US41808A - Improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of iron - Google Patents
Improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US41808A US41808A US41808DA US41808A US 41808 A US41808 A US 41808A US 41808D A US41808D A US 41808DA US 41808 A US41808 A US 41808A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chimney
- iron
- reducing
- oven
- gases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000009825 Annona senegalensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229910001296 Malleable iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B19/00—Combinations of furnaces of kinds not covered by a single preceding main group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/04—Manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/92—Computer assisted medical diagnostics
Definitions
- the first part of my invention has for its particular obj cot so to convey the heated gases from one portionof the apparatus to the other that the gases or flame shall be expanded in the turning-fines for the purpose of preserving the flues in workingorder; also, to provide each reducing -chamber with the means of therein regulating the draftor pressure of the gases.
- the first part of my invention consists, first. in the employment, in combination with a reducing-oven having two or' more reduc1ng chambers superposed and heated by the flame or-gases derived from a welding-furnace, of a double or divided chimney, so that each chamber shall be provided with its own chimney or division of chimney,
- the second part of my invention consists in forming the reducing-tables of flat arches made of refractory brick set edgewise, said brick being of uniform width, so that the arch shall be of uniform thickness throughout.
- Iron ore preferably such in which the oxide of iron is mixed with but little earthy matter
- my pulverized to a fineness resembling sea-sand, and mixed with from twenty to twenty-five per centum of pulverized charcoal or bituminous coal is exposed to a certain high degree of temperature in a medium i 0111 which free oxygen is carefully excluded.
- the particles of iron ore thus placed in contact with a material emitting carbureted vapors while exposed to a high temperature will he speedily reduced.
- the deoxidized metal is then in a state of great division, and disseminated among the earthy matter and the residue of unconsumed coal.
- the reduction of the ore is efi'ected in my improved apparatus in an oven erected on columns at such elevation and position in relation to the welding-furnace or heat-generator as that the heat radiated or otherwise conveyed from the latter shall not injuriously affeet the structure of the oven, and that fresh air may surround and freely circulate about the same.
- the even is divided into chambers called reducing-chambers, which are 'formed, as shown in the accompanying'drawings, of flat arches thrown ,from the-exterior side walls, G, to a middle wall, W, common to both.
- These arches constitute the reducing-tables, and it is upon these tables that the :ore and coal mixture is spread while exposed to the action of.
- the working-doors through which the operator observes the operation and'from time to time stirs the mass, so as to expose all or nearly all the particles to the action of the deoxidizing-fiame, and when deoxidized dis charges the same'from off the tables, are located centrally in relation to the tables, and
- each chamber shall be provided with its own chimney or division of chimney, which may or maynot iutercommunicate at the pleasure of the operator, substantially as herein set forth.
- arched reducing tables formed of refraetory brick of uniform'width, set edgewise or otherwise, so that the same shall be of uniform thickness throughout, substantiallyas set forth.
Description
J. YATES. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFAGTUTE OF IRON.
No. 41,808. Patented Mar. 1, 1864.
3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
3 SheetsSheet 2.
J. YATES. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFAGTUTE OF IRON.
We. 41,808, Patented Mam-121, 1864.
M'mwaeg': 111116111011 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
cosnrn YATES, or MOTT HAVE-N, new YORK.
IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON.
Specification forming part'of Letters Patent No. 4 L808, dated March I, 1864.
To all whom it may concerri: Be it known that I, J o snrn Yarns, of Mott Haven, inthe countyof Westchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron; and I-hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a front elevation of an improved apparatus for making malleable or wrought iron direct from the ore, Ain said figurerepresenting a welding-furnace, B a reducingoven, and G the chimney. Figs.. 2 and 3 are two side elevations, and Figs. 4 and 5 are seetional views, of the same according to the lines (:4) and c d in Figs. 5 and 4, respectively.
The process of making iron directly from the ore is well understood in principle; The chemical agents which determine the conversion of the ore and the conditions under which -it is eflected have also been ascertained, and
yet this manufacture is carried on in but few. localities, and there in the most primitive manner; and all attempts at introducing this'manufacture in localities which do not offer precisely the same conditions of abundance of fuel and ore, and where economy is the sine qua non ofmanufaoture, have utterly failed. The numerous experimentswhich have been instituted from time to time to adapt this process by peculiar construction of apparatus to the ordinary conditions of an iron-producing country have demonstrated that success in this manufacture depends wholly upon the proper application of heat; and the great problem to be solved consists in the construction of a furnace in which the ore and the ingredients used in connection therewith to effect its reduction are exposed to the proper degree-of heat, and so that the same shall be perfectly under the control of the operator, enabling him to regulate the same at pleasure and according to cir cumstances.
