US4386484A - Process and device for collecting rainwater - Google Patents

Process and device for collecting rainwater Download PDF

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Publication number
US4386484A
US4386484A US06/217,682 US21768280A US4386484A US 4386484 A US4386484 A US 4386484A US 21768280 A US21768280 A US 21768280A US 4386484 A US4386484 A US 4386484A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
pipe
water
entrance
downspout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/217,682
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English (en)
Inventor
Joost van Berne
Franciskus H. van Schaick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHAICK FRANCISCUS H VAN
Original Assignee
Curver BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Curver BV filed Critical Curver BV
Assigned to CURVER B.V. reassignment CURVER B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: VAN BERNE, JOOST, VAN SCHAICK, FRANEISKUS H.
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4386484A publication Critical patent/US4386484A/en
Assigned to SCHAICK, FRANCISCUS, H. VAN reassignment SCHAICK, FRANCISCUS, H. VAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CURVER B.V.,
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E03B3/03—Special vessels for collecting or storing rain-water for use in the household, e.g. water-butts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
    • E04D2013/0806—Details of lower end of down pipes, e.g. connection to water disposal system
    • E04D2013/0813—Water diverters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
    • E04D2013/086—Filters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/08—Down pipes; Special clamping means therefor
    • E04D2013/0873—Rain water reservoirs integrated in down pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and device for collecting, storing and draining rainwater for subsequent use as well as for discharging excess quantities of rainwater above the amount desired to be collected.
  • rainwater flowing from roofs is collected by guttering and directed, usually, to a series of downspouts or drainpipes which direct flow to the ground, sewers or sometimes into barrels.
  • the present invention comprises a device which can be installed directly onto downspouts after a section somewhere between the gutter and the discharge and has been removed. With the device in place, rainwater, which initially flows from the gutter down the upper part of the downspout or drain pipe connected to the device of the present invention, thereafter flows into a storage vessel located within the present invention from the bottom thereof.
  • the vessel is provided with an openable and closeable drain to allow water to be removed from that volume collected and water in excess of that predetermined volume is discharged directly to the sewer via an overflow from that storage vessel and the lower part of the downspout.
  • a disadvantage of these known systems is that once water has been collected it sometimes remains in the collection vessel for long periods of time and is not automatically replaced by fresh water the next time rain fall is collected. As a result, the quality of the stored water deteriorates. The quality deteriorates even further due to the fact that as rainwater is collected in an empty or partly filled vessel, the first water collected is the most contaminated with dirt, for instance originating from the roof, while the less contaminated water that follows is discharged off the top of the vessel to the sewer.
  • the present invention provides a process and device for collecting, storing and draining rainwater without these disadvantages.
  • the rainwater can still be collected via a downpipe with the flow being directed into a storage vessel provided with a drain while excess water is discharged to the sewer via an overflow. This is achieved by introducing rain water into the vessel from a point near the bottom and causing water to flow through the vessel from bottom to top with excess water overflowing from near the top so that during collection periods water flows through the vessel continuously.
  • a downpipe is here understood to mean a pipe in which the water moves by gravity and for installation of the present invention has been cut and a segment removed.
  • a through pipe is here meant to be a downpipe possessing a discharge possibility apart from the vessel.
  • a device with a through-pipe is known from Dutch patent application No. 7,711,556, but the process carried out in that device leads to the same disadvantages described above, since the contents of the vessel cannot flow through via the line indicated by 10.
  • the present invention ensures that the amount of fresh rainwater collected and the through-flow of the storage vessel are at all times as large as possible. If the vessel is filled with water contaminated with roof dirt as a result of small showers, or if the vessel has for a long time been entirely or partly filled, the total contents of the vessel will be renewed the next time there is a heavy or prolonged rain. In addition, a purifying activity can take place as the water flowing over the bottom entrains the dirt settled on the bottom to the overflow.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for carrying out the process.
  • This device is comprised of a storage vessel provided with a separate, closeable drain, an inlet opening in the top of the device through which the upper portion of the downspout can be passed, an overflow out of the vessel terminating in a through-pipe leading to the discharge or exit opening of the device and a lower section of the downspout.
  • Water flowing down the downspout is first led to one side of the inlet and then forced into a branch pipe situated further away in the direction of the flow on a side of the device.
  • the branch pipe directs the flow toward the bottom and subsequently into the storage vessel portion of the device at a point adjacent its bottom. Therefore, water flows upwardly through the vessel, out the overflow at the top and into the through-pipe to the lower portion of the downspout.
