US443628A - Fountain-pen - Google Patents

Description

sheets-sheet 1.

(No Model.)`

L. A. SHAYTTUCK.

FOUNTAIN PEN.

A Patented Dec.

Tn: Nonms' Penses co., mow-uma, wAsmNa'raN. v. c.

(No Model.)

' 2 sheets-'sheet 2. L. A. SHATTUCK. Y

FOUNTAIN PEN.

No. 443,628. Patented Def. so, 1890.

@errno Frames .Farnjiar ertoe).

FOUNTAIN=PEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 443,628, dated December 30, 1890.

Application tiled September 26, 1889. Serial No. 325,170. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that l, Lnnonnsr A. SHATTUCK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bloomsburg, in the county of Columbia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fountain- Pens; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to a fountain-pen which is organized with an annular ink-Weir or suspensionpassage open to the air in the forward end of the nozzle, wherein ink is allowed to acciii'nulate,and by means chieliy of adhesive attraction this inicclioked passage furnishes support for the main column ofink in the reservoir; and 'it consists, first, in an improved combination wherein a longitudinally-adjustable ink an d air governing device in the form of an ink attraction or suspension rod is adjusted within the case or holder, with its anterior reduced portion suspended intermediate of the walls of the air-exposed passage of the nozzle, forming forward of the heel of the pen an annular suspension-passage or inlL-weir and having its forward end projecting loosely through the air-exposed end of said passage, forming an annular airegress passage, said combination .furnishing a novel means for supporting the main column of ink within the fount, and also preventing the precipitation of ink, as is liable to occur in peus having an open air-vent without the presence of this governing device; second, in an improved ink-conduit whereby by means of an eccentrically-disposed inkpassage through it a deeper space maybe obtained for the adjustment of the feed bar and for an air-space or repulsion-chamber above the pen and feed-bar at the front of the nozzie; third, in the combination of said cond uit with said governing device frictionally adjusted therein, so as to subdivide the inkpassage at the upper end of the nozzle, whereby a circulatory system is established, which obviates the necessity and expense of extending the feed-bar into the reservior, and, furthermore, by the forward free end of the governor nearly closing the open end of the conduit beneaththe pen an increased amount of adhesive-attraction surface is furnished, whereby I secure a more even ink-sustaining force and admit only sufiicient air for perfect automatic action; fourth,in an improved nozzle whereby greater ease in unscrcwing it from the reservoir is obtained, a finger-stop secured for preventing the fingers sliding forward onto the pen, and means provided for a chamber above the feed-bar lip; iifth, in an improvement to the reservoir, wherebyT a filling-conductor is provided; sixth, in an improved pen-cap, whereby greater ease in re' moving the same from the case is secured, as well other advantages hereinafter more fully set forth; seventh, in au improved arrangement of ink-passages, whereby I secure a circulatory system by means of two or more distinct passages communicating rearwardly with the feed-supply at the rear of the nozzle, but all converging forward into one common annular passage or chamber immediately in rear of the heel of the pen, which furnishes a safeguard against the backward pressure of air, forcing the ink out of feeding power to the pen, and, eighth, in other novel features, as will appear in the specification.

