US4453497A - Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus - Google Patents

Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US4453497A
US4453497A US06/451,974 US45197482A US4453497A US 4453497 A US4453497 A US 4453497A US 45197482 A US45197482 A US 45197482A US 4453497 A US4453497 A US 4453497A
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion
fluid
sulfur
fluidized bed
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/451,974
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English (en)
Inventor
James S. Davis
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STRUTHERS THERMO-FLOOD Corp
McDermott Technology Inc
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Struthers Wells Corp
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Priority to US06/451,974 priority Critical patent/US4453497A/en
Assigned to STRUTHERS WELLS CORPORATION, A CORP OF MD. reassignment STRUTHERS WELLS CORPORATION, A CORP OF MD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DAVIS, JAMES S.
Priority to FI834505A priority patent/FI834505A/fi
Priority to CA000443270A priority patent/CA1218053A/en
Priority to GB08333510A priority patent/GB2132109B/en
Priority to JP58239019A priority patent/JPS59176505A/ja
Priority to FR8320362A priority patent/FR2538081A1/fr
Priority to DE19833346255 priority patent/DE3346255A1/de
Publication of US4453497A publication Critical patent/US4453497A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to CROWN ANDERSEN, INC. reassignment CROWN ANDERSEN, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: STRUTHERS WELLS CORPORATION
Assigned to STRUTHERS THERMO-FLOOD CORPORATION reassignment STRUTHERS THERMO-FLOOD CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CROWN ANDERSEN, INC., A CORP. OF DE
Assigned to BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE reassignment BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: STRUTHERS THERMO-FLOOD CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE
Assigned to MCDERMOTT TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment MCDERMOTT TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE
Assigned to MCDERMOTT TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment MCDERMOTT TECHNOLOGY, INC. CORRECT ASSIGNMENT AS ORIGINALLY RECORDED ON REEL 8820 FRAME 0595 TO DELETE ITEMS ON ATTACHED PAGE 2. Assignors: BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY, THE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/002—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus for pulverulent solid fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/26—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with two or more fluidised beds, e.g. reactor and regeneration installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/38—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it
    • B01J8/384—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it being subject to a circulatory movement only
    • B01J8/388—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation or to a circulatory movement, i.e. leaving a vessel and subsequently re-entering it being subject to a circulatory movement only externally, i.e. the particles leaving the vessel and subsequently re-entering it
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/205—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products in a fluidised-bed combustor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