  • An opening is also provided to direct flow from the inlet directly to the through-pipe, if the branch pipe is clogged, thereby passing the vessel but allowing the flow of water within the drainage system to continue.
  • the device can be incorporated in an existing rainwater discharge circuit, for instance, in a vertical rainwater downspout.
  • the downspout must be cut apart and a section thereof removed.
  • the upper end of the vertical through pipe or the inlet area of the device can be given a sleeve-like form to fit over the downspout, while the lower or discharge end possesses a constricted insert end to fit into the lower portion of the downspout to help assure no leakage occurs following installation of the device in the downspout.
  • the side walls of the vessel can be corrugated.
  • FIG. 1 a diagrammatic side view of the device according to the invention, mounted in a rainwater pipe;
  • FIG. 2 a diagrammatic cross-section of the device constructed as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 a horizontal section along line III--III in FIG. 2.
  • the device is comprised primarily of a main chamber or vessel 10 situated between upper and lower portions of a down spout or drain pipe which portions are respectively indicated at 14 and 15.
  • the vessel is provided with an inlet end 2 and a discharge end 3 which, respectively, fit together with pipe sections 14 and 15 so that rainwater can be received from pipe section 14 and discharged into pipe section 15.
  • the vessel includes a through-pipe section 1 which together with the inlet 2 and the discharge end 3 are positioned generally in line with pipe sections 14 and 15.
  • Overflow rain water from vessel 10 is discharged via outlet 11 provided in the upper portion of the rear wall of vessel 10 directly into through-pipe 1 with flow thereof continuing toward discharge end 3 and downspout portion 15.
  • the overflow outlet 11 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Inlet 2 includes a baffle 4 which together with the opposing side wall of the inlet portion of the device defines an inlet passage 5.
  • branch line or pipe 6 Leading away from inlet passage 5 is a branch line or pipe 6 and due to the presence of baffle 4 and a collection or deflection member 7, positioned beneath passage 5 and approximately in line with baffle 4, flow is initially directed into branch pipe 6.
  • Branch pipe 6 itself terminates adjacent the bottom of vessel 10, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and will deliver rainwater flowing therethrough into vessel 10 through an opening or passage 8 positioned adjacent the bottom 9 of vessel 10. As rain falls, the flow of water will continuously occur through pipe 6, vessel 10 and out through overflow opening 11.
  • a closeable drain device 16 is also provided adjacent the bottom of branch pipe 6 and provides a means for draining out water that has been collected within vessel 10. While vessel 10 includes overflow opening 11, an opening 12 is also defined between the end of member 7 and baffle 4 so that water can flow through the device when the branch line 6 is stopped up or flow through vessel 10 is otherwise impeded.
  • pipe sections 14 and 15 are removably connected, respectively, to inlet 2 and outlet 3 so that the device can be removed, repaired and a new one installed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section of the device according to the preferred embodiment.
  • the form of storage vessel 10, branch pipe 6 and the vertical through pipe 1 are such that a circumscribed imaginary rectangular parallelpiped, can be drawn around them or in that regard see dotted line 19.
  • Branch pipe 6 is positioned along a first and the vertical through pipe 1 is positioned along a second of two diagonally opposite ribs or corners, 20 and 21, respectively.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous if the device is to be mounted on a downspout positioned in a corner formed by two walls, at the corner of a building or precisely on the partition line between two contiguous houses. In the last case, the device can be turned through a 90° angle.
  • the entire device can advantageously be made as an integral one piece unit from a plastic or thermo plastic material using conventional blow-molding techniques.
  • the mold parting line of a split cavity mold can be laid in accordance with the symmetry plane drawn in FIG. 2. Starting from a tubular parison, branch pipe 6 and vertical through pipe 1 can be formed on opposite sides of vessel 10 by pressing together opposite parison walls adjacent ribs or corners 20 and 21, so that the partition walls 17 and 18 are formed. Baffle 4, too can be formed this way.
  • This device is mounted in a vertical rainwater downspout by pushing it up onto pipe section 14 and thereafter lowering it into position on pipe section 15 after part of the downspout has been sawn off leaving sections 14 and 15 and a distance therebetween having a height somewhat smaller than the height of the device.
  • the vertical through pipe 1 When installed, the vertical through pipe 1 will be in line with the downspout while the drain 16 will lie away from the building so that it can readily be operated by a user seeking to drain water collected in vessel 10.
  • the device directly as on accessories in a rainwater discharge circuit. This can, for instance, be the case if an existing downspout is positioned so that mounting of the vertical downpipe section in a line with the pipe will present problems.
  • the total area through which water may flow can be adapted to the existing discharge circuit.
  • the pipe wall on the level of the baffle 4 can be locally widened, as indicated by dotted line 22 in FIG. 2.
  • the device is extremely suitable for collecting and storing small amounts of rainwater, for instance between about 5 and about 20 liters.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US06/217,682 1979-12-19 1980-12-18 Process and device for collecting rainwater Expired - Fee Related US4386484A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7909176A NL7909176A (nl) 1979-12-19 1979-12-19 Regenwaterverzamelaar.
NL7909176 1979-12-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4386484A true US4386484A (en) 1983-06-07