Referring to the drawings, Figure lisa central vertical longitudinal sect-ion of my inventionin one form of its embodiment. Fig. 2 is another way of applying the principle employed in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is another way of employing the same principle in the construction of the nozzle. Figs. 4 and 5 are transverse sections taken respectively,at the lines o v and 1U wot'Fig. 1. Figs. 6and7are similar sections of Fig. 2, taken, respectively, at the lines a; and y y. Figs. 8 and 9 are similar sections of Fig. 3, taken, respectively, at the lines e z and e" e. Fig. D* is a sect-ion similar to Fig. 9, except that the passage in the conduit is concentric instead of eccentric. Fig. 10 is aperspective view of the ink and air governor in Fig. l, and Fig. l1 is a rear end View of the said governor. 12 is a perspective view of the form of governor shown in Fig. 2. Fig, l3 is a perspective view of a governor and iiliing-conductor-formed in one piece, as shown in Fig. Fig. 1e is a perspective View of the ink-conduit. Fig. l5 is a perspective vieW of the feed-bar. Fig. 16 is another perspective view of the conduit slightly changed, as in Fig. 2. Fig. 17 is a perspective view of IOO the conduit and feed-bar formed in onepieee, as shown in Fig. Fig. 1S is a central horizontal longitudinal section of the pen-shielding cap, showing one manner of forming it with index'bar and pencil-holder. Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the device shown iu Fig. 1S. Fig. 2O is a similar section to Fig. 18, showing' the device represented in Figs. TIS and l) slightly changed. Fig. 2l is a detail view of theindex eross-barshownin Figs. 1S, 19, and Fig. 22 is a'view of the cap with the pencil-socket end left off and the cross-bar secured by a fixed nut which takes its place. Fig. 22" is a cross-section in the thread in the open end of the rese1.voirsection, as shown. The `forward end of this nozzle novel in so far that I provide a raised band, abrupt re-enforcement, ridge, or molding fr, on its periphery for a finger-stop to prevent the lingers sliding forward upon the feedbar and pen, as they are liable todo wit-hout some such protection. This linger-guard molding is preferably formed integral with the nozzle, but may be in the form of a metal ring adjusted to the nose of the nozzle. AtI the forward end of the seat@Al of the eap on the nozzle and separated from groove d8 I provide an auxiliary friel'ional line .f In of Fig. 1S, and Fig. 2i is a crossseetion in the liney y of Fig.

I deem the construction of fountain-pens wherein atmospheric pressure is employed as the chief support of the inkas extremely unreliable, as in such pens the main column of ink is directly exposed to the atmosphere by having an open and unobstructed passage at the mouth of the nozzle beneath the pen. The objection to this is the uneven support of unaided air-pressu re, which frequently permits precipitation of the ink through the airpassage when suddenly inverting the pen to write, and when iirst iilled, and when the t'ount is nearly empty. There is also great liability to bleeding` from the pen-so much so that such pens cannotbe used with safety upon a set of books.

In my various patents on fountailrpens, numbered fltLOllfl, 40250;, and 403,225, I made use of a different principle of ink-support than that.nowadopled in this application. I heretofore employed a stopper having an independent air-passage, whereby air is introduced into the ink-chamber at a point in rear of the heel of the pen. In my present case the air may be admitted through the ink-passage at its air-exposed end, and by the aid of a combined ink and air governing device in the form ol' an ink attraction or suspension rod passed threilgh the main ink-passage of the nozzle and suspended within and inter mediate of the walls thereof to a point forward of or flush with its open mouth I change the main support of the ink from air-pressure, so called, to adhesive attraction, as will be more fully deseribed.

Referring to the drawings, A is the reservoir-section ol' the ease or holder, of ordinary molding u. to Vinsure greater hold for the tingers when unserewingthenozzle. \Vilhin the nose of the nozzle I preferably form a right angle shoulder by a counterbore at l), Figs. 3 and 8, to an extent nearly corresponding to the thickness of the re-enforeemcnt a, in order to secure a deeper repulsion-ehamber d? above the pen and the 'feed-bar in the nose of the nozzle, which enables me to make use of capillary repulsion in holding the ink back and keeping the front end of the nozzle clean. The bore of the nozzle in rear of the conduit may be of the saine diameter as that. of the conduit, or be made smaller, if desired.

',lhe conduit l5 (shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, l-i, 1(5,and 17) is in cylindrical forni and designed to iit closely within the forward end of the nozzle. It has normally one common passage through it, which is divided at its `front end, when the pen U" is in place,into the passages o if?, that if? being for the egress of `ink and that o for the passage of an arljustable governing-rod, the suspension of ink, and the egress of air. The passage, which is thus divided forward of the heel of the pmi, is pref erably eceentrieally disposed on the lower side of the axis of the fountain-pen proper,so as to enable me to adjust the pen more properly in line with the central axis of the holder and to give me a deeper airspace at u? between the feed-bar lip at its rearendand wall of the nozzle at its front end, and thus preventing iuk worl-:iug up upon the upper lip of the nozzle. Aeross the forward end of the conduit above the passage h I eut a transverse pen seat or slot r, conforming to the shape of the pen and deep enough to form a proper support for the pen when forming a feed-bar integral with the conduit, as shown eonstructiml, except that it has a filling-con` duetor in the form of a slender rod A', secured in theelosed end and centrallyarranged within the iuk-ehamber- This rod is not essential to the working of the pen, except when employed as a direct support to the governor hereinafter described; but it is found useful when filling the reservoir, as the ink will adhere to and travel down this rod, and the spattering of ink from the backward flow of the air is thereby prevented.

