US42797A - Improvement in machines for planing iron - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM SELLERS, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FQR PLANING IRON.

Specifica-tion forming part of Letters Patent No. 212,797, dated May 17,1864.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, WILLIAM SELLERS, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Planing-Machines for Metal; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full and exact dcscription thereof.

The objects of my invention are, first, to effect the lifting of the tool from the work on the back-stroke of the planer in any position of the slidefrest second, to provide a thorough protection to the wearingsurface of the slides from the chips or dirt incidental to the working of the machine; third, to insure a con-v stant and uniform lubrication of the slides without undue loss of oil.

The nature of my invention can be understood from the following description of a machine built on Iny plan, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation ofthe machine, showing part of the table and bed in section; Fig. 2, a side elevation of the machine, showing the cross-head and part of the bed in section; Fig. 3, a front View of cross-head with circular piece removed from saddle to show the inte rioryFig. 4, a plan of saddle and cross-head, partially in sections; Fig. 5, an end view of cross-head, similar letters ineach referring to similar parts.

All planing-machines for metal of improved construction are so arranged as to be able to adjust the feed for planing horizontal, vertical, or angular surfaces, and such planers are advertised as having positive geared feeds self-acting in all directions. The horizontal feed is in every case obtained from the motion of the saddle on thecross-head, while the vertical and all the angular feeds are obtained from the slide-rest upon the saddle, which may be set vertically or have its line of motion adjusted to any angle with the cross-head. This, of course, necessitates the turning of a portion of the saddle on a center, and through this center the power to operate the downfeed is in most cases conveyed. In order to relieve the tool from needless wear during the back-stroke of the planer-table, it is hung in what is called an apron, so adjusted as tol allow the tool to swing loose on the backstroke of the planer-table, but to be held rig\ idly when cutting. In large planers, when the weightof the tool is great, and in all line planing, this liberation of the tool is not suflicient of itself, but some arrangement must be added whereby the tool-point shall be actually lifted clear of the work on the back-stroke and dropped into place ready for the cut after the article to be planed has passed under it.

By my invention l am enabled to lift the tool in every position of the slide-rest, and to do so from within the crosshead without interferin g with any of the machinery for Working the feeds, which, as I have before said, occupy the center about which the adjustable part of the saddle rotates.

In the annexed drawings, A is the crosshead of a planing-machine. Upon this slides the saddle B. Upon the saddle B rotates a circular piece, C, which is guided in turning by a circular groove in the saddle, a corresponding tongue on the piece C fitting therein. This groove also serves for the bolt which holds the circular piece in position to slide in. Upon the circular piece G moves the vertical slide rest D. To the slide-rest l) is attached,

the frame E. This frame carries the toolapron F. The frame E vibrates to a limited extent around a journal, G, at the lower end of the slide-rest D, and is held in position by bolts in the curved slot H. The object of this vibration is to enable the tool to be adjusted in reference to the work, and to so set it that on vertical or angular feeds it can be made to clear itself on the back-stroke, for the tool itself is bolted to the apron F, which apron is hinged at its upper end to the frame E. On horizontal planing the frame E sets ver tically-z'. e., the hinge of the apron is square, with a vertical slide, and in lifting its motion is on a plane coincident with the line of motion of the vertical feed, but at right angles to the direction of the cross-feed.l On vertical and angular feeding, however, the feed is accomplished by a movement of the vertical slide, and not of the saddle on the cross-head, hence the frame E must be so set that the plane of motion of the apron must be at an angle with the line of motion of the slide-rest, in order to let the tool-point lift away from the work. In the center of the saddle B are bevel-wheels, which convey the feedmotion from a shaft within the cross-head to the nut of the screw I, and it is around these wheels as a center that the circular piece O can be rotated. The frame E also vibrates around its journal G as a center, and it is through these two centers that the power to lit't the apron must be conveyed, while the position of these two centers is continually varying on a line radial to the center of C. To accomplish this I recess into the saddle B an annular space, in which I place a wheel, K. This space is concentric with the circular piece C, and the wheel K has its bearing outside of the bearing of the center bevel wheels. Gearing into wheel K is a pinion, L. the sha-ft of which extends through the saddle, and has a cord-wheel, M, on the inside ot' cross-head. The wheel K has attached to it a segment, N, in which is a cam-groove spiral to the wheel K. In this groove slides a block. This block is attached to the end ot' a pipe, O, which surrounds the vertical feed-screw I. The pipe O extends above the top of the saddle, and carries at its upper end a pair of elastic clamps, I. These clamps operate by friction a tlat rod, Q, which passes the whole length of the vertical slide on its side next to the saddle. lthe lower end of this rod Q, is thickened up, and has a hole mortised through it. Inv this hole the long arm of' abell-crank lever, S, tits loosely'.

