US409992A - Pierre manhes - Google Patents
Pierre manhes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US409992A US409992A US409992DA US409992A US 409992 A US409992 A US 409992A US 409992D A US409992D A US 409992DA US 409992 A US409992 A US 409992A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- pierre
- cobalt
- manhes
- melting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000876852 Scorias Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/06—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/5607—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides
- C04B35/5626—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on refractory metal carbides based on tungsten carbides
Definitions
- the process which forms the subject of this invention is a dry process, which assimilates, as it were, the metallurgy of nickel and cohalt to that of other metals.
- the crude nickel I or in any other apparatus capable of heating the metal to a red heat in an oxidizing medium, and they are thus maintained at. atemperature corresponding to a red heat for a longer or shorter time, according to the degree of purity of metal.
- the said time varies from six to ten hours.
- the oxidation can, however, be hastened, and its duration can therefore be diminished by projecting upon the plates of nickel or cobalt a little is oxidized at the surface without melting,
- the oxidized plates are melted either in crucibles or in'a reverberatory furnace, or inany other melting apparatus, with the addition of an alkaline flux, such as potash, soda, borax, or the like; but sodium salts are preferable.
- an alkaline flux such as potash, soda, borax, or the like; but sodium salts are preferable.
- the oxide on the surface of the plates reacts upon the mass of the metal by acting upon the materials which are more oxidable than nickel. eliminated in the state of sulphurous acid and the iron is transformed into the state of oxide.
- the alkaline flux acts and dissolves the oxide of iron, while it scarcely acts at all upon the oxide of nickel or cobalt.
- the result of the melting is therefore a comparatively pure nickel or cobalt, which is perfectly suitable for any industrial uses and a scoria which has absorbed all the oxide of iron produced, but'contains only traces of nickel or cobalt.
- ject of this invention is based, and the application of which to the metallurgy of nickel and cobalt constitutes a new industrial prothe crude nickel or cobalt, then oxidizing the my name in the presence of two subscribing surface of the castings by means of oxidizing- Witnesses. flames in the presence of air then coolin the T .i castings, and afterward melting them in the PIERRE MAL 5 presence of an alkaline flux, substantially as Witnesses:
Description
UNITED STATESPATENT OFFICE.
PIERRE M ANHE S, OF LYONS, FRANCE.
PROCESS OF REFI'NING N ICKEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,992, dated August 27, I889.
Application filed December 19, 1888- Serial No. 294,113. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern: saltpeter. Under the action of air the metal Be it known that I, PIERRE MANHES, en gineer and metallurgist, a citizen of the Republic of France, and a resident of Lyons, France, have invented'new and useful Improvements in the Process of Refining Nickel and Cobalt, of which the following is a speciorder to satisfy the requirments of the industry, rnust undergo a refining treatment which brings them to astate which, if not absolutely pure, is at least comparatively pure. The other processes of treating these same ores also often produce crude metals, which likewise require to be refined in order to adapt them for the uses for which they are designed. Heretofore wet processes, which are invariably long, expensive, and difficult, have been almost exclusively employed for refining nickel and cobalt.
The process which forms the subject of this invention is a dry process, which assimilates, as it were, the metallurgy of nickel and cohalt to that of other metals.
The following is a description of the operation, the details of which as a whole consti- I tnte the improved process.
On leaving the converter or the apparatus in which it has been produced the crude nickel I or in any other apparatus capable of heating the metal to a red heat in an oxidizing medium, and they are thus maintained at. atemperature corresponding to a red heat for a longer or shorter time, according to the degree of purity of metal. The said time varies from six to ten hours. The oxidation can, however, be hastened, and its duration can therefore be diminished by projecting upon the plates of nickel or cobalt a little is oxidized at the surface without melting,
and when this oxidation is deemed sufficient,
which can be very readily seen after a little experience, the plates are removed from the furnace and allowed to cool. covered with a more or less thick crust. of
oxide.
The oxidized plates, as has been explained, are melted either in crucibles or in'a reverberatory furnace, or inany other melting apparatus, with the addition of an alkaline flux, such as potash, soda, borax, or the like; but sodium salts are preferable. During the melting the oxide on the surface of the plates reacts upon the mass of the metal by acting upon the materials which are more oxidable than nickel. eliminated in the state of sulphurous acid and the iron is transformed into the state of oxide. It is then that the alkaline flux acts and dissolves the oxide of iron, while it scarcely acts at all upon the oxide of nickel or cobalt. The result of the melting is therefore a comparatively pure nickel or cobalt, which is perfectly suitable for any industrial uses and a scoria which has absorbed all the oxide of iron produced, but'contains only traces of nickel or cobalt. I
I may observe that for the oxidation and melting twoapparatus can be dispensed with by employing a reverberatory furnace upon the sole of which the crude metal is first roasted, as above described, then melted in the same furnace by simply raising the temperature sufficiently.
The foregoing description appears 'to be They are then The last traces of sulphur are suificient to render the reactions understood j upon which the method which forms the sub-.
ject of this invention is based, and the application of which to the metallurgy of nickel and cobalt constitutes a new industrial prothe crude nickel or cobalt, then oxidizing the my name in the presence of two subscribing surface of the castings by means of oxidizing- Witnesses. flames in the presence of air then coolin the T .i castings, and afterward melting them in the PIERRE MAL 5 presence of an alkaline flux, substantially as Witnesses:
described. GEORGES FREYDIER DUBREUL,
In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed XAVIER J ANICOT.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US409992A true US409992A (en) | 1889-08-27 |
Family
ID=2478927
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US409992D Expired - Lifetime US409992A (en) | Pierre manhes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US409992A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3036909A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-29 | Stamicarbon | Process of preparing nickel-aluminum or cobalt-aluminum alloys starting from raney catalysts |
-
0
- US US409992D patent/US409992A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3036909A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1962-05-29 | Stamicarbon | Process of preparing nickel-aluminum or cobalt-aluminum alloys starting from raney catalysts |
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