US443980A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 SheetsS11eet 1.

0.. J. VAN DEPOELE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 443,980. Patented Dec. 30, 1890.

3 140mm to 0 Loewe (No Model.) .4 SheetsSheet 2.

C J. VAN DEPOELE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No; 443.980. Patented Dec. 30.1890.

WITNESSES:

INVENTOR W czm w awwp mz 43m 4 Sheets Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

0, J. VAN DEPOELE.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 448,980. Patented Dec. 30,1890.

avwe mtoe Charlesf 75/ eZe atkoznma n45 NORRIS ruins co.. morn-mum, msmvcrm, o. c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

0. J. VAN DEPOELE. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 443,980. Patented Dec. 30,1890.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR 7 v CZaz-les J I WM .zltlormy UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES J. VAN DEPOELE, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 443,980, dated December 30, 1890.

Application filed March 8, 1889. Serial No. 302,544Tiiidfifii1if To (0 whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES J. VAN DE POELE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors,

of which the following is adescription, refert ence being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference lTlHlkPfl fhel'tflll.

' My invention relates to an in'iprovement in electro-dynamic motors; and it comprises a rotatingelectro-magnetic motor orengine applicable. to any form of work and capable of being operated in some of its forms by any species of current, whether pulsating or intermittent. Since many formsofelectric n1) tors are capable of operation with continuous currents, I will describe the invention more particularly with reference to its operation under the influence of alternating. intermittent, or pulsating current-s. It is well known that almost any form of tlynamo-electric machine having its iron parts sufficiently subdivided to respond to rapid reversals of polarity is capable of being set in motion by alternating electric currents; but such machines are not capable of efficient action until the armature speed corresponds with or is in synchronism with that of the generator supplying the current, therefore the torque of such a motor is very feeble at starting", and it has been hitherto found impracticable to apply alternating currents to motors where they were required to run at low speed or start a load-as, for example, in electric railway work, where the motors are frequently stopped and started with the full load.

My improved motor comprises an armature which may be of anyof the well-known types, including a wire-wound iron core; but Iprefer to usea Gramme ring, the terminals of the sections of which may be connected in various ways, as will appear. The armature rotates under the action of a field of force in the usual manner. In addition to the armature and field magnets I use a third element in the form of a non-rotating coil or coils of insulated wire, the said coils enveloping or partially enveloping the armature and acting inductively thereon to produce in the armature a definite and concentrated polarity-that is, true poles adapted to cause the rotation of the armature under the influence of the fieldmagnet. It has been proposed to cause the rotation of an armature by currents induced therein while rotating in its field of force; but while this may produce practical results when the armature is ro ating at high speed, its effect is almost ml at starting, and various extraneous means have been proposed for creating magnetism in he armature-core at starting. By my invention. however, these difficulties are entirely overcome and the motor is rendered as eiiicient at low speed and at starting as any contiminus-current machine, and without any reference wliatever to the rate of the phases of supply-current.

The invention may of course be applied and modified in a great varietyof ways, some of which a e shown in the accompanying drawings and set forth and referred to in the following description and the claims appended thereto.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a motor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a tiliagrammatic view of the motor, showing circuits and regulator. Fig 3 is a diagrammatic view similar to Fig. 2, but showing a diiferent arrangement of circuits. Fig. 4: is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing a somewhat different arrangement of the moving parts. Fig. 5 is an elevation showing a construction and arrangement. differing in some respects from that seen in Fig. 4:. Fig. 6 is a view in e'levatiompartly in section, of another arrangement of parts of the motor also embodying the invention. Figs. 7 and S are diagrammatic views illustrating different modes of regulating and controlling the action of the motor. Fig. 9 is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing a motor of the same general form, the connections and manner of energizing the armature being somewhat different. Fig.10 is also aview in elevation, partly in section, but showing a somewhat different arrai'igen'ient of the armatitre-winding.

As indicated in the drawings, with reference to Fig. 1 and other similar figures not specifically mentioned, A A represent oppositely-located field-magnets, the polar extensions in a? a a of which are magnetized .by'

coils B5131, woundjupon laminated iromcores:

extending between and connecting the polar extensions.

