US483758A - Arthur e - Google Patents
Arthur e Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US483758A US483758A US483758DA US483758A US 483758 A US483758 A US 483758A US 483758D A US483758D A US 483758DA US 483758 A US483758 A US 483758A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- resistance
- water
- wires
- arthur
- receptacle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 Dental Enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
Definitions
- This invention has for its object to enable electricity to be economically and effectively used as a heating agent; and it consists in the construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter described and claimed.
- Figure 1 represents a Vertical section of an electrical heating apparatus embodying my invention.
- Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of the resistance and its insulator and end supports on a larger scale than in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
- a represents a water-receptacle, which may be of cast-iron or other suitable material, and may be connected by flow-pipes b b and return-pipes c c with radiators of ordinary or suitable construction,said reservoir-pipes and radiators being relatively arranged as in hot-water-heating systems now in common use, the heated waterpassing from the receptacle a to the radiators through the flow-pipes b and returning from the radiators to the receptacle through the return-pipes c.
- d represents an electrical resistance, which is located in the receptacle a, so that when the apparatus is in use the resistance will be surrounded by the water.
- Said resistance is preferably a bar of graphite or other form of carbon, and it is connected at its ends with conducting-wires c e, which constitute parts of an electric circuit including the resistance and a suitable source of electricity.
- the construction and arrangement being such that when an electric current is passed through the resistance, the latter will be highly heated and will immediately heat the surrounding water, which will thereupon be caused to circulate through the system and radiate heat from the radiating-surfaces.
- I preferably fit a plate (1 (which may be cup-shaped, as shown, or plane) to each end of the resistance and connect the wires with these plates.
- the insulating material d entirely envelops the resistance and the end plates and extends through sockets in the sides of the water-receptacle, as at f, and thus envelops the ends of the wires (2 e and insulates them, also, from the walls of the receptacle.
- My invention is not limited to use with water-circulating systems such as that as herein described, but may be used for heating water for cooking and other purposes.
- the receptacle may be made of a material which is a non-conductor of electricity, such as porcelain, in which case special insulators for the resistance will not be required.
- An electric heater composed of a solid and rigid resistance-rod having an externally- IO exposed coating of waterproof vitreous material, said coating entirely inclosing the rod, substantially as described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
(No Model.)
A. E. APPLEYARD.
ELECTRICAL HEATER.
No. 483,758. Patented Oct. 4, 1892..
W??? sQs e s 3 Tnw win c -rikurz J 29 an? W flw/amy m g UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.
ARTHUR E. APPLEYARD, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.
ELECTRICAL HEATER.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 483,758, dated October 4, 1892.
Application filed September 14 1891. Serial No. 405,597. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it knownthat I, ARTHUR E. APPLEYARD, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Heat- 1ng Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.
This invention has for its object to enable electricity to be economically and effectively used as a heating agent; and it consists in the construction and combination of parts, as hereinafter described and claimed.
In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification, Figure 1 represents a Vertical section of an electrical heating apparatus embodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional view of the resistance and its insulator and end supports on a larger scale than in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
The same letters of reference designate the same parts throughout the several views.
In the drawings, a represents a water-receptacle, which may be of cast-iron or other suitable material, and may be connected by flow-pipes b b and return-pipes c c with radiators of ordinary or suitable construction,said reservoir-pipes and radiators being relatively arranged as in hot-water-heating systems now in common use, the heated waterpassing from the receptacle a to the radiators through the flow-pipes b and returning from the radiators to the receptacle through the return-pipes c.
d represents an electrical resistance, which is located in the receptacle a, so that when the apparatus is in use the resistance will be surrounded by the water. Said resistance is preferably a bar of graphite or other form of carbon, and it is connected at its ends with conducting-wires c e, which constitute parts of an electric circuit including the resistance and a suitable source of electricity. The construction and arrangement being such that when an electric current is passed through the resistance, the latter will be highly heated and will immediately heat the surrounding water, which will thereupon be caused to circulate through the system and radiate heat from the radiating-surfaces. I prefer to cover the resistance 01 with an insulator or coating (1 of any material which is a sufficient nonconductor of electricity and a suflicient c011- ductor of heat. I prefer a vitreous material, such as mineral enamel of the kind used in ornamenting jewelry, the same beingformed into a tube or sheath and having a water tight connection with the resistance.
To afford a suitable connection of the wires 6 c with the resistance and avoid risk of melting the wires at their ends where so connected, I preferably fit a plate (1 (which may be cup-shaped, as shown, or plane) to each end of the resistance and connect the wires with these plates. The insulating material d entirely envelops the resistance and the end plates and extends through sockets in the sides of the water-receptacle, as at f, and thus envelops the ends of the wires (2 e and insulates them, also, from the walls of the receptacle. I have found that by electrically heating a resistance in the presence of water I am enabled to effectively and economically circulate and distribute the heat developed by the resistance.
My invention is not limited to use with water-circulating systems such as that as herein described, but may be used for heating water for cooking and other purposes.
I do not confine myself to a carbon resistance nor to the described means for supporting the resistance.
The receptacle may be made of a material which is a non-conductor of electricity, such as porcelain, in which case special insulators for the resistance will not be required.
I am aware that it has been proposed to line a metallic tube with insulating material* such as a silicate of an alkali in a pasty condition -and allow it to dry therein and then fill the interior space with broken pieces of resistance material, and I do not claim such construction. By my invention I avoid the necessity of a metallic inclosing tube and leave the exterior of the homogeneous insulating-covering exposed to the water or other medium to be heated.
Having now described my invention, I claim-- 1. A resistance of graphite or other suitable form of carbon, having wires connected to its ends, and an externally-exposed hom0- geneous waterproof insulating-covering in-= closing the sides and ends thereof, substantially as described.
2. The combination, with the carbon cl, of
the plates (1 at the ends thereof, wires e 6,
connected with said plates, and an externallyexposed homogeneous waterproof insulating 5 material inclosing the said carbon and plates and a portion of the wires, substantially as described.
3. An electric heater composed of a solid and rigid resistance-rod having an externally- IO exposed coating of waterproof vitreous material, said coating entirely inclosing the rod, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 29th day of r 5 August, A. D. 1891.
ARTHUR E. APPLEYARD.
Witnesses:
O. F. BROWN, ARTHUR W. CRossLEY.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US483758A true US483758A (en) | 1892-10-04 |
Family
ID=2552608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US483758D Expired - Lifetime US483758A (en) | Arthur e |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US483758A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3411123A (en) * | 1966-05-10 | 1968-11-12 | Gen Electric | Pyrolytic graphite electrical resistance element |
US3952182A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1976-04-20 | Flanders Robert D | Instantaneous electric fluid heater |
-
0
- US US483758D patent/US483758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3411123A (en) * | 1966-05-10 | 1968-11-12 | Gen Electric | Pyrolytic graphite electrical resistance element |
US3952182A (en) * | 1974-01-25 | 1976-04-20 | Flanders Robert D | Instantaneous electric fluid heater |
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