US4351797A - Transfer membrane assembly - Google Patents

Transfer membrane assembly Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4351797A
US4351797A US06/198,107 US19810780A US4351797A US 4351797 A US4351797 A US 4351797A US 19810780 A US19810780 A US 19810780A US 4351797 A US4351797 A US 4351797A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
conduit
lines
fluid
sheets
conduits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/198,107
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brian J. Bellhouse
Francis H. Bellhouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4351797A publication Critical patent/US4351797A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/065—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing plate-like or laminated conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
    • B01D61/28—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/087—Single membrane modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06905—Using combined techniques for making the preform
    • B29C49/0691—Using combined techniques for making the preform using sheet like material, e.g. sheet blow-moulding from joined sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/222—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire
    • B29C65/223—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip comprising at least a single heated wire comprising several heated wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/22—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip
    • B29C65/221—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/224—Heated wire resistive ribbon, resistive band or resistive strip characterised by the type of heated wire, resistive ribbon, band or strip being a resistive ribbon, a resistive band or a resistive strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a sinusoidal wave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/439—Joining sheets for making inflated articles without using a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F28F3/14—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels by separating portions of a pair of joined sheets to form channels, e.g. by inflation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/04—Specific sealing means
    • B01D2313/041—Gaskets or O-rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/10—Specific supply elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2022/00—Hollow articles
    • B29L2022/02—Inflatable articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/18—Heat-exchangers or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
    • B29L2031/7532—Artificial members, protheses