0 is an iron ring constituting the core of the armature D, which is wound with a continuous conductor 0'; As shown,the coils of the armature D are connected by conductors d d, extending across at right angles with each other and electrically uniting diametrically-opposite portions of the armature-conductor to form two closed circuits therein. In

large armatures it will frequentlybe desirable to use more cross-connections than the twohere shown, but they will serve to illustrate theprinciple. The armature is'partlyinclosed within a non-rotating exterior induction-coil'E, which is placed about its transverse axis, the normal position of, the. coil being at right'angles tothe axis of the fielda magnets. For convenience, as here shown, thewind'uction-coil E is sustalned'withln re:

cesses fo'rmedat theneutral pointsof the. field-magnet; but it. may also be entirely within the fieldamagnet and movably sustainedlin the desired position.

As shown, thecoils of the field-magnets A A andthe coil E'are connected in series, the current entering, coil B? by conductor 1,passingcthence by conductor 2 to coil B, thence by conductor 3 to solenoid E, and from thence to line by conductor 4. through said coils will magnetize the polar extensions, as indicated by the signsthereon,

while ,thecoil E will, when; an alternating or.

pulsating current is employed,.actinductively upon the armature, causingsecondary currents to flow therein. The secondary currents, havinga defined path by reason of the cross connections 01 (1', will concentrate their magnetizingeffect and'form true poles along the lines 1 represented by said cross-conduct-. ors, and whether the armature be held vstationary or be in motion the poles so estab-- lished in the armature will be strongly at-v traoted'by theiropposite poles on .the fieldmagnetsand'repelled by likeones. Thus it will be seen that the action of my motorwhile dependingupon the magnetization of the armature from currents inducedtherein is not dependent upon the rapid rotationvofsaid' armature for its efficiency, since the same in: ductional effects will take .placewhen thiear-- mature is forcibly prevented from rotating.

In. Fig. 2 an arrangement similar to the foregoing is represented, diagrammatically, but Lhave shown a regulator in the form of reactive: coil Ejincluded in a derivation from the series circuit.

lnl ig. 3 Ifh'ave shown a.view similar tov Fig.2, except that the circuit 7 "Set the coil E and, of the field-magnets A A by conduct ors 5 6 areentirely separate and each one provided with a reactive coil IT/F for controllilig; the flow of current in their respect: ivezcircuits. Thereactive coils can -be so:v

lenoids provided "with movable iron cores f,"

Current flowing.

In Fig. 4 is seen an annular exterior fieldm-agnet'G, having two energizing-coils g g, which are separated at their extremities to expose the positive and negative poles g g in the iron core... The armature Di ismounted within the field-magnet, and the induction coil E is located betweenlh'e exterior-ofthe armature and the in terior of the field-magnet.

Inthis case, also, the armature is shown asan ordinary Gram-me ring, but each section is provided 'with a terminate, connected toa corresponding sectionof a-.comm.utator H; A pairofoppositely-mounted'and adjustable commutator-brushes are heldliir any.

desired. position with. respect vto the commutator, and. when electrically. connected serve to close the commutator-circuit.upon

itself, thereby causing currents. tlowingin'the.

armatureto traverse a. defined path and'to establish true poles therein upon the lineoccupied by the commutator-brushes It may.

be. desirable for more thorough regulation and control to connect an adjustable resistance between the commutator-.brushe's. As shown, the positive commutator-brush h: is

connected by conductor h with the switch.-

lever h? of an adjustable-resistancecLlthe other extremity-of the resistance I'beingconnectedby conductor 2' to commutator-brush i. The-induction.- coilfEv acts inductively: upon the coils of the armature D {generating currents therein, which, flowing-around said armature and alongthe-vline established by the commutator-brushes and circuit-connections, will'establish a polarityin the: said armature,wh'ich, beingat an angle from thepoles of the field-magnet, will be attracted thereby and the armature thus set .in motion... By

changing the positionof the commutatorbrushesthe polar axisot the armature can be moved as desired to secure the best working etfec-t" under varying circurnstances-, the normal posltion 1 being, however, at right anglesto the polar axis-of 'the-field-magnet, as

indicated.

I havereferred to. the coilsacting upon the It will armatureas an induction coil or coils. be understood, however, that ,the said .coil may beformed in two-or'more parts, accordin g to the mechanical lexigencies-of :thetcase.

JWherever movable. com m-utatombrushes are "used it will also be desirable that the. posi:

tion of the induction-coil be movablerthat.

is to say, th'at,althoughrit must not rota-to as does=thearmature,jthe1best efiect will be. S61

cured'by keeping its axial line always at right angles with the desired polar axis of the armature. The form shown in Fig. t may be readily subdivided to produce a four or more pole machine.