  • Combined cycle or cogeneration plants for generating electric power from solid or liquid fuel generally comprise a combustor for burning the fuel so as to generate steam for a turbine or other use and to heat a fluid for a gas or other fluid turbine.
  • a fluidized bed combustor has advantages for such use.
  • the practice has been to carry out the functions of raising steam and heating the fluid in the same combustor unit.
  • the combustor may be operated at atmospheric pressure, as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,116,005, or with a pressurized bed as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,223,529.
  • There are advantages in separating or decoupling the fluid heating function of the combustor from its steam raising function as described in my U.S. Pat. No.
  • My invention is adapted to a combined cycle or cogeneration plant utilizing a fluidized bed combustor in which sulfur-containing coal or other fuel is burned at substantially atmospheric pressure and an external heat transfer unit through which a portion of the hot solids of the fluidized bed is circulated in heat-transfer relation with compressed fluid for a fluid turbine.
  • I raise the temperature of the fluid supplied to the fluid turbine from my heat exchanger by adding heat to the circulating solids entering the external heat transfer unit. I do this by combusting fuel with air in contact with the circulating solids in a combustion-augmenting chamber external to the combustor and which may be external to the heat transfer unit or may by a part thereof, as will appear.
  • the sulfur-containing products of combustion of the above mentioned chamber which are at a temperature higher than the optimum for sulfur removal by limestone of the like sulfur-sorbing substances, are conducted to the combustor fluidized bed, where they come in contact with sulfur-sorbing particles charged with the combustor fuel.
  • the hotter gases are cooled and desulfurized in the combustor.
  • My invention also contemplates the plant above described but including a second heat exchanger.
  • the fluid heated in the first heat exchanger is one of high heat capacity, such as a liquid metal.
  • This intermediate fluid is circulated through the second heat exchanger in heat-exchanging relation with a second fluid which is supplied to a fluid turbine.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of a fluidized bed combustor with a portion of its fluidized bed solids arranged to circulate through a combustion-augmenting chamber of my invention and an external air heater, in which the fluidized bed solids pass through the air heater tubes.
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic of a fluidized bed combustor with a portion of its fluidized bed solids arranged to circulate through a combustion-augmenting chamber of my invention and an external air heater, in which the air to be heated passes through the air heater tubes.
  • FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic of the apparatus of FIG. 2 but also including a second heat exchanger arranged as above described.
  • a fluidized bed combustor 11 is supplied with sulfur-containing fuel at 12, sulfur sorbing material such as limestone at 13, and primary air at 14.
  • Hot fluidized bed solids and gaseous products of combustion are drawn off through duct 15 and passed into primary cyclone 16.
  • the gaseous products of combustion are separated and transferred through duct 17 to heat recovery apparatus.
  • the separated hot solids are delivered through duct 18 to my combustion-augmenting chamber 19. That chamber is also supplied with fluidizing and combustion air at 21 and with fuel at 22.
  • the fuel is combusted with air in chamber 19 which is operated as a fluidized bed combustor in which the fuel is burned in contact with hot fluidized bed solids from cyclone 16.
  • the fluidized bed solids which are there raised to a temperature higher than the temperature at which they were delivered to chamber 19, are passed through duct 23 to heat exchanger 24.
  • Preheated transport air is introduced into heat exchanger 24 at 29.
  • the hot solids suspension passes through tubes 25 in heat exchanger 24 and back through duct 26 into combustor 11.
  • Compressed fluid, such as air, is introduced into heat transfer unit 24 at 27 so as to pass around tubes 25 and is conducted through duct 28 to a gas turbine, not shown.
  • the gaseous products of combustion from combustion-augmenting chamber 19 leave therefrom through duct 30 and are returned to combustor 11.
  • FIG. 2 an arrangement of apparatus similar to FIG. 1 is shown, but the heat exchanger 31 is one in which the fluid to be heated passes through tubes and the hot solids suspension is circulated around the tubes.