B is the nozzle-section of the case, having at its rear end a serew-tln'eaded portion adapted to register with a corresptmding in Figs. i and i7; or the pen may be seated as in the manner shown in Figs. l, 2, Il, and 1li when forming the feed-barseparable. The upper lip d in Figs. l and Hf are cut down quite thin,leavingashoulder ),against which the feed-bar abuis.

(l is the feed-bar. It has a thick base eurvilinear in form and adapted to it the space above the lip d and abut against theshoulder e. At a point even with the under lip tl' I cut the feed-bar down, forming a shoulder c point or lip expen to near its and leaving a thin tapering tending along back of the point. The shoulder e, being' adjusted in- IOO IlO

ward beyond the shoulder b, leaves an angular chamber a2 above the feed-barlip between its rear end and upper wall of the nozzle, by which means capillary repulsion will keep any accumulation of ink at this point from working over the point of the nozzle. It is found in practice that an angular air-chamber at. the mouth of the nozzle holds any accidental accumulation of ink at this point back better than if constructed bell-shaped, as in some known constructions. The under or pen surface of this bar is provided with a suitable ink-channel longitudinally out to a point immediatelyiu the rear of the slit in the pen; but from this point to its terminus it is made to rest tlat on the pen-nib, so as to hold the ink. This feedebar groove or channel forms with the pen an inelosed continuation of the conduit, so that ink may readily gravitate to the nibs of the pen. I consider this an advantage over a continuous groove or a continuous iiat surface, as the ink,being imprisoned immediately in the rear of the pens nibs, will not work through the pen-slit to the bottom of the pen in quantities suftcient to drop. This method of confining a quantity of ink so near the nibs insures prompt response to a heavy or light downward stroke with the pen.

D is the combined ink and air governor, At its upper end it may be made angular and of sufficient size to 'tit snugly within the upper end of the main ink-passage and is held in position by the angular points inipinging against the walls of the passage in such inanner as to divide said ink-passage at or near the rear end of the nozzle into two or more distinct passages, as e3, for ink and air, said passages, however, converging into one annular chamber, as b3, near the heel of the pen, by reason ot' the governor being lnade from this point forward to conform in crosssection to but of less diameter than the ink and air passage, through which it passes. From its shoulders or frictional retainingpoints c2 forward to its point it is made slightly tapering longitudinally and preferably round or elliptical in cross-section, so that where it passes through thc air-exposed end of the ink-sustaining passage b beneath the pen, which l term an ink-wcir,7 it will be suspended loosely therein and separated from the walls of said passage by a thin an nular space around it., which space, as the air is forced out, will be lilled with a thin film of ink when the pen isinverted to write, and by reason of theattraction existing between the ink and the walls of the passage b and the surfaces of the governor suspended therein at this point is sufficient to sustain the downward pressure of the main column of ink, and thereby prevent sudden precipitation of the ink through the air-ex posed passage, as would be liable to occur without this governor D. Furthermore, as the air can only enter in very small bubbles to compensate for the expenditure of ink in writing, no bleeding can take place in the pen-point, there being sufficient attraction between the ink and the pen and feed-bar to support what ink passes over the peu. The lower end of the governor is preferably made to project slightly beyond the air-exposed end of the passage in which it is adjusted, or at least be f ully tiush with it, as by this construction l secure a greater de gree of capillary repulsion as an aid to adhesive attraction in overcoming gravity, and thereby more successfully carry out the prina ciple of my invention; but while having regard to this special construction and arrangement provision is made for adjusting the governor longitudinally, so as to give a greater or less feeding power by increasing or decreasing the ink-passage and by controlling the air-entrance to adapt the pen to the difterentgrades of ink used and styles of penman- Ship.