As seen in Fig. the field-magnet G is provided with four oppositely-located polar extensions between which the magnetizingcoils Z) Z) Z) Z)" are wound. The armature D is similar to that seen in the preceding figure, as also is its induction-coil E. Since, however, the field-magnet is provided with four poles a double set of poles must also be formed in the armature, which is accomplished by providing the commutator II thereof with two sets of commutator-brushes J J J 2 J The said brushes are attached at right angles and are movably mounted upon a stationary part of the machine and provided with an operatinglever J by which they may be adjusted about the commutator as desired. The inductioncoil E is also sustained by a stationary portion of the machine and connected or attached to the comtnutator-brush carrier, so that both move together, thus insuring symmetrical relationship between the magnetic axis of the induction-coil and the polar lines it is desired to establish in the armature. Opposite commutator-brushes are connected by conductorsj j, thus forming two closed circuits in the armature, and consequently two polar axes therein, which, as indicated, are at right angles to each other. It will be understood that the induction-coil as an entirety can be connected so as to produce four poles in the armature; but the better way is to arrange the connections to form two inducing-circuits to maintain the four armaturepoles. With this form the most economical action will take place when the axis of the induction coil or coils and of one pair of commutator-brushes is upon the line a; to. Although desirable for purposes of regulation, it is not necessary that any exterior resistance be placed in the short circuit connecting the commutator-brushes.

In Fi t the coils of the field-magnets and of the induction-eoils are in separate circuits. 9 and 10 represent one set, and 11 12 the other set, of terminals of the fieldanagnet coils g g, which, being united with their line conductors, place the coils g g in multiple arc. The

induction-coil E receives current through conductors l3 14, either from a separate circuit or from a source local to the motor. In Fig. 5 the coils of the field'magnets and of the induction coil or coils E are all connected in multiple are. The current entering at 15 divides through conductors 16 17, passing to the field-magnet coils and to the solenoid traversing same, and passing out by conduct.- ors 18 19, and thence to line-conductor 20.

Various ditferent methods of regulating the flow of supply-current in the field-magnet circuit and induction-coil may be adopted.

In. Fig. 7 the apparatus is indicated diagrammatically and an artificial resistance 1 is shown in a derivation from the field-magnet circuit. It will be clear, however, that the adjustable resistance might be connected in a derivation from the induction-coil or a separate resistance be used in connection with both the field-magnetcircuit and the in duction coil or coils.

In Fig. 8 I show a reactive coil F in derivation from the field-magnet circuit. The fieldmagnet coils and those of the induction-coil are connected in series.

Instead of connecting all the coils of the armature into one or more circuits closed upon themselves, I may employ the' arrangement shown in Fig. 6, in which the field-magnet circuit and induction-coils are similar to that seen in Fig. 1. The coils of the armature J are, however, somewhat d iiterently connected. Alternate sections ll are connected by conductors Z 7/ to separate sections of a commutator H in the same manner as the sections of the Grannne ring. Commutator-brushes J J bear upon opposite sides of the comm utator and are provided with conductors 21 22, connected in derivation from the main supply-circuit of the machine.

A reactive coil F is connected in series with the supply-circuit, the course of which is as follows: The current enters by conductor 23, passing through reactive coil F, and thence by conductor 24 to the field-magnet coil B. From said coil current passes by conductor 25 to the other field-magnet coil B, thence by conductor 26 to point 27, from where the main current passes by conductor 28 to the coil E, leaving the said coil by conductor 29, which is connected to the other side of the circuit at 30. The conductor 22, representing one of the commutator-brushes, is connected to the conductor 26 at the point 27, and the returnconductor 21, from the other commutatorbrush, is connected to the other side of the circuit at point 30. The field-magnet coils and those of the induction-coil are therefore connected in series with the armature-circuit in derivation therefrom. Coils M are placed between each of the coils l) on the armature, and each coil M is closed upon itself. The induction-coil IE will actinductively upon the coils M and thereby add to the magnetizing effect of the coils L, which are connected in the main circuit. It will be obvious that by disconnecting the conductors 21 and 22 from the main circuit and uniting them the same effect would be produced as described with reference to Fig. &, with the addition of the magnetizing effect upon the core of the armature B produced by the additional coils M.