Family

ID=19834351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/217,682 Expired - Fee Related US4386484A (en) 1979-12-19 1980-12-18 Process and device for collecting rainwater

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4386484A (de)
EP (1) EP0031599B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5698571A (de)
AT (1) ATE5491T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1150928A (de)
DE (1) DE3065772D1 (de)
NL (1) NL7909176A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4726151A (en) * 1987-01-06 1988-02-23 Vitale Benedetto A Rain water leader/gutter adaptor
USD326705S (en) 1990-04-04 1992-06-02 Vanden Burg James E Rainwater collector
FR2740857A1 (fr) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-09 Gerard Jean Marc Jacquet Systeme de detection et de protection des fuites d'eau
US6115970A (en) * 1998-04-06 2000-09-12 Daniel V. Wilczynski Gutter trap
US6526699B1 (en) 2001-04-06 2003-03-04 Steve J. Foglio, Sr. Water holding and dispersing apparatus
US20090031625A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Mcavoy Lois M Systems and Methods for Rainwater Collection, Irrigation, and Conservation
US20090178727A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-16 Murphy Stephen A Combination water conservation apparatus and watering bucket with method of use
US20100193046A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2010-08-05 Bryant Matthew Moroder Rain water diverter
US20100212755A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-26 Gear Scott A Water collection and dispersion system and functional landscape architecture
US20110041416A1 (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 Schmidt Matthew L Rainwater diverter
US20110226350A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Christine Dee Russell Rainwater diverter
US20110232766A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Amerimax Home Products, Inc. Apparatus for Harvesting Rainwater
US20110290355A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-01 Soo Teoh Rainwater Regulating System
US20110303307A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2011-12-15 Fiskars Brands, Inc. Apparatus for diverting rainwater
EP2518226A1 (de) 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Amerimax Home Products, Inc. Vorrichtung zum Sammeln von Regenwasser
US20130248016A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Christopher Douglas Blair Apparatus for the collection of rainwater from a downpipe
US9309652B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2016-04-12 Kevin Gordon Mercer Water collection container and lid
US20160102446A1 (en) * 2014-10-08 2016-04-14 DrainCube LLC Water capture device for storage and distribution
US10428528B1 (en) * 2018-03-15 2019-10-01 Dam Buster IP Pty Ltd Overflow device
US11028593B2 (en) 2016-02-19 2021-06-08 Dam Buster Ip Pty Lt, C/O Hack Anderson & Thomas Pty Ltd Side outlet device for a box gutter rainhead
EP4077831A4 (de) * 2019-12-17 2023-12-27 Stormwell Inc. Fallrohrumlenker

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8907823D0 (en) * 1989-04-07 1989-05-24 Rafferty David A Improvements to plumbing apparatus
GB2231907A (en) * 1989-05-26 1990-11-28 Exprocad Services Ltd Rain water collector
GB2241276B (en) * 1990-02-23 1992-12-23 William Miller Gibson Water saver device
GB2243398A (en) * 1990-04-26 1991-10-30 Richard Percival Ireland Device for collecting rainwater
DE9206685U1 (de) * 1992-05-16 1992-08-27 Oldorf, Wolfgang, Dr., 7883 Görwihl Wasserspeicherbehälter
GB2268962B (en) * 1992-07-24 1995-03-29 Timothy Paul Jeffrey Water reservoir
GB2283047B (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-07-12 Timothy Paul Jeffrey Water reservoir
CA2244401C (en) * 1998-07-31 2005-06-21 Dan Chapotelle Rainwater reclamation system
AU2006100536A4 (en) * 2006-06-26 2006-07-27 William Adamson Rainwater irrigation apparatus

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597283A (en) * 1925-08-06 1926-08-24 Murray Francis Thomas Gutter and roof surface
DE2301976A1 (de) * 1973-01-16 1974-07-25 Willy Hirsch Regenwasser-fallrohr u.dgl
DE2751471B1 (de) * 1977-11-18 1979-04-12 Franz Nowotny Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Ableiten der Fluessigkeit aus einem Regenfallrohr o.dgl. in einen Sammelbehaelter
JPS54108927A (en) * 1978-02-15 1979-08-27 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Water collector
DE2822082A1 (de) * 1978-05-20 1979-11-29 Hermann Schaefer Regenwassersammeltrichter mit auslauf zum einbau in regenrinnenabfallrohre