ln Figs. l, 5, l0, and ll l have shown the governor having four grooved sides at its upper end, which when the governor is adjusted in the nozzle serve with the nozzle to form four small triangular longitudinal passages for ink and air to pass through, these pas sages converging forward into one common passage or chamber lf; at or near the heel of the pen. It is not essential to have more than two distinct passages c3, and consequently but two sides, top and bottom, of the governor might be grooved, and the top side in such case is preferably grooved as far forward as the heel of the pen in order to furnish a contin nous communication with the passage b2 to and over the pen. I sometimes extend this top groove clear to the forward point of the governor, and thereby furnish an increased retaining-surface for ink, and, furthermore, radial grooves n'iight be cut in the lower end of the governor.

In Figs. 2, 7, and l2 l have shown the governor attached to ashort cylindrical tube or button D', having four grooves, and this cylindriealtuhe by impingement against the walls of the nozzle holds the governorin place. The governor might be formed like a flat watchkey without any grooves, as its broad portion would iinpinge against the side walls of the ink-passage, leaving a passage above and below to create a circulation.

ln Fig. 3 l have shown the governorD and the filling-conductor A constructed in one piece, as A, held by a grooved button D2, having its frictional hold at the Lipper endof the in k-chamber in the reservoir and grooved on its periphery for the iiow of inkback and forth through it, and thereby provide for longitudinal adjustment; or the device A2 might be secured in the same manner as the fillingconductor shown in Fig. lis secured. In this case Iform an additional passage through the rear end of the nozzle to create a circulation bygrooving either the tubel) or the rear end ot' the conduit at some suitable point on their outer periphery, said groove extending forward to a point at or near the heel of the pen IOO IIO

and there cominu'nicating with the main passage of the conduit, as shown. \Vhen forming the filling-conductor A and governor in one piece, having its frictioual hold within the reservoir and its tree end projecting beneath the pen, I make the passage through the tubeDslightly larger than the governor end ot the rod in order to provide for the easy removal of the tube along with the nozzle, as shown in Fig. Si. It is evident that the governor may be formed integral with the tube D', in form similar to the conduit and feedbar shown in Fig. Si, and grooved on its periphery. In this case the conductor need not extend so far forward as in Fig. 3.

It is immaterial how the governor is coustructed in detail so long as it is longitudi nally adjustable and its t'ree end adjusted intermediate of the wallsI of the ink-passage forming an annular ink-weir, as b, forward ot' the heel of the pen. I lind it much better to have two or more distinct passages, as c c3, in the manner I have described, in the rear end ot the nozzle, and said passages to converge t'orward into one main passage or chamber hi, as thereby I establish a circula tion, which obviatcs thc necessity tor and expense ot an inl -conducting extension into the fecd-sul'iply. It also furnishes a safeguard against the air which has entered through the ink-passage forcing the ink too far back,as said air will readily escape to the reservoir through one passage, while the inl; passes down through another.

It will be seen that my feed-bar C does not extend to or into the iced-supply, (see liigs. l, 2, and 3,) as I do not require capillary attraction to draw the inl; down. For greater convenience l sometimes form the feed-bar integral with the upper lip of the conduit, as shown at C in Figs, $5, S, and I7. In many fountain-pens the ink is conveyed to the pen partly by capillary attraction; but in my herein-dcscriliicd device direct passage to the nibs ot' the pen is provided, and the ink is precipitated to the pen-point by gravity and prevented from dropping at the t'ront ot' the nozzle mainly by that cohesive power existing between solids and liquids known as adhesive attract-ion."

In Figs. IR, lil, 2U, and 2il have shown the pen-cap lil formed with a longitudinal air groove in in the inner periphery, and in Fig. 22; two such grooves are shown, said groove or grooves extending' from the open end of the cap a suitable distance inward, so that almost immediately on starting to remove the cap IC from the nozzle air shall be able to en 1er the cap, and thereby prevent the suction of ink from the nozzle while the cap is being removed. lhis groove also less/ens the diiticulty of removingthe cap from the upper end ot the reservoir hy admitting air as soon as itl is started, and thereby destroying the vacuum and enabling it to be withdrawiii with ease. On the closed end et' this cap a flatsided extension terminated in a round screw-threaded end G', is provided, and on this extension a iiat cross-bar II, having a' rectangular hole through it, is slipped and confined by means oi a nut l'i, said nut bcing either solid, as shown in Fig. 22, or formed with a cylindrical soclteted portion H2, adapted to serve as a lead-pencil holder, as shown in Iiigs. IS, 19, 20, and 23.