Fig. 9 represents a modification of the specitic forms already referred to in the matter of connecting the armaturecoils. Instead of bringing all orpart of the terminals of the successive coils to a commutator, as in a Gramme or Pacinotti armature, thus connecting all the sections in one continuous circuit, I wind the core N with a number of separate coils n, or even a single copper ring, according to the size of the armature, each coil IIO being closed upon itself and well insulated from itsneighbors; By this "disposition the:

actionof the inducing-coil E upon the coils 'n willproduce currents: flowing on the right side of the-armature, say,'from bottom to top in the said coils and on the left side fromto-p to bottom, This-is due to the fact that the coils on the right side, say, present all their inner closed terminals upward and their outer terminals downward, the reverse "being the case with the coils-upon the other side of the armature, so thatiunder these conditions the current induced by the: solenoid will produce 'anorth pole on the top of the armature and a south pole on the bottom, and these condi time will obtain'Whet-her' the armature be at rest or rotatingat any speed. The field-magnets-of my motor may be constructed of forms and arranged difierentlyfrom those heretofore-.d'escribed'as, for example, in said Fig. 9' th'GP'OlaFGXlJG-HSlOIIS O O are semicircular in form and envelop the induction-coil E andmost of the 'armatu-re,'bein g separated at their extremities; From theextremities of the polepieces 0 O' extend cores 0 and Band 0 and P, eachof which is provided with a magnetizing-coil p, actingxto produce north poles: at"

eachextremity of the pole-piece-O and south poles. at the extremity of the pole-piece O.

WVith thisarrangementth'e positive pole at the top of the armature will be repelled by theadjacent north pole in the field-magnets and at tracted toward theadja'cent'south pole of the= field-magnets, While the south pole at the bottom. of the armature will be repelled by the adj acent south pole, thus establishing and maintaining, rotation in the armature so long as the same is magnetized by the ind uctional eifects upon its coils of the induction-coil E The field-magnet coils and the induction coil seen in Figs.'9 and 10 may be connectedin any of the different. ways herein'before. re-- ferredto. As seen, however,- they are providedwith separate circuits, represented by terminals3l 32.and 33 34.

As-indicated in Fig.;9, t-he coils of the ar mature are almost entirelyenveloped by the inducing-coils B There will still .be,xhow'- ever,.some current developed in the coilspassingbetween the poles'ofthe field-magnets-by the action of the field=magnets thereon, .and:these currents being in an: opposite direction from .the'currents induced by the induction coil will tend to diminish the desired magn'etizingeftect. This will not amount tirely inactive condition- This may beac-v complished in many diiterent waysf0r ex ample, as indicated in Fig. 10. where the:

coils'm are each provided with a free' termi nalQ, provided with a" contact device or? b'rushq, the other extremities of all'the coils beingconnectedtoand united by'aiconductor- R; Fixed segments R R are arrang'e'dtoen gage and thereby connect in multiple'arc' the' terminals q of the coils on each side of' the armature which are under the influence of the induction-coil E but not to engage the terminals of the coilspassing under'the infiu'ence of the poles of'the'field-magnet, they being open-circuited and entirely inactive. Thesegments R R are electrically connected by conducting-strips 4' 'r, and currents-induced inthe coils under the influence ot the induction-coil on one side of the armature flow in multiple-arc to'the segment-Rater ex ample, thence by conductors-r r to the seg men-t-R,thence bythe terminals-q of the-com responding coil-supon that sideof-= the arm-ature and out of said coils-into th'econductor" R, and bysaidconducto-r to the 'innerterminals-of 'thecoils upon the-opposite-side of the armature, substantially as indicated by the arrows. Any kind of commutation will answer, the form shown being by way of illustration.

As indicated in'Figs: 9'a-nd10, the arma tu-re-shaf-t S is provided'with a hub S, from whichextend non-metallic spokes or arms 'I,

which being mechanically attached to the core N between the coils m or n, form astrong and symmetrical support therefor.

Having described myinventiOn, What- I. claim, and desire to secure by LettersPatent,

1. An electro-dynamic :motor for'alte mat ing or pulsating currentacomprising a'vvi'rewound armature,'an e-lectro-magnetic system surrounding the armature,for producingmagnetizing-currentsth'erein by-induction, thereby establishing poles in said armature, andafield-magnet arranged to react upon-the armature-poles produced by the induction system.

2. An electro-dynam-ic motor for alternating or pulsating currents, comprising a wire- Wound armature and aseparate stationary electro-inagnetic system surroundingthe armature, tor producing magn'etizingecurrents therein by-in'ductio-n and thereby establish ing poles in said armature, and afield-magnet arranged to react upon the poles of the armature produced bythe said induction-system.

