSO.sub.4.7H.sub.2 O 12.50 -- 90 BaCl.sub.2.2H.sub.2 O 12.50 -- 87 NaI 7.83 17-24 18 Ce(SO.sub.4).sub.2.4H.sub.2 O 21.50 -- 92 NaTaO.sub.3 4.37 -- 88 LiCl 2.20 -- 86 ZnSO.sub.4 .7H.sub.2 O 15.00 -- 86 ______________________________________
TABLE III ______________________________________ Published Number dead (of 60) Solubility in Dosant at end of Four weeks grams per 100 cc ______________________________________ H.sub.2 O (control) 3 -- Na.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 20 39.38 (at 28° C.) (NH.sub.4).sub.2 Mo.sub.2 O.sub.7 13 43 (at 25° C.) H.sub.2 MoO.sub.4 16 .133 (at 18° C.) MoO.sub.3 11 .049 (at 28° C.) Mo ore 18 -- MoS.sub.2 0 0 (effectively insoluble) NaWO.sub.4 26 57.5 (at 0° C.) FeSO.sub.4 0 -- Na.sub.2 Cr.sub.2 O.sub.7 0 238 (at 0° C.) ______________________________________
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/514,936 US4504468A (en) | 1983-07-18 | 1983-07-18 | Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms |
EP19830305793 EP0111995B1 (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-28 | Method and composition for control of nitrogen-fixing animals |
DE8383305793T DE3375445D1 (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-28 | Method and composition for control of nitrogen-fixing animals |
BR8305367A BR8305367A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-29 | COMPOSITION FOR THE CONTROL OF HARMFUL ANIMALS ABLE TO FIX NITROGEN, IMPREGNATED WOOD, CELLULOSIC BAIT, PROCESS TO SAFELY PRESERVE A WOODEN STRUCTURE AGAINST HARMFUL ANIMALS ABLE TO FIX NITROGEN |
CA000438033A CA1233412A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-29 | Method and composition for control of nitrogen-fixing animals |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/514,936 US4504468A (en) | 1983-07-18 | 1983-07-18 | Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms |
Publications (1)
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US4504468A true US4504468A (en) | 1985-03-12 |
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US06/514,936 Expired - Fee Related US4504468A (en) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-07-18 | Method and composition for control of termite and shipworms |
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5564222A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-10-15 | Environmental Laboratories, Inc. | Method and articles for killing termites |
US6223464B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-01 | Nelson M Nekomoto | Apparatus for repelling ground termites |
WO2002083381A2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | University Of Delaware | Method and compositions for inhibiting cellulolytic symbionts |
US20030124164A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US20030124166A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-07-03 | Brode Philip Frederick | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US20040033901A1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 2004-02-19 | Adamoli James R. | Uses for cellulose-containing aggregates |
US6716421B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2004-04-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US20050196419A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-08 | Sawyer Kenneth I. | Borer-resistant wood, wood products, and wooden structures and methods |
US7030156B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2006-04-18 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US20070157847A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-12 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Tropolone complexes as wood preservatives |
US20070163465A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-19 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Metal salts of hydrolyzed olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers and their use as wood preservatives |
US20070169664A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-26 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Ibuprofen complexes as wood preservatives |
US7497901B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2009-03-03 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Tungstate and molybate wood preservatives |
CN102363758A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-02-29 | 黑龙江大学 | Azotobacteria separated from termite intestines |
US20130333275A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-12-19 | Mississippi State University | System and methods for pest reduction |
JP6103414B1 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-03-29 | 株式会社アンディーン | Cockroach repellent paint |
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Cited By (32)
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US6618986B2 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2003-09-16 | Yaakov Brody | Method for producing a mulch for killing termites |
US6286247B1 (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2001-09-11 | Environmental Laboratories, Inc. | Mulch and method for killing termites |
US5564222A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-10-15 | Environmental Laboratories, Inc. | Method and articles for killing termites |
US7357946B2 (en) | 1994-04-15 | 2008-04-15 | Adamoli Jr James R | Uses for cellulose-containing aggregates |
US20040033901A1 (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 2004-02-19 | Adamoli James R. | Uses for cellulose-containing aggregates |
US6223464B1 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2001-05-01 | Nelson M Nekomoto | Apparatus for repelling ground termites |
US20030124164A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US20030124166A1 (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2003-07-03 | Brode Philip Frederick | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US6716421B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2004-04-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US6964124B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2005-11-15 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US6969512B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2005-11-29 | The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US7030156B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2006-04-18 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
US7157078B2 (en) | 2001-03-05 | 2007-01-02 | The University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Devices and methods for eliminating termite colonies |
WO2002083381A3 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2003-12-04 | Univ Delaware | Method and compositions for inhibiting cellulolytic symbionts |
US20040241091A1 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-12-02 | Cary Stephen C. | Methods and compositions for inhibiting cellulollytic symbionts |
WO2002083381A2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | University Of Delaware | Method and compositions for inhibiting cellulolytic symbionts |
US7361477B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2008-04-22 | University Of Delaware | Methods and compositions for inhibiting cellulolytic symbionts |
US20050196419A1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2005-09-08 | Sawyer Kenneth I. | Borer-resistant wood, wood products, and wooden structures and methods |
US7572461B2 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2009-08-11 | Kenneth I. Sawyer | Borer-resistant wood, wood products, and wooden structures and methods |
US20070157847A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-12 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Tropolone complexes as wood preservatives |
US20070169664A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-26 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Ibuprofen complexes as wood preservatives |
US7427316B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2008-09-23 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Tropolone complexes as wood preservatives |
US7462227B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2008-12-09 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Ibuprofen complexes as wood preservatives |
US7497901B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2009-03-03 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Tungstate and molybate wood preservatives |
US7540906B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2009-06-02 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company | Metal salts of hydrolyzed olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers and their use as wood preservatives |
US20070163465A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-19 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours & Company | Metal salts of hydrolyzed olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers and their use as wood preservatives |
CN102363758A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-02-29 | 黑龙江大学 | Azotobacteria separated from termite intestines |
US20130333275A1 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2013-12-19 | Mississippi State University | System and methods for pest reduction |
US9924706B2 (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2018-03-27 | Mississippi State University | System and methods for pest reduction |
JP6103414B1 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-03-29 | 株式会社アンディーン | Cockroach repellent paint |
JP2018024623A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社アンディーン | Cockroach repellent coating material |
WO2018029732A1 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | 株式会社アンディーン | Cockroach-repellent coating material |
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