US415482A - Brick-kiln - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

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ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. PhoioLilhcgvapher. Wzihingmn, n. C.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M, ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES:

R I Inn 5mg.- W By ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet a. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRIGK KILN No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES.

N PETER. Pmwumu im. Wnlhlngion, D. c.

(No Model. 7 Sheets-Sheet 4. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD. BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

N. PETERS. Pnow-Lilm m nu. Wnhmghm. D. c.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD. BRICK KILN.

No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR: 4 3y TTOYS.

(No Model. "l Sheets-Sheet 6.

J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN. I No. 415,482. Patented Nov. 19,

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N PETERS, Phowuuw m mr. Washington. I), C.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 7. J. H. THISSEN & M. M. ARNOLD.

BRICK KILN.

H W-H H H H H H I Patented Nov. 19, 1889.

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W/ M58858 W K/MW W ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN IIUBERT THISSEN AND MILLARD M. ARNOLD, OF OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 415,482, dated November 19, 1889.

(No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JOHN IIUBERT THIS- SEN and MILLARD M. ARNOLD, both of Omaha, in the county of Douglas and State of Nebraska, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Continuous Brick Kilns and Driers, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of our invention is to provide a new and improved combined continuous brick kiln and drier which is simple and durable in construction, very effective and continuous in operation, and serves to very effectively dry, water-smoke, and burn the bricks without moving or changing them after they are once set in the kiln until the bricks are finished.

The invention consists of certain parts and details and combinations of the same, as will be hereinafter fully described, and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figures 1 and 1 are sectional side elevations of the improvement on the line y y of Fig. 2, 1 being a continuation of 1. Fig. 2 is a reduced sectional plan view of the same on the line z of Fig. I. Fig. 3 is a like view of the same on the line .2 of Fig. 1. Fig. l is a transverse section of the improvement on the line 20 w of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a like view of the same 011 the line "H v of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a similar view of the same on the line a u of Fig.2. Figs. 7 and 7 are longitudinal sections of the improvement on the linet t of Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse section of the draft-doors and mechanism for operating the same. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of part of the same. Fig. 10 is a section of the same on the line r of Fig. 8. Fig. 11 is an enlarged section of one of the draftchannels leading to the smoke-chamber, and Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional plan view of one end of one of the transverse shutters or movable partitions.

The improved kiln A is preferably made in the shape shown, being provided with two parallel sides and semi-hexagonal ends. The kiln A is further provided with a continuous passage B, the ends of which are semi-hexagonal in shape, being similar to the ends of the kiln, as is plainly shown in the drawings. The continuous passage B is provided with an inner and an outer wall B and B and an arched top B ,built of suitable material. The several walls are covered on top with sand or other similar material, so as to retain as much heat as possible within the kiln.

The passage B is divided by a number of transverse shutters or movable partitions G into a desired number of compartments, (in this case sixteen) which, for the sake of convenience, are numbered from 1 to 16, inclusive. (See Fig. 2.) Into each compartment leads a door D, formed in the outer wall 13 as is plainly shown in the drawings. In the bottom of each compartment, near its middle, is formed a transverselyextending draft-channel E, connecting at its inner end with a due F, extending horizontally to the middle of the kiln, then passing Vertically and opening into a longitudinally-eXtending smoke-chamber G, connecting in the center with the chimney H.

Each of the shutters or movable partitions C is made of a fire-proof cloth or other suitable material, of sufficient height and Width to completely cover the passage-way B transversely. Each shutter C is adapted to pass at its ends through vertical slots B in the side walls 13 and B into vertical recesses 13 Each shutter C is secured at one end to a roller I, held vertically and mounted to turn in suitable bearings formed in the recess B in the Wall 13 of the kiln A. The other end of the shutter O is secured to flexible strips 0 near its top and bottom, (see Fig. 6,) the strips being wound around and fastened to a roller 1', similar in construction to the roller I, and also mounted to turn in suitable bearings in the recess B in the wall 13*. The upper end of the roller 1 carries a crank-arm 5 1 by which the roller can be conveniently turned, so as to wind up or unwindthe strips O and the shutter C. On the outer end of the roller I is secured a drum I 011 which winds a rope I", passing over pulleys I and I, placed one above the other in a suitable frame-work erected on top of the kiln A. The end of the rope I which hangs down is provided with a weight 1 which serves to counterbalance the rollers I and I, so as to hold the shutter O in proper position and at the proper tension.

WVhen the operator desires to connect one compartment with another or disconnect it from the same, he turns the crank-arm I so that'the shutter 0 either moves across the passage B or is wound up entirely on the roller I or 1. (See Fig. 6.)