3. An electro-dyna-micmotor-for alternat ing or pulsating currents comprising a wirewound armature and a surrounding induction-coil for producing currents therein by induction to form poles of dissimilar nameon opposite sides of the armature, andaiieldmagnet for reacting upon=the poles so produced in the armature, substantially-as described.

4. An electrodynam-io motor for alternating or pulsatingcurrents,comprising.awire Wound armature, a stationary induction-coil surrounding and inducing. magnetizing-currents in the-armature to produce polarities of. opposite name 'in' said armature and at right angles to the line of the axis ol'the magnetizing-coils, and suitable field-magnets reacting upon the armature at an angle to the poles produced by the said induction system, substantially as described.

ing or pulsating currents, comprising a wirewound armature haying one or more closed cireuits,a surroundingstationary coil or coils inducing inagnetizing-currents in the armature, and a suitable field-magnetfor reacting upon the armature-poles produced by the stationary coil or coils.

6. An electro-dynamic motor comprising a wire-wound armature, means for connecting the armature conductor into one or more circuits, a surrounding stationary coil inducing magnetizingcurrents in the armature, and a fie1d-magnet reacting upon the poles of the armature.

7. In an eleetrodynamie motor and armature wound with circuits closed upon themselves, an exterior coil for inducing magnetizing-currents therein, a field-magnet for reacting upon the poles of the armature, produced by the currents inducedtherein by the stationary coil, and. means for shifting and adjusting the polar line or lines of the armature with respect to the poles of the lieldmagnets, desired.

8. In an electro-t'lynamic motor, a wirewound armature connected to form one or more closed circuits, and a non-rotating adj ustable electro-magnetic system surrounding and induein g magnetizing-currents in the armature-conductor to form poles therein upon i i l 1 11. In an. electrowlylntmic motor, a wirewountl armature comprising one or more closed circuits, a stationary field-magnet acting upon the armature and energized by intermittent, pulsating, or alternating currents, a. An electro-dynamic motor for alternatthe line of the magnetic axis of the inducing system, and a suitable field-magnet.

9. In an electro-dynamic motor, a wire- Wound armature connected to form one or more closed circuits, a stationary field-magnet l'or reacting thereon, and a non-rotating coil ad j ust-able with respect to the poles of the fieldmagnets and acting inductively upon the armature-conductor to produce magnetizingcurrents the. ein and establish armaturepoles upon the line of its magnetic axis.

10. In an electro-dynamie motor, a wirewound armature comprising one or more closed circuits, a field-magnet for reacting upon poles in the armature, and separate means, comprising an induction coil or coils surrounding the armature, for inducing interrupted magnetizing-currents in the circuit or circuits of the armature-eonductor,

and separate means for inducing magnetizing-currents in the circuit or circuits of the armature, comprising a coil or coils surrounding the same and acting under the influence of the supply-currents.

12. In an electro-dynamic motor, the combination of a wire-wound armature comprising one or more closed circuits, a stationary field-magnet therefor, means for controlling the phase of current therein, and a coil or coils exterior to the armature-conductor and acting thereon to produce magnetizing-min rents by induction,

13. An electro-dynamic motor comprising a wire-wound armature having one or more closed circuits therein, a stationary field-magnet and an exterior coil or coils acting inductively upon the aruiattire-conductor to produce magnetizing-curreuts in the armature-circuits, and adjustable means for controlling the iiow or phase of current in the in ducing-coils.

14. In an eleetrodynamic motor, a wire Wound armature comprising one or more closed circuits, a stationary field-magnet therefor, means for regulating the flow or phase of currentin the coils thereof, an exterior coil or coils acting inductively upon the armature and producing magnetizing-currents therein, and means for regulating the flow and phase of current in the said coils with respect to the fieldmagnet circuit.

15. In an electric motor, an armature Wound with circuits closed upon themselves, a stationary coil acting inductively upon the armature, a field-magnet for said armature, a divided alternating circuit placed, respectively, upon the induction system and the field-magnets and supplied with currents of alternating polarity, and means for regulating the phases of current in the several circuits.

In testimony whereof I hereto aliix my sig nature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES J, VAN DEPOELE \Vitncsses:

J. W. GIBBONEY, CHARLES L. OEUNSNER,

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