US413513A - Philip j - Google Patents
Philip j Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US413513A US413513A US413513DA US413513A US 413513 A US413513 A US 413513A US 413513D A US413513D A US 413513DA US 413513 A US413513 A US 413513A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- action
- philip
- subject
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000003936 Plumbago auriculata Species 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atoms Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing Effects 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- a metal having the capacity of re- 'sisting acids is of great value-as, for instance, in pulp-digesters, in which sulphuric acid is used, and which now require a lining of lead, which, while effective for a certain length of time, soon breaks away or creeps under the action of the acid, and of course such a lining also adds to the expense of the digester.
- the muffle in the treatment of the metals the muffle is closed .to atmospheric air, and is under an internal pressure of about fifteen pounds above the .atmos pheric pressure, though it will be understood that this may be varied, and may be either more or less, according to conditions required.
- the iron and the graphite and subsequent carbon treatment being much less than when the iron is first subjected to tlze alkali bath.
- the iron By subjecting the iron to the action of the graphite the surface is carbureted, and this requires but a very few minutes of treatment in the mufiie under the action of the hydrocarbons.
- I may subject the metal to a bath of any known alkali.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
PHILIP J. INCH, OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.
PROCESS OF CARBURIZING IRON.
STECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 413,513, dated October 22, 1889.
Application filed January 3, 1889.
ing the action of acids and the injurious effect of exposure to the elements. In many situations a metal having the capacity of re- 'sisting acids is of great value-as, for instance, in pulp-digesters, in which sulphuric acid is used, and which now require a lining of lead, which, while effective for a certain length of time, soon breaks away or creeps under the action of the acid, and of course such a lining also adds to the expense of the digester.
It is the object of my invention to treat metals to an improved process, by means of which the surface will be rendered capable of resisting the action of acids, so that it may be used directly in such situations as the boiler of a digester without requiring any interior lining. It is also obvious that such 'a metal would be very valuable for use in many other situations.
In my treatment I first take the metal and thoroughly clean it from all scale or oxide, and then subject it to a bath of a solution of potash, which has a neutralizing effect on the iron, and then I subject the metal to amixture of carbon and water, the carbon being preferably the ordinary graphite or plumbago,which leaves the surface in a condition susceptible to the action of hydrogen, which makes a carbide of the surface. I then place the iron so treated in an ordinary muffle and subject it to the action of petroleum or hydrocarbon vapor for ten minutes or more at a very high temperature-namely, about 1,000 Fahrenheit. I then subject the articles, about the same temperature, to the action of superheated steam for about thirty minutes, which has the effect of setting the surface, and finally the articles are removed and sub Serial Nor 295,307. (No specimens.)
jected to a bath of fish or other nitrogenous oils.
It will be understood that in the treatment of the metals the muffle is closed .to atmospheric air, and is under an internal pressure of about fifteen pounds above the .atmos pheric pressure, though it will be understood that this may be varied, and may be either more or less, according to conditions required.
the iron and the graphite and subsequent carbon treatment being much less than when the iron is first subjected to tlze alkali bath. By subjecting the iron to the action of the graphite the surface is carbureted, and this requires but a very few minutes of treatment in the mufiie under the action of the hydrocarbons.
Instead of the potash, I may subject the metal to a bath of any known alkali.
I do not desire to be limited to the final oil bath, though I prefer this, as it gives a tempering effect and improves the appearance of the iron. 7 I
What I claim is-- The hereinbefore-described process of carburizing iron, consisting in subjecting the iron to a mixture of graphite, then applying to the iron, in a muffie closed to the atmospheric air, a hydrocarbon vapor, and finally applying steam, substantially as described.
In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
PHILIP J; INCH.
Witnesses:
F. L. MIDDLETON, WALTER P. K ENE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US413513A true US413513A (en) | 1889-10-22 |
Family
ID=2482444
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413513D Expired - Lifetime US413513A (en) | Philip j |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US413513A (en) |
-
0
- US US413513D patent/US413513A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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