In ,my improved apparatus, consisting of a welding-furnace, a reducing-oven, and a chimney, I have so -combined the parts constitu't ingthe same that the'lieat is distributed to effect in each the operation there to be performed.
The first part of my invention has for its particular obj cot so to convey the heated gases from one portionof the apparatus to the other that the gases or flame shall be expanded in the turning-fines for the purpose of preserving the flues in workingorder; also, to provide each reducing -chamber with the means of therein regulating the draftor pressure of the gases.
To this end the first part of my invention consists, first. in the employment, in combination with a reducing-oven having two or' more reduc1ng chambers superposed and heated by the flame or-gases derived from a welding-furnace, of a double or divided chimney, so that each chamber shall be provided with its own chimney or division of chimney,
which may or. may not intercommunicate at the'pleasure of the operator; secondly, in locating such double or divided chimney back of and in contiguity with the reducing-oven, the opening of communication of the chimney with the oven being arranged in relation to the partition or division walls, so as to allow ofthe expansion of the gases previous to their entering the reducing-chambers.
The object of the second part ofmy invention is to secure uniform temperature over and through the whole-reducing-table.
To this end the second part of my invention consists in forming the reducing-tables of flat arches made of refractory brick set edgewise, said brick being of uniform width, so that the arch shall be of uniform thickness throughout.
consists, first, in so locating thedivided chim- 'ney in relation tothe reducing-oven as that the flame and 'heated' gases shallbe diverted from the working-doors, and, secondly, in combining with a reducing-oven having :two laterally arranged series of reducing chambers a double or divided chimney located in contiguity with the oven and between the working=doors thereof;
invention,I shall briefly refer to the process of. manufacture, in conformity with which a furnace for making iron directly from the ore is to be constructed.
Iron ore, preferably such in which the oxide of iron is mixed with but little earthy matter To more fully appreciate the nature of my pulverized to a fineness resembling sea-sand, and mixed with from twenty to twenty-five per centum of pulverized charcoal or bituminous coal, is exposed to a certain high degree of temperature in a medium i 0111 which free oxygen is carefully excluded. The particles of iron ore thus placed in contact with a material emitting carbureted vapors while exposed to a high temperature will he speedily reduced. The deoxidized metal is then in a state of great division, and disseminated among the earthy matter and the residue of unconsumed coal. To effect the union of these iron particles the mass is exposed to a welding heat, and the particles are. caused to agglutinate, to form a ball, together with scoria or earthy matter in fusion, which latter is finally expelled by the action of the squeezer and hammer. The reduction proper is a very delicate operation, and it is upon this stage of the process that failure or success mostly depends. I t
From the above it will be understood that the temperature at which the reduction is effected is high, yet it is important that it should 7 not be such as to cause the earthy matter mixed with the ore to enter in fusion, because they will have a tendency to retain in their vitreous mass the unreduced oxideof iron, and form a slag rich in 'iron, and thusjbe productive of much waste. Now,'in an apparatus in which the whole process of making iron -directly from the' oreliscarried on with but one-fire,
the same flame which is to producewel'ding heat in one-part of the apparatus 'is"'al'so to.. produce the heat requisite 'to reduce the ore' in another part .of the apparatus; hence the necessity of and difliculties in so constructing the apparatus as'that the heat-shall be duly tempered and regulated.