Each of the draft-channels E (see Figs. 8, 9, and 10) is open at the top and is partly covered by the plates J and J, provided at their ends with downwardly-extending lugs J fitting into corresponding guideways E, secured to the sides of the channel E, as is plainly illustrated in Fig. 10. The plates J and J do not cover theentire length of the channel E and are mounted to move transversely, so as to connect the interior of each compartment with its channel E at either end, or at both ends at the same time, or in the middle, as desired. The plates J and J are connected with chains J 3 and J respectively, extending into recesses B, formed in the side Walls 13 and B Each of the chains J 3 and J passes over a pulley J mounted to turn in suitable bearings in the lower part of the recess 13, and then the chain extends upward through the said recess and through an aperture in the top plate K, covering the recess B The outer end of the chain J 3 is provided with a ring J 6 for conveniently pulling on the said chain J 3 or J 4 whenever desired.

A chain J T is connected with the plate J at its inner end and extends under the plate J to a pulley J located alongside the pulley J over which passes the chain J before mentioned. The chain J 7 extends upward in the recess B and through the top plate K, and is also provided with a ring J i A similar chain .J is connected with the inner end of the plate J, extends under the plate J and over a pulley J arranged alongside the pulley J over which passes the chain J connected with the plate J. The chain J 8 also extends through the recess 13 and the top plate K in a manner similar to the chains J J and J before mentioned.

In order to prevent any escape of heat through the recess 13, we coverthe upper end of the same with an additional cap K, also inclosing the rings J 6 and the upper ends of the chains J 3 J 7 and the chains J 4 J respectively. It will be understood that the chains J and J pass up through one wall of the passage-way B, while the chains J 4 and J pass up through the other wall.

Now, when the operator desires to move either of the plates J or J forward or backward he'pulls on the respective chain J J or J 4 J For instance, when the operator desires to move the inner edge of the plate J against the plate J he pulls on the chain J and if the operator desires to move the end of the plate J nearer the wall or against the latter he pulls on the chain J The plate J can be similarly manipulated, so that the passage-way B can be connected with the channel E at each end of the plate J or J at both ends or in the center at the same time, as illustrated in Fig. 8.

The end of each flue F, leading into the smoke-chamber G, can be opened or closed by a damper F, secured on a rod F extending upward through the chamber G and through the top of the kiln A to the outside. By raising the rod F the damper F is unseated from the flue F and communication is established between the passage-way B and the smoke-chamber G. When the damper F is unseated from the end of the fine F, the respective compartment in the passage-way B is disconnected from the smoke-chamber G. Each damper F is provided witha downwardly-extending annular rim F adapted to set in a layer of sand held in an annular groove formed in the top of the head F held on the upper end of the flue F, as shown in Fig. 11, the said head F forming the seat for the damper F.

In the chimney H are arranged the openings H, connecting with the chamber G and adapted to be opened and closed by a damper H held to slide vertically on the outside of the chimney H and secured to rods H extending to the top of the kiln, as is plainly shown in Figs. 7 and 7. Either end of the smoke-chamber G can thus be out off from the chimney Whenever desired.

From the top of the smoke-chamber G lead upward the man-holes G, placed suitable distances apart and adapted to be opened and closed in the usual manner. Into the top of the passage-way B in each compartment lead a number of firing-tines L, extending from the top of the kiln A through the arched top B of the said passage-Way B, as is plainly shown in Fig. 4. On the upper end of each firing-fine L is held a head L, filled with sand and adapted to be closed by a cap L in a manner similar to that in which the connection of draft-channels in smoke-chamber is closed by the cap F. The firing-fines L serve for feeding coal or similar material as a fuel into the respective compartment, as hereinafter more fully described.

From the top of each compartment in the passage-way B lead a number of heat-escape pipes N,'leading to a pipe N, extending outward and provided with a damper N ,'0per ated from the top of the kiln. Each pipe N, from each of the compartments in the passage-way B, leads to a continuous main heatpipe 0, held in the outer wall of the kiln. Between two pipes N is held in the continuous main heat-pipe a damper 0, so as to control the heat escaping from the compartments to the main pipe 0. Into the latter also lead a number of pipes P, extending upward over the passage-way B and opening into the outer air on top of the kiln, as is plainly shown in Fig. 5. These pipes P serve to let fresh air into the pipe Q from the outside, the fresh air being heated by passing through the heated pipeP as the latter is embedded in the hot sand on top of the passage-way B.