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with apparatus for effecting transfer of heat or mass between two fluids, of which at least one is usually a liquid, through a transfer membrane.
  • Such apparatus is used in blood oxygenators, that is artificial lungs, and dialysers, such as artificial kidneys, in which case one fluid is blood, and the other is oxygen or dialysate.
  • blood oxygenators that is artificial lungs
  • dialysers such as artificial kidneys
  • one fluid is blood
  • the other is oxygen or dialysate.
  • the efficiency of the transfer across the membrane is limited by the extent to which the total volume of fluid can be brought into close proximity with the membrane. It is not sufficient to reduce the thickness of the fluid layers, by reducing the thickness of the conduits in which they flow, as this increases undesirably the pressure drop across the apparatus and leads to uneven perfusion and regions of stagnation, which, in the case of blood, provides a danger of thrombosis.
  • the conduit may be defined between two predominently planar surfaces, so that it has an elongate cross section transverse to the general direction of flow through the conduit, at least one of the surfaces then being provided by a membrane in which the requisite hollows are provided by furrowing at least one of the surfaces defining the conduit.
  • the conduit may be tubular, that is essentially axisymmetric with its wall provided by a membrane. Tubular conduits have the advantage of being self supporting and do not require complex moulded support plates. However, they have not been cheap to produce in the numbers required in a typical apparatus.
  • a conduit assembly for use in an apparatus of the kind described comprises two sheets of plastics material, at least one of which is a transfer membrane material, which are sealed together face to face along a number of pairs of sinuous lines extending generally in the same direction alongside one another with the undulations of the lines of each pair of lines out of phase with one another thereby providing, upon inflation of the passageways between the sheets and between each pair of lines, a tubular conduit with longitudinally and substantially regularly spaced hollows with intervening constrictions.
  • the unitary structure comprising the array of conduits may also incorporate fluid inlet and outlet manifolds by providing additional lines of sealing which define between the two sheets spaces communicating with respective ends of the conduits.
  • Inlet and outlet passages to the respective manifold spaces may also be provided between the two sheets by means of further seal lines.
  • a preferred way of leading fluid into or out of at least one of the manifolds is by the provision of a distributor which is sealed to and between the two sheets in the manifold, the distributor having a passage which opens, in use, through at least one of the sheets and into the respective manifold.
  • the distributor In order to keep the interior of the assembly clean, prior to use, it may be manufactured with the distributor between imperforate sheets and a hole cut through at least one of the sheets in alignment with the passage in the distributor immediately prior to use.
  • one or a stack of the unitary assemblies of tubular conduits will be provided within a housing and connected to appropriate pumping arrangements so that one fluid can be pumped through the conduits in parallel with a pulsatile flow and the other fluid will be pumped through the housing around the assembly or assemblies in contact with the transfer membrane material.
  • the second fluid will preferably flow in countercurrent or crosscurrent to the first fluid through the housing.
  • the plastics material from which each of the two sheets of the conduit assembly is made will be of a suitable hygienic grade when the assembly is for use in a medical application.
  • the plastics material will usually be a thermoplastic material, i.e. one which softens upon being heated and then resets upon cooling, such as polypropylene, polyethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the seal lines may then be produced by heat sealing, for example by direct application of a hot die or by an ultrasonic welding tool. Alternatively a solvent weld may be possible.
  • the conduits may be inflated by being filled with a fluid, preferably a liquid, under a pressure sufficient to stretch the sheet material just beyond its elastic limit. After this treatment the tubular conduits adopt a cross section throughout which is substantially circular. It may be possible to carry out the inflation step more quickly using heated air under pressure.
  • the conduits are set in a shape in which the transition between the annular constrictions and hollows is smooth, the conduits are preferably longitudinally stretched, for example by being clamped in a frame, or indeed in the final housing in which they are to be used, during the setting.
  • Some appropriate sheet materials are produced with the facility for stretching more easily in one direction than in the perpendicular direction. It is desirable to use such material with the direction of easier stretching extending substantially parallel to the lengths of the tubular conduits.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan with a cover of the artificial lung removed
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken on the line II--II in FIG. 1 through the artificial lung with the cover in place;
  • FIG. 3 is a section taken on line III--III in FIG. 1 but to a scale larger than that of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the conduit assembly with parts broken away.
  • the illustrated artificial lung has a rectangular housing formed by a cover 10 and base 11 which are of similar shape and which are secured together at their corners by screws 12 which pass through the holes 13 in the cover and screw into tapped holes 14 in the base.
  • a sealing gasket 15 is interposed between the edges of the cover 10 and base 11 to seal a chamber within the housing.
  • the inner surfaces of the cover and base are stepped at 16 so that the chamber within the housing consists of a central portion 17 of greater depth, and, at each end, portions 18 of lesser depth.
  • the cover 10 is provided centrally at each end with a larger opening 19 to which external hoses 20 are coupled, and, at diagonally opposite positions, smaller openings 21 to which external hoses 22 are fitted.
  • the housing contains a conduit assembly 23 in the shape of an elongate octagon.
  • the assembly is formed by two sheets 30 of microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane material of a kind sold under the trade name Gore-tex which are heat sealed together along a number of generally parallel but sinuous lines 24 and along a peripheral octagonal line 25.
  • the lines 24 define between them, and between the two membrane sheets a side by side array of tubular conduits 26 which, when the conduits are expanded, are of circular section and repeatedly increasing and decreasing diameter, thereby providing a series of longitudinally spaced hollows 27 separated by constrictions 28.
  • each conduit 26 in each of its hollows, is substantially 5 mm. and the pitch between adjacent hollows is a similar dimension.
  • the peripheral seal line 25 defines, between the membrane sheets, and in communication with the adjacent ends of the conduits, inlet and outlet manifolds 29 of rhombic shape.
  • a rigid annular distributor 31 made from a plastics material such as polycarbonate, heat sealed to the inner faces of the two membrane sheets.
  • the distributor has a series of radial ports 32 opening into the respective manifold from a central passageway 33 through the distributor.
  • the distributor On one face the distributor has a projecting annular flange 34, in alignment with the passage 33 and extending through a hole in the upper membrane sheet of the conduit assembly into the adjacent passage 19.
  • the hose 20 at the left hand end of the housing as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be connected to a blood supply which is pumped to the artificial lung with a pulsatile flow, for example by means of a unidirectional roller pump in series with a reciprocatory pump.
  • the hose 20 at the right hand end as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be connected to the return blood circuit. Blood will thus flow in through the left hand hose 20, through the left hand distributor 31, and the inlet manifold 29, in parallel through the conduits 26, into the outlet manifold 29 and through the outlet distributor 31 and the right hand outlet hose 20.
  • the blood flows with a mean flow velocity through the conduits 26 but the superimposed reciprocatory component causes the blood alternately to accelerate and decelerate and this sets up eddies B in the hollows 27, as shown in FIG. 4. These promote intimate mixing of the blood and contact between the blood and the transfer membranes.
  • oxygen is pumped in a steady stream through the oxygen inlet hose 22 at the right hand end of the housing as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, essentially diagonally through the housing in contact with the outside of the conduit assembly 23, and out of the oxygen outlet hose 22 at the left hand end of the housing.
  • the oxygen O thus flows partly in crosscurrent and partly in countercurrent to the blood and good transfer occurs through the membrane walls of the conduit assembly 23.
  • the same artificial lung was tested in a live sheep, in veno-venous bypass using cannulae in the external jugular veins.
  • the lung raised the oxygen saturation of the blood from 63% at the inlet to 83% at the outlet, achieving oxygen transfer rates of 226 ml/min.m 2 .
  • the depth of the housing could be increased to accommodate two or more of the conduit assemblies stacked together, in which case the annular flanges 34 on the distributors of the lower assemblies would project up through holes in the lower membrane sheets of the assemblies above and project into and be sealed within the lower ends of the passages 33 of the assemblies above. Single supply and return lines of blood would then be provided for all the assemblies in the stack.
  • the illustrated conduit assembly is produced by cutting two sheets to the appropriate elongate octagonal shape, and placing them face to face on a heat sealing die formed by a number of upstanding metal strips corresponding in shape to the lines 24 and 25.
  • the metal strips are embedded in rubber or asbestos substrate and connected into an electrical heating circuit.
  • the sheets are then covered by a soft pad to press the sandwiched sheets down against the die and heating current is passed through the metal strips in turn.
  • Each pair of sinuous lines require sealing for about 2 to 3 seconds utilizing a power of 170 watts. After all the lines of heat sealing have been set, the assembly is pressurized with water at about 16° C. and a superatmospheric pressure of about 15 psi.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US06/198,107 1978-11-08 1979-11-07 Transfer membrane assembly Expired - Lifetime US4351797A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB7843618 1978-11-08
GB43618/78 1978-11-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4351797A true US4351797A (en) 1982-09-28