The cross-bar II serves as an index and guard, and, being ot greater length than the diameter of the cap, forms Finger projections whereby to pull the cap from oft the nozzle or upper end oi' the reservoir, said projection also prevent-ing the pen from rolling when rest-ing on a desk, and also serving as an index for insuring the placing ofthe pen .right side up in the pocket.

The erossbar l-l might be made integral with the nut, as shown in Fig. 20, in which case the screw-Fastening stem G2 ot the combined cross-bar and pencil-holder will enter into the threaded socket. in the closed end portion of the cap, as shown in said ligure.

It is a great convenience to have a pencilholder attached to the cap ot' a fountain-pen, as both pen and pencil are united in a single writing implement. In order to avoid wealtening the nozzle end oi' the pen-cap by eut ting the air-vent groove in, I use a material slightly thicker than that usually employed, or if two or more grooves are made use ol", as in Fig. 23, they may be made so shallow as not to interfere with the strength ol the cap. I sometimes re-entoree the cap, as at a, Fig. 22, from its open end as far back as the grooves are cut, and this re-enforced portion I preferably form octagonal, as more plainly shown in Fig. 2i.

'lhe operation ot' the pen is exceedingly simple. lThen inverted for writing, the ink in the reservoir is precipitated forward by gravity, its too rapid descent being checked in part by its adhesion to the iilling-conductor within the reservoir and the governor within the nozzle. The ink within the nozzle passes around the governor through the channels c into the annular chamber h3, and thence over the peu through the ink-channel b2 along the pcirsurtace to the point ot' the feed-bar, where further progress is prevented by adhesive attraction. Snliicient inl; also passes'down around the governor to till the in lt-weir or thin annular passage b beneath the pen to furnish by means ot' adhesive attraction at that point, aided by capillary repulsion at its open mouth, sutlicient support to sustain the main column of ink and prevent its precipitation through the air-exposed end of said inl-wcir when air enters to compensate for the expenditure of ink. The governor also controls the ingress ot' air, which in pens constructed on the principle ot' ai r-pressnre support for the ink is liable to enter in too large quantities. The importance ot leaving the ink-Weir beneath the pen open by an annular mouth for air-exit should not be overlooked, as by this means when inverting the pen to IOO write ink will force the air in the nozzle through the passage readily, thus enabling the ink to reach the pen-point promptly. I iind that when a ready means for air-escape is not provided ink will either be held out of feeding power to the pen or be forced out around the penl and into the pen-cap and upon the nozzle. In my device I overcome all difculties of this character by means of the airexposed end of the ink-Weir; but the primary object of leaving the passage b open is to provide for the forward and backward movement through it of the tapering point of the governor, and as the month of said passage is of less diameter than the main ink-passage the external mouth of the ink-Weir may be closed and the flow of ink decreased whenever a slow-feeding pen is desired. In my patents on fountain-pens, numbered 390,039 and 402,864, I regulated the flow of ink to the extent of producing two pensin one by means of an independent air-vent and by the feedbars made adjustable for a double or single feed; but in my present device I regulate the supply of ink by a governing-rod formed independent of the feed-bar, by which arrangement I produce a writing implement which does the work of several pens with a single feed-bar and without a special air-vent. As my ink and air governor, whether having its frictional hold within the nozzle or reservoir, is applicable to under-feed pens as well as to those having a bar passed through the writing-pen,'I do not confine my application of said governor to the special arrangement ot' feed-bar herein shown. Furthermore, as my improved nozzle having two or more distinct passages at its rear end all converging into one passage immediately in rear of the heel of the pen, whereby a circulatory system is established, is applicable to other constructions of pens, Ido not wish to confine myself to the special construction herein described. As my principle of a governor passed through the ink-passage is applicable to pens organized with an air-exposed passage above the pen instead of beneath, I do not confine its application tothe special arrangement shown. It is also evident that my governing device when formed separable from t-he reservoir conducting-rod may be extended rearward, so as to project from the rear end of the nozzle if found desirable to so construct it, providing its forward end is kept flush with or projecting through the front end of the conduit.

