US432263A

US432263A - William dilts

Info

Publication number: US432263A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1890-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 1907-07-15

Description

W. DILTS. LADDER.

(No Model.)

'NITED STATES PATENT FFICEQ IVILLIAM DILTS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO FREDRICK WVULFERS, OF SAME PLACE.

LADDER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 432,263, dated July 15, 1890. Application filed July 5, 1887 Serial No. 243,459. (No model.)

To all whont it may concern.-

Beit known that LWILLIAM DILTS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ladders and Trestles; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in ladders and trestles, and especially to extension and adjustable ladders and trestles.

United States Patent No. 359,716, granted to me March 22, 1887, for a step-ladder, sets forth and claims an extension step-ladder having extensions for the upright supports, providing means I for standing the ladder firmly on uneven ground, and where a tongue is formed on one part and a corresponding groove on the other part, which provide means for adjusting the said parts relative to each other.

The object of this invention is to provide similar means for other ladders and trestles as well as to apply the improvements herein claimed to step-ladders.

This invention consists in a tongue made separate from the other parts of the ladder or trestle and of malleable iron or other metal and having the means set forth and claimed for attaching it to either the supporting-upright of a ladder or trestle or to its extension. Malleable iron is preferred for various reasons, among which the most important are less liability to injury or breakage and adaptability to have parts formed thereon which can be bent or otherwise worked into shape by hammering or similar means without danger of injury. These tongues may be made with various means for attaching them to the parts on which they are to be used, and suchtongue may have a rectangular, a dovetail, or other cross-section, according to the design preferred. This tongue is to be secured to the side of an upright or its eX- tension, as hereindescribed, and the other part is to have a groove made in it within which the said tongue is to work. On account of the rounds or rungs being secured in the ladder-uprights it is preferable here,

:as in my above patent for step-ladders, to attach the tongue to the side of the ladder-upright and to make its groove in the extension.

Figure 1 is a front view, and Fig. 2 is a side view, of my ladder adjusted to stand firmly on uneven ground G and rest against a vertical wall W at its upper end; S), the steps, rounds or rungs.

Fig. 3 is a plan, Fig. 4 a bottom, and Fig. 5 a side, view of one modification of my improved ladder-tongue, the tongue here shown having a dovetailed crosssection. Figs. 6, 7, S, and 9 show modifications of details. Figs. 10 and 11 show a tongue made with parallel sides. Figs. 12 and 13 show details. Figs. 14: and 15 show castings and a set-screw or fastening-screw, which may be used with either a straight-sided tongue or one whose sides are dovetailed. Fig. 16 shows the hinged top of a trestle.

The same letters or numbers designate the same parts in the different figures.

Sometimes modifications are designated by different letters or numbers.

Figs. 1 and 2 show the preferable modification of separately-constructed attachable and removable ladder-tongues, and which is shown. separate in Figs. 3, 4:, and 5, and show the preferable arrangement of the tongue and groove.

Figs. 3, 4, and 5 show a tongue having inclined or dovetailed sides o, a head 1, tapered off exteriorly at the end and edges and having square shoulders 7} and flanges or side projections 3, with screw-holes 13 for screws 13, which are used to attach the head end to the side of the ladder-upright 10, Figs. 1 and 2. Similar flanges or projections 3 for screws 13 are placed at the center and lower end of the tongue 11.

Fig? 2 shows the flanges 3 and head 1, made the same width as the upright 10. The outer surfaces of these flanges are even with the back side of the tongue 11, and consequently they must be sunk into corresponding notches 'n in the part 10, as shown in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 5 the central flange 3 is in section through the screw-hole 13.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the tongue 11 is attached to the upright 10, and the groove g, in which it works, is made in the extension 12, as clearly shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, (other forms of grooves being shown in Figs. 12 and 14,) the latter figure showing the end of the upright 10 by dotted line 8, and the groove g, terminating at g some distance from the lower end of the extension, so that the end of the extension may be stronger than if the groove were cut its whole length.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the upper end of the extension 12 has a casting 4 fitted thereon and secured by screws 5 7. This casting is designed to strengthen the end of the extension and prevent its splitting, and also to form a nut for a wing-screw or binding-screw 0, whose end engages the holes 0 in the tongue 11, Fig. 2, and prevents any displacement of the parts of the ladder, the upper end of the casting i being squared to abut against the shoulders i on the tongue-heads 1.

In Figs. 6, 7, and S the dotted line 0 o corresponds with the outer edge of the upright 10 and the dotted line 0 o with the inner edge, and the modifications of tongues there shown have the malleable flanges or projections 11, corresponding in position and function to the flanges 3 in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Here, however, the projections extend so that their parts it between the dotted lines o 0 and 0' 0 can be bent around against the sides of the upright 10, as shown in Fig. 7, and they extend beyond the dotted line 0 0, so that their ends u may be bent around the back side of the upright 10, as shown in Fig. 7.

Fig. 7, in connection with Figs. 1 and 5, plainly shows the dovetailed or inclined sides of the tongue 11.