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR634710A (fr) * 1927-05-19 1928-02-24 Perfectionnements aux citernes et à leurs dispositifs de remplissage
NL6705919A (de) * 1967-04-26 1968-10-28
DE2747008A1 (de) * 1976-10-20 1978-04-27 Insulators Ltd Ablenkvorrichtung fuer fallrohre

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1597283A (en) * 1925-08-06 1926-08-24 Murray Francis Thomas Gutter and roof surface
DE2301976A1 (de) * 1973-01-16 1974-07-25 Willy Hirsch Regenwasser-fallrohr u.dgl
DE2751471B1 (de) * 1977-11-18 1979-04-12 Franz Nowotny Vorrichtung zum selbsttaetigen Ableiten der Fluessigkeit aus einem Regenfallrohr o.dgl. in einen Sammelbehaelter
JPS54108927A (en) * 1978-02-15 1979-08-27 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Water collector
DE2822082A1 (de) * 1978-05-20 1979-11-29 Hermann Schaefer Regenwassersammeltrichter mit auslauf zum einbau in regenrinnenabfallrohre

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4726151A (en) * 1987-01-06 1988-02-23 Vitale Benedetto A Rain water leader/gutter adaptor
USD326705S (en) 1990-04-04 1992-06-02 Vanden Burg James E Rainwater collector
FR2740857A1 (fr) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-09 Gerard Jean Marc Jacquet Systeme de detection et de protection des fuites d'eau
WO1997017500A1 (fr) * 1995-11-07 1997-05-15 Jacquet Gerard Systeme de detection et de protection des fuites d'eau
US6115970A (en) * 1998-04-06 2000-09-12 Daniel V. Wilczynski Gutter trap
US6526699B1 (en) 2001-04-06 2003-03-04 Steve J. Foglio, Sr. Water holding and dispersing apparatus
US7779855B2 (en) 2007-07-31 2010-08-24 Lois M. McAvoy Systems and methods for rainwater collection, irrigation, and conservation
US20090031625A1 (en) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Mcavoy Lois M Systems and Methods for Rainwater Collection, Irrigation, and Conservation
US20100193046A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2010-08-05 Bryant Matthew Moroder Rain water diverter
US20090178727A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-16 Murphy Stephen A Combination water conservation apparatus and watering bucket with method of use
US20100212755A1 (en) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-26 Gear Scott A Water collection and dispersion system and functional landscape architecture
US20110303307A1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2011-12-15 Fiskars Brands, Inc. Apparatus for diverting rainwater
US8404110B2 (en) * 2009-04-28 2013-03-26 Fiskars Brands, Inc. Apparatus for diverting rainwater
US20110041416A1 (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-24 Schmidt Matthew L Rainwater diverter
US8528263B2 (en) * 2009-08-21 2013-09-10 Oatey Co. Rainwater diverter
US20110226350A1 (en) * 2010-03-19 2011-09-22 Christine Dee Russell Rainwater diverter
US8438788B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2013-05-14 Euramax International, Inc. Apparatus for harvesting rainwater
US20110232766A1 (en) * 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Amerimax Home Products, Inc. Apparatus for Harvesting Rainwater
US20110290355A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-01 Soo Teoh Rainwater Regulating System
US8517047B2 (en) * 2010-06-01 2013-08-27 Soo Hean Teoh Rainwater regulating system
EP2518226A1 (de) 2011-04-26 2012-10-31 Amerimax Home Products, Inc. Vorrichtung zum Sammeln von Regenwasser
US20130248016A1 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 Christopher Douglas Blair Apparatus for the collection of rainwater from a downpipe
US9309652B2 (en) 2013-05-17 2016-04-12 Kevin Gordon Mercer Water collection container and lid
US20160102446A1 (en) * 2014-10-08 2016-04-14 DrainCube LLC Water capture device for storage and distribution
US9890520B2 (en) * 2014-10-08 2018-02-13 DrainCube LLC Water capture device for storage and distribution
US11028593B2 (en) 2016-02-19 2021-06-08 Dam Buster Ip Pty Lt, C/O Hack Anderson & Thomas Pty Ltd Side outlet device for a box gutter rainhead
US10428528B1 (en) * 2018-03-15 2019-10-01 Dam Buster IP Pty Ltd Overflow device
EP4077831A4 (de) * 2019-12-17 2023-12-27 Stormwell Inc. Fallrohrumlenker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0031599A1 (de) 1981-07-08
DE3065772D1 (en) 1984-01-05
NL7909176A (nl) 1981-07-16
CA1150928A (en) 1983-08-02
JPS5698571A (en) 1981-08-08
JPH0128179B2 (de) 1989-06-01
ATE5491T1 (de) 1983-12-15
EP0031599B1 (de) 1983-11-30

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