I contemplate applying my ink-suspension rod or governor as au attachment to fountainpens constructed with an open and unprotected passage in the nozzle end, as it effectually overcomes one of the worst objections to such pens.

In my pen my governor is not a feed-bar, but in effect a longitudinally-ad j ustable valve independent of the pen-seat or pen, it always providing an annular passage between itself and the pen and walls of the ink-passage, and, not being a feed-bar, the pen works independently of it, whereas in known constructions the pen will not feed withoutihe aid of a rod or stick or other analogous device operating in conjunction with it. My pen does not work by manual force upon an elastic nozzle, but feeds by gravity, and the governor is employed to suspend the ink and prevent its discharge from an open nozzle. My governor also controls the flow of ink by regulating the admission of air, while in other constructions p no such purpose is fulfilled.

In my pen the tapering annular passage b suspends the ink and graduates the feed, longitudinal adjustment being provided for, and thus my pen operates on a different plan from the pens heretofore devised.

l. A fountain-pen comprising in its construction a filling-conductor, a conduit B', having an air and ink passage, and a governing device having grooves or channels in communication with said air and ink passage, substantially as described.

The combination of afeed-bar, a conduit, as B', having an air and ink passage, a governor independentl of the feed-bar dividing said passage into two or more independent passages in rear of the heel of the pen, a nozzle, and an ink-reservoir, substantially as described.

3. A fountain-pen comprising in its construction a shouldered feed-bar bearing upon the nibs of the pen, a shouldered conduit, and a channeled governor device suspended in the ink and air passage of the nozzle, substantially as described.

4. A fountain-pen provided with a channeled feed-bar bearing upon the nibs of the pen, forming an inclosed ink-channel whereby the ink is fed by gravity, and a non-elastic nozzle having two or more distinct passages at its rear end, said passages converging forward into one annular passage near the heel of the pen, whereby a circulatory system is established within said nozzle, substantially as described.

5. In a fountain-pen, in combination, a reservoir, a nozzle, a feed-bar, a writing-pen, and an ink-suspension rod or ink-governor secured within the case at its upper end and having its forward end suspended intermediate of the walls of the passage beneath the pen, so as to form an annular ink-suspension passage or ink-weir open to the air, substantially as described.

6. In a fountain-pen,substantially as herein described, wherein the ink is mainly sustained by adhesive attraction within an annular nk-weir open to the air, as l1', a feed-bar in contact with the pen.

7. A fountain-pen having a cap provided with an air-groove in rear of its open end and extending to said open end, substantially as described.

S. A fountain-pen provided with a pencilholding socket H2, substantially as described.

9. In a'fountain-pen,substantially asherein IOO IIO

described, wherein the ink is precipitated to the pen-point mainly by gravity, the combination, with a reservoir, a nozzle, a pen, a channeled feed-bar bearing upon the nibs of the pen, and a passage open to the atmosphere, of an adjustable ink-suspension rod or governor independent of the ink-feeding bar and extending a suitable distance into the l`eed-supplyand having an anterior tapering point suspended intermediate of the walls ot'l the nozzle to form forward ot' the heel of the pen an annular ink-Weir for the suspension of ini: and for regulating the feed by the longitudinaladjustment of said governor, all as set forth. Y

lO. A fountain-pen provided with a nonelastic nozzle, an ordinary split-nib writingpen, a feed-bar, and au ink and air governing device having frictional retaining-poi nts, as c2, and channels, as c, substantially as described.

ll. A fountain-pen comprising in its construction a feed-bar, a non-elastic conduit, and a tapered governing device extended through the conduit, or nearly through the same, and held at its rear end by frictional contact-points, as c2, and having ink-channels c through its frictional holding device, and having its forward portion of less diameter than the ink-passage ol the conduit, so as to form an annular iuk-weir, as b', substantially as described.