"Ihe bell-crank S hasits fulcrum in thejour nal G, and its short arm extends down immedately behind the tool-apron, so that if the long arm be lowered it will push forward the tool-apron, and when it is raised allow it to i'all lback into its place.

Around the cord-wheel M passes a cord, which extends the whole length of the crosshead, guided over sheaves at each end. To one end ot' this cord is hung a weight. The other end is attached to any part ot' the planer machinery which will impart to it a reciprocating` motion corresponding with the motion ot` the table, but occurring only at each end of the table movement, as in all the arrangements for lifting the tool with a cord now in common use. The amount of this cord motion must be somewhat more than enough to move the spiral slot in segment Nits entire length, and thus raise and depress the rod Q by means of the elastic clamps P and pipe Oitsfull amount, the cord slipping its excess of motion on the wheel M. Y

AThe counterweight attached to the cord must -be heavy enough to do the work, but not so heavy as to cause needless friction on the wheel IVI.

When the vertical slide is turned into any new position, the pin in the spiral slot willdrag thevwheel K around the cord-wheel M, slipping within its encircling cord, and as soon .as the vmachine is started the parts will adjust themselves to the new position, so that no matter what angle the vertical slide stands in with reference to the cross-head the tool-lifting apparatus will work,

- I am well aware that various devices have been used to raise and lower the point of the tool. In some of these there has been a cord passing in front of the saddle, arranged to move a wedgel or inclined plane behind the toolapron, in which case the lifter can only be used when the slide-rest is vertical or at a slight angle in either direction.

In other machines in which the feed-motion for the vertical slide is operated by a ratchet on top of said slide, and not at the end ot' cross-head, the power which gives motion to the ratchet is used to work a cam which lifts the tool-apron. This last plan is not, however, applicable to the form of slide rest which I have described and prefer.

In all planing-machines the apron must be back in its place rmly seated against its metal support before the tool enters the cut. It' by any accident, such as the breaking otl the lifter-cord while the tool is up, the point of the tool should not fall in time for the cut, but should in l'process of the feed strike the unplaned part of the metal, the lifting-gear is usually broken by being subjected to this un` due strain. To avoid this trouble, some have placed springs under the apron, so that theV lifting-power may be elastic, and that the springs may yield and the apron be pressed home, even it' the lifter is still holding it up. But in my machine this difficulty can never result in harm, for by the use ofthe bell crank S the strain brought to bear on the tool will press back the apron toward its seat, transferring the direction of the motion to an end movement of the rod Q, which will slide in its elastic clamps without harm to any part of the machinery. The bellcrank, or any equivalent thereto whereby the motion of the apron in'being forced back shall be changed in direction and made to move the lifting-gear without harm, is an important feature ot' my invention.

The nature of' my invention consists in providing a definite amount ot' reciprocating motion radial to the center of rotation of that piece inthe slide-rest which determines the angle to be plancd, and in so arranging the devices which impart movement to the apron that an undue pressure upon the apron, when raised will cause it to fall back upon its seat, and so remain until the lifting movement can be rearranged by the reversal ofthe table movemrnt. i

In the slides of planing-machines there is usually at the bottom'of the V-shaped groove a channel, ct, stopped at both ends, so as to hold oil. At intervals along the ta-ble there are narrow slots mortised into the apex ofthe V, as at b, and in these slots hang loose pieces c called oilers.7 These oilers drag on the botton of the channel a as the table passes back and forth, driving the oil in channel a before it and forcing some of the oil up grooves d d in the side or the table V. The excess of the oil which passes up these grooves would run over the top of slide in the bed were not some'little space allowedin the -width ofthe slide to retain it. This extra space, however, is objectionable, as the dirt, dust,

and chips incident to the working of the machine lodges in it, and thus finds its Way into the wearing-surfaces, to the great injury of the machine. As the table at timesoverhangs the end of the bed, the oil runs down the V on the overhangin g part, and on the backstroke it is scraped oft' by the end of the bed, and thus runs onto the iloor unless dishes be placed to receive it.

To economize oil, to protect the wearingsurface, and to avoid the trouble above alluded to, I make, in the first place, grooves or channels f f at the top ofthe table-slidelarge enough to hold all the surplus oil which is forced up by the oilers. I cover these channels f f by projections g g, extending out on each side of the table V, reaching entirelyT over the edges of the channels ff, and as close to the top of the slide las they can be without touching. These covers are of the utmostimportance, and I shall describe their speciic use before proceeding with the oiling arrangement. The trouble from falling chips, 85e., has always been so serious that in very many planers no holes are made in the table, the work being held by bolts in the T-grooves only, and in all planers which have holes in the table it is customary to place them' as far as possible from the Vs, and this distance alone has been relied on as a protection from falling chips and dirt. During the operation of planing the chips falling onto the table will often glance in passing through the holes, and thus fall into the slides, even though they are some distance away, and, as much sand, dirt, and dust is continually falling with the chips, a good deal of it is continually finding its way into the slides. By placing the covers g g as described neither the large chips nor the finer and more injurious dirt passing through the table holes can ever by any chance reach the wearing-surface, and the holes in the table can be, if necessary, placed close on each side of the web which unites the V to the table.

VI have said that the Oilers dragging along the channel a drive the oil up grooves in the side of the V; theneeinto the upper channels, f f, which l make large enough to receive t-his surplus oil, and, having protected it with the covers from dirt, these channels become valuable feeders of oil to the sliding surface.

Io prevent waste of oil, I arrange at each end of the slides, within the length of the bed, oil-wells h, cored into the bed, as is shown in section, Fig. l, the opening into the weil being but little wider than the channel a; hence butlittle wearingsurface is sacriiced.

I place the stops at the end of the channel a, just inside of the oil-well, as is shown at i', while outside of the well-that is, at the end of the bed-I arrange grooves 1:, slanting toward the oil-wels in such a manner that the outer edge of the groove shall not touch the V of the table, but that the oily surface shall pass clear of it and the surplus oil be scraped off by the inner edge, and thus conveyed to the well.

rIhe surface of the V thus never touches the eXtreme end of the bed, and consequently no oil can be scraped oi so as to run on the floor.

To prevent the swinging oilers touching the end of the bed, I deepen and widen the channel a at the extreme end ofthe bed, making it so deep and so wide that the drop of oil hangingto the oiler cannot be scraped ofI thereby, but will be removed only after it has passed the well and is about riding over the stop at the end of the channel a.. With this arrangement it is evident that the oil in the well can never risc to the level of that in the channel a.

Thus, without the sacrifice of much wearing-surface, l place within the bed the receptacles for the surplus oil, I compel all the oil scraped ott' to pass into these receptacles,

and I arrange the oiling-channels a at the bottom of the groove and the channels f f at the top of the groove in the best manner to retain oil and distribute it over the wearing-surface.

As the oil accumulates in the Wells, it can be dipped up and poured into the channel a,

thus insuring the greatest conomy of lubricating material.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is`

1. Producinga motion radial to the axis of rotation of the circular piece U, for the purpose of raising the tool, substantially as described.

2. The use of the bellcrank S, or its equivalent, for the purpose and in the manner substantially as specliefh 3. Providing the slideson the table with overhanging edges g g, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

4. Arranging within the slides of the bed oil-receptacles h, combined with the stops i', substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. Arranging the outer end of the oil-well so that the oil in the swinging oilers cannot touch in passing over, substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

6. In combination with the channel a and stop t', the oil-receptacles h, when so arranged that theoil can never rise to the level of a, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

WM. SELLERS.

Witnesses J oHN SELLERS, J nr., THEonoRE BERGNER.

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