Family

ID=10500880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/198,107 Expired - Lifetime US4351797A (en) 1978-11-08 1979-11-07 Transfer membrane assembly

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4351797A (da)
EP (1) EP0025435B1 (da)
JP (1) JPH0122801B2 (da)
DE (1) DE2966800D1 (da)
GB (1) GB2042926B (da)
WO (1) WO1980000920A1 (da)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4556489A (en) * 1983-03-09 1985-12-03 Shiley Incorporated Membrane oxygenator
US4636310A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-01-13 Bellhouse Brian John Transfer membrane apparatus
US4636309A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-01-13 Bellhouse Brian John Transfer membrane apparatus
US4722829A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-02-02 Giter Gregory D Blood oxygenator
US5762870A (en) * 1994-05-06 1998-06-09 Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.P.A. Exchange structure for biomedical equipment
WO1998031529A1 (en) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-23 Hadwaco Ltd. Oy Heat exchange element for a film heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing the same
US20120163999A1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2012-06-28 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump base module and pump system
US20120285671A1 (en) * 2009-11-24 2012-11-15 Johan Siverklev Method of Producing Multiple Channels for Use in a Device for Exchange of Solutes or Heat between Fluid Flows
WO2013026148A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Mcmaster University Artificial placenta
US20230341195A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2023-10-26 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchange device and method for manufacturing heat exchange device