The reduction of the ore is efi'ected in my improved apparatus in an oven erected on columns at such elevation and position in relation to the welding-furnace or heat-generator as that the heat radiated or otherwise conveyed from the latter shall not injuriously affeet the structure of the oven, and that fresh air may surround and freely circulate about the same. The even is divided into chambers called reducing-chambers, which are 'formed, as shown in the accompanying'drawings, of flat arches thrown ,from the-exterior side walls, G, to a middle wall, W, common to both. These arches constitute the reducing-tables, and it is upon these tables that the :ore and coal mixture is spread while exposed to the action of. the heated gases passing over and under the said tables. In former attempts at making iron directly from the ore great difficulty was experienced in constructing these tables. They were generally plane'surfaced, arched underneath, so that the table was thin in the center, of gradually increasing thickness toward its supporting-walls, and the consequence was that the ore was reduced along a middle strip much sooner than upon the other portions of the table, which necessitated constant stirring; but by frequently stirring the mass air was necessarily admitted, which occasioned the reoxidation of metal already deoxidized. By making the tables but slightly arched I am enabled to make them of uniform thickness throughout, and thus to and second tables-by means of two apertures,
I J, in the outer wall, K, of the reducing-oven,
the one above -and the other below the first reducing-table, and both communicating with the interior of a chimney whose top orifice is furnished with a damper, L, so that when closed' the gases issuing from under the table not ableto escape through the'chimney will be compelled to pass into the reducing-chamber abo've the table. The gases are now forced to pass over the edge M. of the upper table, and are caused to travel along its upper surface, finally to issue at the orifice N into a.
chimney, also provided with a damper.
Instead of having two separate chimneys--- one for each reducing-chamber--I use a singlev chimney divided by a vertical transverse wall-i. e'., a wall running across the chimney parallel with the back wall of the oven. This vertical division-wall is supported by an arch, 1 1?, which forms a horizontal partitidn on a level with the upper reducing-table, cutting off direct communication between the two divisions- If a double oven be used,as that shown in the accompanying drawings, the chimney is located in the middle of the back wall of the oven, and is divided by a vertical partition-wall in continuation of that in the re-.
ducing-oven, and extending from top to bottom of the chimney. By this arrangement the current, pressure, and temperature of the flame and gases may be regulated. If, for instance, the pressure and temperature be too great, it is simply necessaryto ease the valves on top ofthe chimney, and if for some cause or other itbe expedient to divertthe current of the gases anddischarge without allowing them to enter .either chamber, it is only required to lopen the damper L. Another advanta'g'e'liii' f'd this arrangement consists in the expansion of gases at that point where by sudden contraction they. would be condensed and develop heat, that would soon melt away the fines or orifices for the passage of the gases to and from the chambers. Thus by allowing the gases to expand in the chimney and at the,
turning-pcintsthey will not overheat the narrow fines through which they are forced to pass. a r
The working-doors through which the operator observes the operation and'from time to time stirs the mass, so as to expose all or nearly all the particles to the action of the deoxidizing-fiame, and when deoxidized dis charges the same'from off the tables, are located centrally in relation to the tables, and
the position of the chimney and the-fines leading into it is so determined as that the gases shall be diverted from the working-door and present no impediment to the operator watching the progress of the work, stirring the mass,
follows:
1. The employment, in combination with a reducing-oven having two or more reducingchambers superposed and heatedby the flame.
or gases derived from a welding-furnace, of a double or divided chimney, so that each chamber shall be provided with its own chimney or division of chimney, which may or maynot iutercommunicate at the pleasure of the operator, substantially as herein set forth.
2. Locating such double or divided chimney back of and in contiguity with the reducingoven, the openings of communication of the chimney with the oven being arranged in relation to the partition or division walls, so as to allow of the expansion of gases previous to their entering the reducing-chambers, substantially as herein set forth.
3. The arched reducing tables formed of refraetory brick of uniform'width, set edgewise or otherwise, so that the same shall be of uniform thickness throughout, substantiallyas set forth.
4. So locating the divided chimney'in relation to the reducing oven as that the flame and heated gases'jshallbe diverted from the working-doors, substantially as herein set forth;
5. Combining with'a-redueing-oven hating two laterally arranged series of reducingin eontiguity with the oven and-between the working-doors thereof, substantially as herein set forth In testimony whereof I have signed my name ,to this specification before two subscribing witnesses.
JOSEPH YATES. XVitnesses;
A; POLLAK, 0. BROWN.
chambers, a double divided chimney located
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US41808A true US41808A (en) | 1864-03-01 |
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US41808D Expired - Lifetime US41808A (en) | Improvement in apparatus for the manufacture of iron |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040151597A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-08-05 | Dukes Jon W. | Gas pressure driven fluid pump having compression spring pivot mechanism and damping system |
-
0
- US US41808D patent/US41808A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040151597A1 (en) * | 2002-12-13 | 2004-08-05 | Dukes Jon W. | Gas pressure driven fluid pump having compression spring pivot mechanism and damping system |
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