US428443A - Electrical heater - Google Patents
Electrical heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US428443A US428443A US428443DA US428443A US 428443 A US428443 A US 428443A US 428443D A US428443D A US 428443DA US 428443 A US428443 A US 428443A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- fire
- wire
- electrical heater
- jacket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 36
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003467 diminishing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
- H01B7/046—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables attached to objects sunk in bore holes, e.g. well drilling means, well pumps
Definitions
- My invention relates to an improvement in electric heaters, the object thereof being to simplify and perfect the means whereby electricity may be practically employed as a thermal agent; and the invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
- Figure 1 is a horizonal sectional view of my improved electric heater with the outer metal jacket removed.
- Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same, showing the enveloping metallic jacket.
- Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view of a rod or bar of pressed and baked fire-clay, in which the wire is embedded, said wire being ready for incasement in the metallic jacket.
- Fig. t is a side elevation of said rod or bar incased in the metallic jacket and ready for use in the fines of steam-boilers for the purpose of heating or generating steam.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the rectangular form of my improved electric heater.
- I first provide an amount of fire-clay.
- a suitable mold is then taken and filled half full of the fire-clay or of a clay mixture, which in the drawings is indicated by the letter A.
- the wires B are then adjusted in the clay, after which the mold is filled full of the fireclay.
- Said clay is then firmly pressed and consolidated into a firm mass and the block or brick is dried and baked.
- This brick is surrounded with a metallic case or jacket 0, which may be either plain, corrugated, fluted, or otherwise shaped, and is preferably made in two pieces fitting together snugly and firmly and held by screws or bolts or other securing means, as indicated in Fig. 2.
- the metallic jacket incases the fire-clay and holds it tightly.
- FIGs. 3 and at I have shown a modification of my improved electric heater, it being made in the form of a cylindrical rod or bar, instead of in the rectangular form, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 5.
- A denotes in Figs. 3 and at the mass of fire-clay, which is dried and baked hard, having the conductors l3 running longitudinally through it, said mass of clay A being surrounded and held within the oylindrical metallic jacket 0.
- This form of heater is especially adapted for insertion into the flues of steam-boilers for the purpose of heating or generating steam.
- the clay brick possesses this quality as a non-conductor of electricity, and possesses also the further superior quality as a conductor of heat, it will be clear to those versed in the art that the heat generated by the passage of the electric current through the embedded wire will be absorbed more readily by the enveloping clay mass and that the least possible amount of electricity will be lost, thus reducing to a minimum the amount of electric current used, as well as diminishing the liability to accident from the fusion of the wire, which often occurs when a too heavy or an uneven current passes over the same.
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
J. I. ASHBAUGH.
ELECTRICAL HEATER.
m D WW0 i WWWWW 2 m L WW 0 0 WWW/WW7 m z j 2 j J W W.
MW v ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE.
JOHN I. ASHBAUGllxOF CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE.
ELECTRICAL H EATER.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 428,443, dated May 20, 1890.
Application filed October 21, 1889. Serial No. 327,676. (No model.)
To all whom, it may concern:
Be it known that I, JOHN I. ASHBAUGH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chattanooga, in the county of Hamilton and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Heaters; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to an improvement in electric heaters, the object thereof being to simplify and perfect the means whereby electricity may be practically employed as a thermal agent; and the invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, substantially as will be hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure 1 is a horizonal sectional view of my improved electric heater with the outer metal jacket removed. Fig. 2 is a transverse section of the same, showing the enveloping metallic jacket. Fig. 3 is a sectional perspective view of a rod or bar of pressed and baked fire-clay, in which the wire is embedded, said wire being ready for incasement in the metallic jacket. Fig. tis a side elevation of said rod or bar incased in the metallic jacket and ready for use in the fines of steam-boilers for the purpose of heating or generating steam. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the rectangular form of my improved electric heater.
Like letters of reference designate like parts throughout the diiferent figures.
In carrying my invention into practical effect I first provide an amount of fire-clay. A suitable mold is then taken and filled half full of the fire-clay or of a clay mixture, which in the drawings is indicated by the letter A. The wires B are then adjusted in the clay, after which the mold is filled full of the fireclay. Said clay is then firmly pressed and consolidated into a firm mass and the block or brick is dried and baked. This brick is surrounded with a metallic case or jacket 0, which may be either plain, corrugated, fluted, or otherwise shaped, and is preferably made in two pieces fitting together snugly and firmly and held by screws or bolts or other securing means, as indicated in Fig. 2. The metallic jacket incases the fire-clay and holds it tightly.
In Figs. 3 and at I have shown a modification of my improved electric heater, it being made in the form of a cylindrical rod or bar, instead of in the rectangular form, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 5. A denotes in Figs. 3 and at the mass of fire-clay, which is dried and baked hard, having the conductors l3 running longitudinally through it, said mass of clay A being surrounded and held within the oylindrical metallic jacket 0. This form of heater is especially adapted for insertion into the flues of steam-boilers for the purpose of heating or generating steam.
By practical experimentation with electricity as a heat-producing force I have discovered that a platinum, silver, or any wire of a refractory material, in combination with a brick of fire-clay, which is firmly pressed and baked, containing the wire running through it from end to end, said brick being incased in a metallic case or jacket, provides the best form of electric heater.
It will be observed that when the clay or mixture of clay and similar material is prepared in the manner specified it will be a nonconductor of electricity and the best possible conductor of heat, on account of its adhesive qualities, after it has been thus pressed, dried, and baked, since the particles of clay orof the clay mixture will adhere very closely and tenaciously to any body or substance embedded therein, and hence all air will be excluded. From the fact that the clay brick possesses this quality as a non-conductor of electricity, and possesses also the further superior quality as a conductor of heat, it will be clear to those versed in the art that the heat generated by the passage of the electric current through the embedded wire will be absorbed more readily by the enveloping clay mass and that the least possible amount of electricity will be lost, thus reducing to a minimum the amount of electric current used, as well as diminishing the liability to accident from the fusion of the wire, which often occurs when a too heavy or an uneven current passes over the same. The heat generbrick of fire-clay or clay mixture, a conducting-Wire embedded therein, and a metallic jacket or casing surrounding the same, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.
JOHN I. ASHBAUGH.
lVitnesses:
A. CONRAD CoRNELIsoN, D. G. CURTIS.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US428443A true US428443A (en) | 1890-05-20 |
Family
ID=2497353
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US428443D Expired - Lifetime US428443A (en) | Electrical heater |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US428443A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4035613A (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1977-07-12 | Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical ceramic heating device |
US20110074380A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2011-03-31 | Silveray Co., Ltd. | Electric conduction pad and manufacturing method thereof |
-
0
- US US428443D patent/US428443A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4035613A (en) * | 1976-01-08 | 1977-07-12 | Kyoto Ceramic Co., Ltd. | Cylindrical ceramic heating device |
US20110074380A1 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2011-03-31 | Silveray Co., Ltd. | Electric conduction pad and manufacturing method thereof |
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