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2911913C2 (de) * 1979-03-27 1986-10-30 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Wärmetauschergruppe zur Aufnahme von Umgebungswärme oder zur Abgabe von Wärme an die Umgebung
GB8628724D0 (en) * 1986-12-02 1987-01-07 Bellhouse Brian John Bioreactor
FI104518B (fi) * 1997-01-23 2000-02-15 Hadwaco Ltd Oy Lämmönsiirtoelementti sekä niistä koostuva lämmönvaihdin
DE102005011471B4 (de) * 2005-03-12 2008-04-10 Melin, Thomas, Prof.Dr.-Ing. Membranvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Membranvorrichtung
DE102008045621A1 (de) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-04 Novalung Gmbh Gastransfervorrichtung und Verwendung einer strukturierten Membran
RU2555103C2 (ru) * 2009-11-24 2015-07-10 Эйр Ту Эйр Свиден Аб Способ изготовления множества каналов для использования в устройстве теплообмена между потоками текучей среды
CA2791488C (en) 2010-03-08 2017-05-23 Arvind Accel Limited Three zone plastic heat exchange element

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3034505A (en) * 1959-02-24 1962-05-15 Bruce J Sobol Fluid circulation system
DE1259362B (de) * 1959-06-29 1968-01-25 Joachim Beushausen Waermetauscher mit plattenartigen Waermetauschwaenden aus leicht biegsamen Kunststoff-Folien
US3511381A (en) * 1967-03-06 1970-05-12 Gambro Ab Dialysis blood distribution grooves
FR2267814A1 (da) * 1974-04-16 1975-11-14 Gambro Ag
GB1442754A (en) * 1972-06-28 1976-07-14 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for and method of effecting heat or mass transfer berween fluids
US3989626A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-11-02 Bentley Laboratories, Inc. Membrane transfer process and apparatus
DE2525480A1 (de) * 1975-06-07 1976-12-23 Artus Feist Im erdreich zu verlegender waermeaustauscher
US4017351A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-04-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company System and device for inflating and sealing air inflated cushioning material
US4111659A (en) * 1974-09-25 1978-09-05 Graeme L. Hammond Mass and heat transfer exchange apparatus
US4173537A (en) * 1977-05-23 1979-11-06 Newhart Earle E Integral artificial kidney unit

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE396887B (sv) * 1976-02-16 1977-10-10 Gambro Ab Anordning for diffusion av emnen mellan tva fluida via semipermeabla membran

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3034505A (en) * 1959-02-24 1962-05-15 Bruce J Sobol Fluid circulation system
DE1259362B (de) * 1959-06-29 1968-01-25 Joachim Beushausen Waermetauscher mit plattenartigen Waermetauschwaenden aus leicht biegsamen Kunststoff-Folien
US3511381A (en) * 1967-03-06 1970-05-12 Gambro Ab Dialysis blood distribution grooves
GB1442754A (en) * 1972-06-28 1976-07-14 Nat Res Dev Apparatus for and method of effecting heat or mass transfer berween fluids
US4075091A (en) * 1972-06-28 1978-02-21 National Research Development Corporation Method for effecting heat or mass transfer
US3989626A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-11-02 Bentley Laboratories, Inc. Membrane transfer process and apparatus
FR2267814A1 (da) * 1974-04-16 1975-11-14 Gambro Ag
US4111659A (en) * 1974-09-25 1978-09-05 Graeme L. Hammond Mass and heat transfer exchange apparatus
DE2525480A1 (de) * 1975-06-07 1976-12-23 Artus Feist Im erdreich zu verlegender waermeaustauscher
US4017351A (en) * 1975-12-24 1977-04-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company System and device for inflating and sealing air inflated cushioning material
US4173537A (en) * 1977-05-23 1979-11-06 Newhart Earle E Integral artificial kidney unit