  • Combustion-augmenting chamber 19 is shown as an integral part of heat exchanger 31. Hot solids from primary cyclone 16 pass through duct 18 into combustion-augmenting chamber 19 and exit therefrom at 23 into heat exchanger 31 where they pass around tubes 32 and return to combustor 11 through return duct 26. Air from a compressor is introduced into heat exchanger tubes 32 by duct 27 and is discharged therefrom through duct 28 to a gas turbine. As before, combustion and fluidizing air is introduced into combustion-augmenting chamber 19 at 21 and fluidizing air is also introduced into heat exchanger 31 at 29. The gaseous products of combustion are drawn off from combustion-augmenting chamber 19 through duct 30 and returned to combustor 11.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 3 includes the apparatus of FIG. 2 described above together with a second heat exchanger.
  • the elements of FIG. 3 which are identical with those of FIG. 2 carry the same reference characters and will not be described again.
  • the second heat exchanger 34 is of the same construction as heat exchanger 24 shown in FIG. 1.
  • Duct 28 carries fluid from tubes 32 in heat exchanger 31 to tubes 35 in heat exchanger 34. That fluid is carried by duct 36 from heat exchanger 34 to fluid reservoir 37, from which is pumped by pump 38 back into tubes 32 of heat exchanger 31 through duct 27.
  • a fluid such as air from a compressor is introduced into heat exchanger 34 around tubes 35 through duct 39 and is discharged therefrom through duct 40 to a gas turbine.
  • Heat exchanger 34 could be of the same construction as heat exchanger 31, if desired.
  • the operation of my apparatus is substantially the same in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the temperature in combustor 11 is maintained at that which optimizes sulfur removal from flue gases by the sulfur-sorbing particles. That temperature range is about 1450°-1700° F.
  • the circulating solids from combustor 11, which may include fuel particles and sulfur-sorbing particles, lose some heat before they reach combustion-augmenting chamber 19.
  • the additional fuel burned there with the combustion air also admitted raises the temperature of those solids to a preferred range of about 1600°-1900° F., and the circulating solids are conducted to heat transfer unit 24 or 31, as the case may be, at temperatures of only slightly less.
  • the compressed air for gas turbine use is thus heated to a temperature considerably above any temperature which can be obtained by apparatus not employing my combustion-augmenting chamber and operated so as to minimize sulfur content of its flue gases.
  • the gaseous products of combustion from my combustor-augmenting chamber which may have a relatively high sulfur content, are returned to combustor 11 where the temperature is maintained at optimum value for sulfur removal, and as their volume is small compared to the flue gas volume from the combustor they cooled into the temperature range favorable for sulfur removal by the sulfur-sorbing material.
  • the sulfur content of the combined flue gases from my apparatus is not increased, but the temperature of the air delivered to the gas turbine is substantially increased.
  • FIG. 3 The operation of my apparatus of FIG. 3 is substantially the same as that of the embodiment of my FIG. 2, to the extent of the elements common to both.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 3, however, makes use of a high heat capacity intermediate fluid which circulates through heat exchangers 31, 34, reservoir 37 and pump 38. I prefer to use a liquid metal for that intermediate fluid. That fluid is heated to a preferred temperature range of 1600°-1900° in my augmented combustion heat exchanger 31 and transfers that heat to air or other fluid by heat exchange in my second heat exchanger 34. The fluid so heated is used to operate a fluid turbine.
  • the use of a high heat capacity intermediate fluid permits a considerable reduction in the physical size of heat exchanger 31 and a relatively compact heat exchanger 34.
  • the additional fuel burned in my combustion-augmenting chamber may be introduced at that point.
  • the additional fuel may be particulate carbonaceous fuel carried over by the circulating solids from the fluidized bed combustor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
US06/451,974 1982-12-21 1982-12-21 Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US4453497A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/451,974 US4453497A (en) 1982-12-21 1982-12-21 Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus
FI834505A FI834505A (fi) 1982-12-21 1983-12-08 Foerbaettrat vaermeoeverfoeringsfoerfarande och apparatur foer genomfoerande av foerfarandet.
CA000443270A CA1218053A (en) 1982-12-21 1983-12-14 Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus
GB08333510A GB2132109B (en) 1982-12-21 1983-12-16 Power generating plant
JP58239019A JPS59176505A (ja) 1982-12-21 1983-12-20 流体加熱方法および装置
FR8320362A FR2538081A1 (fr) 1982-12-21 1983-12-20 Procede et appareil de chauffage d'un fluide par combustion d'un combustible carbone
DE19833346255 DE3346255A1 (de) 1982-12-21 1983-12-21 Verfahren und einrichtung zum erhitzen eines stroemungsmittels durch verbrennung von kohle- bzw. kohlenstoffhaltigem brennstoff, der schwefel enthaelt, zusammen mit teilchenfoermigem schwefelabsorbierendem material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/451,974 US4453497A (en) 1982-12-21 1982-12-21 Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4453497A true US4453497A (en) 1984-06-12