The operation is as follows: By the use of the shutters or movable partitions C we are enabled to make the draft in each compartment independent of the next following compartmen t. In commencing we usually set the green bricks, say, in about eight compartments, and build a wall across the first compartment. The first compartment is set with arches or fire-holes, the same as in the oldfashioned open kiln, and is fired with wood until the bricks are hot enough to permit of burning coal, which is fed into the kiln bricks is continued.

through the firing-fines L, previously described. The old-fashioned arches in the compartment are then closed, and the compartment is exclusively fired from the top through the firing-fiues L until the bricks are thoroughly burned. As the draft is open, say, four compartments ahead, the heat from the first compartment is drawn through the other three compartments, whereby the second compartment is made redhot and the next one warm, and so 011, the heat being less in the successive compartments. Now, in the fifth compartment the shutter or movable partition 0 is drawn across the compartment, so as to make the following compartment ahead independent of those burning. At the same time the setting of the *hen the green bricks in the first compartment are burned to the desired extent, they are ready to cool off. Instead of opening the kiln now to let the heat escape, as is done in other kilns, we conduct the heat through the pipe N from the burning-compartment into the pipe N, and from the latter let it pass into the main continuous heat-pipe O. The latter is closed behind the first compartment by the respective damper O, and the dampers 0' between this closed one and the one next to the shutter drawn across the compartment are opened, while the damper ahead of the said drawn shutter is closed, so that the heat from the cooling-off compartment passes through the pipe 0 into the intervening compartments, thus heating and drying the same. The draft is then opened in the eighth compartment and the partition or sh utter between the compartments S and 9 is closed, making the compartments 5, (3, 7, and S entirelyindependent of those burning and of the rest of the kiln ahead of the compartment 8. This arrangement enables us to conduct the escaping heat from the compartment No. 1, which is cooling off, ahead of the sh utter or movable partition to the compartment i, and, further, through the green bricks to the draft in the compartment 8, thereby water-smoking and drying the bricks with the heat from the cooling bricks in the first chamber, which heat would otherwise be lost.

The drying process above described is aided by the pipes P, which lead air from the outside through the hot sand on top of the kiln into the pipe 0. Air thuspassing into the pipe 0 mixes with the escaping heat from the burning-compartment ahead of the partition between the compartments 4 and 5, thereby increasing the heat and assisting the drying process.

The above-described process is continuousthat is, one compartment after another is burned, as above described, the heat is conducted ahead, the bricks after being burned are removed and green bricks set in, so that the kiln can be kept constantly running, filling in green bricks, and removing finished burned bricks.

It will be understood that only one channel and flue leads from each compartment to the smoke-chamber G, the draft being regulated by the two plates J and J", moving over the open top of the channel, as previously described. By means of the plates J and J the draft can be directed either to the middle of the compartment, or to either side, as desired, thus giving us perfect control of the draft, although we use but one fine in each compartment which leads to the smoke-chamber in the center of the kiln.

Having thus fully described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a burning-chamber having a draft-channel in its floor leading to the chimney, of a sectional sliding cover for partially closing the channel, substantially as described, whereby provision ismade for regulating the draft of the burningchamber at center and both sides, as specified.

2. In a brick machine, the combination, with a burning-chamber having a draft-channel in its floor leading to the chimney, of two plates fitted to slide 011 the channel, the combined length of the said plates being less than the length of the channel, and means for independently operating the said plates, substantially as described.

In a brick-kiln, the combination, with a burning-chamber having a transverse draftchannel in its bottom and vertical openings at the ends of the said transverse channel, of plates fitted to slide on the transverse channel, guide-sheaves in said vertical openings and chains connected to the plates passing over the guide-sheaves and up to the top of the said openings, substantially as herein shown and described.

4. In a continuous kiln, the combination, with a continuous passage-way, of flexible shutters held to move transversely across the said passage-way, and vertical rollers mounted to turn in the side walls of the said passageway and supporting the said flexible shutters, substantially as shown and described.

5. In a continuous kiln, the combination,

with a continuous passage-way, of flexible shutters held to move transversely across the said passageway, vertical rollers mounted to turn in the side walls of the said passage-way and supporting the said flexible shutters, and

means, substantially as described, for counterbalancing the said rollers and holding the shutters in position, as set forth.

6. In a continuous briclckiln, the combinaeach compartment into the branch pipes, substantially as described, whereby the several compartments may be successively used for burning, drying, and cooling the bricks, and the heat escaping from the cooling bricks utilized for drying the green bricks, as set forth.

8. In a continuous kiln, the combination, with a smoke-chamber, of a chimney located in the middle of the said smoke-chamber, and

dampers for connecting or disconnecting either end of the said smoke-chamber with or from the said chimney, substantially as shown and described.

' JOHN HUBERT THISSEN.

MILLARD M. ARNOLD. Witnesses:

WM. H. RoYER, NELSON HILL.

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