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4636310A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-01-13 Bellhouse Brian John Transfer membrane apparatus
US4636309A (en) * 1982-12-07 1987-01-13 Bellhouse Brian John Transfer membrane apparatus
US4556489A (en) * 1983-03-09 1985-12-03 Shiley Incorporated Membrane oxygenator
US4722829A (en) * 1986-03-24 1988-02-02 Giter Gregory D Blood oxygenator
US5762870A (en) * 1994-05-06 1998-06-09 Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.P.A. Exchange structure for biomedical equipment
WO1998031529A1 (en) * 1997-01-20 1998-07-23 Hadwaco Ltd. Oy Heat exchange element for a film heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing the same
US6547000B1 (en) 1997-01-20 2003-04-15 Hadwaco Ltd. Oy Heat exchange for a film heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing the same
US20120285671A1 (en) * 2009-11-24 2012-11-15 Johan Siverklev Method of Producing Multiple Channels for Use in a Device for Exchange of Solutes or Heat between Fluid Flows
US9683789B2 (en) * 2009-11-24 2017-06-20 Air To Air Sweden Ab Method of producing multiple channels for use in a device for exchange of solutes or heat between fluid flows
US20120163999A1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2012-06-28 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump base module and pump system
US9062672B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-06-23 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump base module and pump system
US9062673B2 (en) * 2010-10-13 2015-06-23 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump base module and pump system
US9157430B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2015-10-13 Fresenius Kabi Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump module and pump system
US9470220B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2016-10-18 Fresenius Kabu Deutschland Gmbh Pump module, pump base module and pump system
WO2013026148A1 (en) * 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Mcmaster University Artificial placenta
US9492603B2 (en) 2011-08-23 2016-11-15 Mcmaster University Artificial placenta
US20230341195A1 (en) * 2020-07-14 2023-10-26 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchange device and method for manufacturing heat exchange device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2966800D1 (en) 1984-04-19
GB2042926A (en) 1980-10-01
EP0025435A1 (en) 1981-03-25
JPS55500852A (da) 1980-10-30
GB2042926B (en) 1982-12-01
JPH0122801B2 (da) 1989-04-27
EP0025435B1 (en) 1984-03-14
WO1980000920A1 (en) 1980-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4351797A (en) Transfer membrane assembly
US4075091A (en) Method for effecting heat or mass transfer
US4430218A (en) Separating device for fluids, consisting of support plates and cut sections of a semi-permeable diaphragm
US4328102A (en) Membrane apparatus having alternate opposite flow transverse to means flow
WO2002076529A1 (en) Blood processing device
US3631986A (en) Dialyzer
JPH0557871B2 (da)
US3411630A (en) Dialysis device for purifying blood or other liquids
CA1046426A (en) Plate dialyzer with asymmetrically tensioned membrane
US3459310A (en) Membrane fluid diffusion exchange device
US3547271A (en) Membrane fluid diffusion exchange device
US4636310A (en) Transfer membrane apparatus
EP0301022B1 (en) Apparatus for exchanging ions, molecules, gas, liquid and/or heat between fluids
US4357239A (en) Transfer membrane apparatus
US3342719A (en) Ion exchange membrane fabrication
US4383921A (en) Apparatus for heat or mass transfer
CA1098045A (en) Dialyzer casing
GB1146756A (en) Hemodialysis system
US3458048A (en) Dialyzer
GB1592771A (en) Apparatus for heat or mass transfer
CA1252737A (en) Plasmapheresis filtration module
JPH0243528B2 (da)
GB1592772A (en) Apparatus for heat or mass transfer
US4640776A (en) Plasmapheresis filtration module having pressure balancing and sealing means
FI61808B (fi) Anordning foer diffusion av aemnen mellan tvao fluida via semipermeabla membran

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE