US422121A - Process of carburizing malleable cast-iron or low-carbon steel - Google Patents
Process of carburizing malleable cast-iron or low-carbon steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US422121A US422121A US422121DA US422121A US 422121 A US422121 A US 422121A US 422121D A US422121D A US 422121DA US 422121 A US422121 A US 422121A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- carburizing
- low
- malleable cast
- carbon steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N Sucrose Natural products O([C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)[C@@]1(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
Definitions
- MARTIN F COOMES AND ARUNAH W. HYDE, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.
- Our invention relates to the manufacture of steel; and its object is to effect a cheap and rapid carburization of malleable east iron or of low-carbon steel by the use of certain carbon compounds which are readily decomposed by contact with the heated metal to be carburized, whereby the carbon is set free and unites with the metal, thus converting the malleable cast-iron into steel or the lowcarbon steel into high-carbon steel.
- the most useful and available mixtures for our process are those composed of sugars of any kind (and their equivalents, sirups, molasses, and other liquid residues of sugar-making) and the caustic alkalies.
- An excellent bath is composed of sugar or molasses, one pound; caustic potash or soda, one ounce; milk, one pint; water, one gallon.
- the carbohydrates may be employed singly or mixed together and in any desired quantity to supply the requisite carbon, a deficiency or surplus of carbon affecting the extent and economy but not the completeness of the carburization.
- a quantity insufficient to carburize the whole mass will case-harden it, if case-hardening is desired; or the metal may be reheated and the process repeated.
- the bath may be heated to any extent short of decomposing it before placing the heated metal in it.
- testimon y whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.
Description
, carbonates, or certain mineral acids.
UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.
MARTIN F. COOMES AND ARUNAH W. HYDE, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.
PROCESS'OF CARBURIZING MALLEABLE CAST-IRON OR LOW-CARBON STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 422,121, dated February 25, 1890. Application filed May 29, 1889. Serial No. 312,568. (Specimens) others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
Our invention relates to the manufacture of steel; and its object is to effect a cheap and rapid carburization of malleable east iron or of low-carbon steel by the use of certain carbon compounds which are readily decomposed by contact with the heated metal to be carburized, whereby the carbon is set free and unites with the metal, thus converting the malleable cast-iron into steel or the lowcarbon steel into high-carbon steel.
To carry our invention into effect, we employ any of those substances which in the science of chemistry are known as carbohydrates, (including the sucroses, glucoses, and amyloses,) mixed with alkalies, alkaline Of any one of these mixtures we usually form a bath by dissolving it in any quantity in water or in milk. In this bath is placed the metal raised to a white heat, where it is allowed to remain While cooling. The metal parts with its heat, which decomposes the bath, and the carbon thus set free is absorbed by and chemically unites with the metal.
In another application, Serial No. 312,565, filed simultaneously with this application, we have claimed a process which employs the carbohydrates alone. This process differs from the former as follows, namelythat the mixtures are by the application of heat converted into other carbonic or carbonaceous compounds, which by additional heat are readily decomposed into lower carbon compounds, yielding the excess of carbon to the metal to be carburized. Thus certain carbohydrates,
when heated with either nitric acid or the caustic alkalies, are oxidized and converted into saccharic, oxalic, tartaric, and other acids, which in turn are decomposed by the heated metal and yield up carbon to it. For the purpose of our process, therefore, these mixtures are equivalents, their action under the application of heat being chemically identical.
The most useful and available mixtures for our process are those composed of sugars of any kind (and their equivalents, sirups, molasses, and other liquid residues of sugar-making) and the caustic alkalies.
An excellent bath, as We have found by experiment, is composed of sugar or molasses, one pound; caustic potash or soda, one ounce; milk, one pint; water, one gallon.
In our process the carbohydrates may be employed singly or mixed together and in any desired quantity to supply the requisite carbon, a deficiency or surplus of carbon affecting the extent and economy but not the completeness of the carburization. A quantity insufficient to carburize the whole mass will case-harden it, if case-hardening is desired; or the metal may be reheated and the process repeated.
When desired, the bath may be heated to any extent short of decomposing it before placing the heated metal in it.
Having fully described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. I11 the manufacture of steel, the process of carburizing malleable cast-iron and lowcarbon steel, which consists in placing the metal raised to a white heat in a bath formed by adding to water or milk a mixture composed of a carbohydrate and an oxidizing agent, substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture of steel, the process of carburizing malleable cast-iron and lowcarbon steel, which consists in placing the metal raised to a white heat in a bath formed by adding to water or milk a mixture composed of a sugar and a caustic alkali, substantially as described.
In testimon y whereof we affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.
. MARTIN F. OOOMES.
ARUNAH NV. HYDE. ,VVitnesses:
W. E.-BUCKEL, W. O. PETTY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US422121A true US422121A (en) | 1890-02-25 |
Family
ID=2491038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US422121D Expired - Lifetime US422121A (en) | Process of carburizing malleable cast-iron or low-carbon steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US422121A (en) |
-
0
- US US422121D patent/US422121A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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