12. A fountain-pen provided with a channeled feed-bar and a governing-rod independent of said feed-bar secured at its upper end within the ink-chamber, with its forward free end loosely projecting through the ink-passage ot the nozzle to a point forward of the heel oli' the pen, so as to form an annular adhesion-passage or ink-wei r, as 7)', substantially as described.

13. In a iIonntain-pen having aplurality of passages at the rear end ot' the nozzle andan inelosed ink-channel along thepen,the annular passage forward of the heel ot the pen, whereby by means of adhesive attraction between the ink and the walls of said passage and the surface of the governing-rod suspended intermediate thereot' the main coln mn of the ink is sustained and the ingress ot` air controlled, substantially as described.

ll. it fountain-pen comprising in its construction a feed-bar bearing upon the nibs ot' the pen and a governor detach ed from the feed-bar and` extending from the ink-supply a suitable distance into the nozzle end ol the caso, said gtwernoi.' by its peculiar construetion l'orniiing with the said end ol? theease an ink-weil', as o', beneath the pen and open to the atmosphere, substantially as described.

l5. In a reservoir writing implement comprising in its construction a split-nib pen, a feed-bar, a non-collapsible nozzle, and an inksuspension rod or governor passed through the air-exposed passage of the nozzle, forming forward of the heelot the pen an annular passage and having its forward end adapted to increase or decrease said passage b y longitudinal adjustment, substantially as described.

1G. As an attachment to a fountain-pen provided with a feed-bar and having in its nozzle end a passage open tothe atmosi'ihe're, an ink-susiiiension rod or governor, as l), independent of the feed-bar, having its forward end adapted to be passed through said open passage and susygiended intermediate of the walls thereot'l to form an annular ink-well', as h, substantially as described.

17. A fountain-pen provided with a channeled feed-bar and with a passage in its nozzle end open to the atmosphere for the longitudinal adjustment of: a govmning-rod suspended therein independent ofi' said feed-bar, said rod being adapted to form a rearwardlyflaring annular ink-Weir, as b,'t`orward ol' the heel ol' the pen, which maybe increased or decreased to regulate the flow of inl; by longitudinal adjustment, substantially as shown and described.

1S. ln a fountain-pen wherein ink is fed by means of a feed-bar bearing upon the nibs ot' a pen as a safeguard against air forcing ink back out et' feeding power to the pen, a nonelastic nozzle having a plurality of passages communicating rearward independently with the feed-supply and forward with one common passage near the heel of the pen, said plurality ot' passages being secured by thel combination of the nozzle-case and a suitablyformed piece inserted therein, substantially as described.

lil. A fountain-pen comprising in its construction an inelosed ink-channel disposed upon one side ot' the pen, as he, and an annular ink-weii-,as b', adjacent to the pen on the opposite side.

20. A fountain-gen comprising in its organization and construction. an eccentricallydisposed ink-passage in its nozzle, and a 'l'eedbar shouldered as at e', substantially as and .t'or the purposes set forth.

El. it fountain-pen comprising in its construction an. adjustable conduit having an ink-passage eccentrically disposed and a feedbar shouldered as at c', substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

A fountain-pen comprising in its organization and construction an angular rcpulsion-chamber, as of?, secured by adjusting the feed-bar sho u l d er ff inward beyond a rightangled shoulder, as o, formed in the mouth ot' the nozzle, su bstantially as and for the purposes set forth.

225. A fountain-pen provided with a nozzle having an ink-feeding channel on one side of the pen an d a rod disconnected from the feed-bar and having its rear portion extending a suitable distance into the feed-supply and with its forward portion suspended iutermediate of the walls of said nozzle to form an annular passage or chamber, as Z13, communicating at its forward end with said inict'ecding channel and with a passage open to IOO TIO

2G. A pen-shielding` cap for fountain-pens provided with an index cross-bar I-I, substantially as and for the purposes described.

27. In a fountain-pen, in combination, the reservoir A, nozzle B, conduit B, feed-bar C, governor D, and pen C2, all constructed to operate substantially as shown anddescribed.

In testimony whereof I hereunto affix .my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

LAFOREST A. SHATTUCK.

Witnesses:

E. T. FENWIGK, THos. E. Woons.

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