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/451,974 Expired - Lifetime US4453497A (en) 1982-12-21 1982-12-21 Augmented heat transfer method and apparatus

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US (1) US4453497A (fi)
JP (1) JPS59176505A (fi)
CA (1) CA1218053A (fi)
DE (1) DE3346255A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI834505A (fi)
FR (1) FR2538081A1 (fi)
GB (1) GB2132109B (fi)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541245A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-09-17 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Method and apparatus for calcining fine grained material
US4781574A (en) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-01 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Method and system for controlling cyclone collection efficiency and recycle rate in fluidized bed reactors
US5660148A (en) * 1991-09-12 1997-08-26 Imatran Voima Oy Method and device in the cooling of the circulating material in a fluidized-bed boiler
US6202576B1 (en) * 1995-11-02 2001-03-20 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for recycling fine-particle solids discharged from a reactor vessel with a gas
US6293781B1 (en) 1996-06-05 2001-09-25 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method of and apparatus for decreasing attack of detrimental components of solid particle suspensions on heat transfer surfaces

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898043A (en) * 1971-03-18 1975-08-05 Little Inc A Apparatus for decomposing concentrated aqueous aluminum nitrate solutions
US3921590A (en) * 1972-10-20 1975-11-25 Douglas Allison Mitchell Fluidised bed incinerators
US4084545A (en) * 1975-10-21 1978-04-18 Battelle Development Corporation Operating method
US4164846A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-08-21 Curtiss-Wright Corporation Gas turbine power plant utilizing a fluidized-bed combustor
US4312301A (en) * 1980-01-18 1982-01-26 Battelle Development Corporation Controlling steam temperature to turbines
US4355601A (en) * 1981-09-25 1982-10-26 Conoco Inc. Recirculating flue gas fluidized bed heater

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FR1550076A (fi) * 1967-02-17 1968-12-20
US3717700A (en) * 1970-08-25 1973-02-20 Us Interior Process and apparatus for burning sulfur-containing fuels
GB1326651A (en) * 1971-01-29 1973-08-15 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Method and apparatus for the generation and transfer of heat in fluidised bed systems
GB1408888A (en) * 1971-11-12 1975-10-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Manufacture of combustible gases
US3995987A (en) * 1975-03-31 1976-12-07 Macaskill Donald Heat treatment of particulate materials
DE2539546C3 (de) * 1975-09-05 1985-10-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Verbrennung kohlenstoffhaltiger Materialien
DE2624302C2 (de) * 1976-05-31 1987-04-23 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Durchführung exothermer Prozesse
US4103646A (en) * 1977-03-07 1978-08-01 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Apparatus and method for combusting carbonaceous fuels employing in tandem a fast bed boiler and a slow boiler
US4227488A (en) * 1978-10-03 1980-10-14 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed unit including a cooling device for bed material
US4704084A (en) * 1979-12-26 1987-11-03 Battelle Development Corporation NOX reduction in multisolid fluidized bed combustors
DE3107258A1 (de) * 1980-02-28 1982-02-25 Bede Alfred Newcastle New South Wales Boyle Hydro/druckwirbelschichtverbrennungsreaktor
NL187770C (nl) * 1980-11-12 1992-01-02 Esmil Bv Doorstroominrichting voor een vloeibaar medium bevattende een fluidiseerbare korrelmassa.
US4469050A (en) * 1981-12-17 1984-09-04 York-Shipley, Inc. Fast fluidized bed reactor and method of operating the reactor
IT1155658B (it) * 1982-03-23 1987-01-28 Fata Ind Spa Sistema e metodo per il recupero delle sabbie contenute in forme ed anime di fonderia mediante calcinazione in un forno a letto fluidizzato

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898043A (en) * 1971-03-18 1975-08-05 Little Inc A Apparatus for decomposing concentrated aqueous aluminum nitrate solutions
US3921590A (en) * 1972-10-20 1975-11-25 Douglas Allison Mitchell Fluidised bed incinerators
US4084545A (en) * 1975-10-21 1978-04-18 Battelle Development Corporation Operating method
US4164846A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-08-21 Curtiss-Wright Corporation Gas turbine power plant utilizing a fluidized-bed combustor
US4312301A (en) * 1980-01-18 1982-01-26 Battelle Development Corporation Controlling steam temperature to turbines
US4355601A (en) * 1981-09-25 1982-10-26 Conoco Inc. Recirculating flue gas fluidized bed heater

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541245A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-09-17 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag Method and apparatus for calcining fine grained material
US4781574A (en) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-01 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Method and system for controlling cyclone collection efficiency and recycle rate in fluidized bed reactors
US5660148A (en) * 1991-09-12 1997-08-26 Imatran Voima Oy Method and device in the cooling of the circulating material in a fluidized-bed boiler
US6202576B1 (en) * 1995-11-02 2001-03-20 Deutsche Voest-Alpine Industrieanlagenbau Gmbh Process for recycling fine-particle solids discharged from a reactor vessel with a gas
US6293781B1 (en) 1996-06-05 2001-09-25 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Method of and apparatus for decreasing attack of detrimental components of solid particle suspensions on heat transfer surfaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3346255A1 (de) 1984-06-28
GB2132109A (en) 1984-07-04
CA1218053A (en) 1987-02-17
FI834505A (fi) 1984-06-22
FR2538081A1 (fr) 1984-06-22
GB2132109B (en) 1986-06-04
JPS59176505A (ja) 1984-10-05
FI834505A0 (fi) 1983-12-08
GB8333510D0 (en) 1984-01-25

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