Fig. 7 shows notches of, which permit sinking the projections 11 out of the way of the extension 12, the same as shown at 02, Figs. -1

In Fig. (i the parts a of the projecand 2. tions 11 are pointed, so that they may be driven into the wood at the back of the upi right 10.

Figs. 9, 10, 11., 11, and 15 show a removable or attachable tongue 15, having straight or parallel sides '0, as shown clearly in Figs. 10

and 14. There the tongue 15 is secured to the upright 10 by means of screws 16. When this modification is used, it is necessary to have some means for holding the

parts

10 and 12 together, and Figs. 11 and 15 show a casting i for the upper end of the extension 12, having extensions which lap behind the back edges of the upright 10, as do the parts it of the projections 11 in Fig. 7.

Figs. 1.4: and 15 show a ladder-casting 19, secured to the lower end of the upright 10 by means of screws 20 and 21, and which embraces both the upright 10 and its extension 12. When such castings as 4 and 19 are used in connection with a rectangular tongue, as 15, Figs. 10, 11,11, and 15, the

parts

10 and 12 may be free to slide upon each each other and yet be securely held together.

In Fig. 9 a modification of the tongue 11 is shown having lugs 17 cast thereon, which can have screw-threads cut at 18 and nuts placed thereon for securing the tongue to the upright 10. The part 17 could be a Wrought nail, whose head could be cast to the tongue 11 and whose end 18 could be pointed, so as to be clinched upon or forced into the wood of the upright 10. The tongue 15 (shown in Figs. 10, 11, 14, and 15) could likewise have such fastenings.

Fig. 12 shows a tongue 22, having ledges 23 at its sides, which arrangement is equivalent to that shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and where the extension 12 can be held to the upright 10 by means of the ledges 23 only; but a casting 2-1 is shown, having its sides 15 embracing both the upright 10 and the extension 12, and having ends t bent behind the corners of the upright 10; but as the device 2et is secured by screws 25 to the extension 12 only the

parts

10 and 12 are free to slide upon each other.

Fig. 13 is a large-sized view showing a crosssection of the straight-sided lug 15, through the center of a hole 0, which is countersunk (as are the holes in all modifications of tongues) and in which the end n of the screw 6 is forced and held by means of the thread S on screw (5 and a nut of some kind secured to the extension 12. These holes 0 may be made in the tongue when it is cast, or they may be subsequently made therein by suit able tools or machinery.

Figs. 2, 3, 6, 8, and 11 show tongues having a central row of countersunk holes for such a fastening device as the screw 6. In Fig. 13 these holes are shown east in one side of the tongue; but they could be made clear through the tongue, if desirable. The screw 6 is shown with a pin end a, which end a is the real device which engages the holes 0, the thread S simply serving as one means for holding the device in engagement. The pin n could be made integral with a spring (as well) or be attached to a spring or other device secured to the casting t or to the upright 12 in a manner adapted to be operated by the hand.

I do not limit myself to any particular arrangement or engaging device for the purpose of retaining the ladder or trestle parts in any desired relative position so long as such device engages recesses (in abroad sense) in the tongue. These attachable and removable tongues are preferably made of malleable iron, and by their use it is plain to see that ordinary ladders or trestles now in use may have these separately-constructed tonguesfastened to their sides and have such extensions as herein described connected therewith, so as to make an extension or adjustable ladder or trestle out of any ordinary ladder or trestle now in use.

In Fig. 10 the top of a trestle is shown. Its

uprights 1O correspond to the uprights 10 of the ladder. The extensions for the trestle, the tongues, and other attachments are of course similar to those for the ladder, and hence need not be shown twice. These trestles are used mostly by plasterers, painters, paper-hangers, and others who use the extension or adjustable ladders.-

I claim- 1. Separately-constructed attachable and removable tongues'for ladders or trestles and having side projections for attaching them to the ladder or trestle, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. Separately-constructed attachable and removable tongues for ladders and trestles and having shouldered heads at their upper ends, in combination with upright extensions having the upper parts adapted to engage and bear against the shoulders on the tongueheads, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. Separatelyconstructed attachable and removable integral metal tongues for ladders and trestles for use between the ladder-upright and its extension and having a central row of recesses or holes for securing a suitable fastening device, as a pin-ended screw, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In ladders and trestles having independent upright-extensions, the combination of one upright, the extension for this upright, a

separately-constructed attachable and removable metal tongue secured to one of the said parts, a corresponding groove in the other part, in which the said tongue is adapted to fit and Work, and a device havinga pin end (or the equivalent) for engaging the tongue, and its other portion engaging or connected to the part having the groove, whereby the said parts may be retained in any desired relative position, substantially as set forth.

5. In a ladder or trestle, the combination 0 the upright, theupright-extension, a separately-constructed attachable and removable metal tongue secured to one of the said parts, a corresponding groove in the other part, in which the said tongue is adapted to fit and work, a casting on the extension, and ascrow working in the said casting and having its end adapted to engage recesses in the tongue, whereby the said parts may be retained in any desired relativeposition,substantially as set forth. g

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM DILTS. Witnesses:

E. P. ROBBINS, \VILLIAM REINHART,