US352615A - Process of purifying and hardening copper and copper alloys - Google Patents
Process of purifying and hardening copper and copper alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US352615A US352615A US352615DA US352615A US 352615 A US352615 A US 352615A US 352615D A US352615D A US 352615DA US 352615 A US352615 A US 352615A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- hardening
- purifying
- alloys
- copper alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000600039 Chromis punctipinnis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000754 Wrought iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/006—Pyrometallurgy working up of molten copper, e.g. refining
Definitions
- Hy invention relates to the production of a metallic composition embracing copper and having a close or solid texture capable of high polish, of great tensile strength, capable of receiving a temper by heating and cooling, asin the tempering ofiron or steel, and suitable for a great variety of uses, among which may be named the production of journal-bearings of great durability and little friction. I attain these ends by the means hereinafter specifically described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.
- Copper is melted in any well-known manner, and certain carbonates added thereto, together with charcoal, and after fusion the resulting metal or metallic compound may be poured in molds,the intermixture therewith of the slag being of course avoided.
- Any suit able vessel-such as aladle or crucible-made of wrought iron or steel may be employed. I have successfully practiced the invention in an iron ladle and on a common blacksmiths hearth. Those skilled in the art can readily suggest usual constructions of apparatus and furnaces for performing the operations indicated.
- My invention relates to the materials em ployed,and to their use for the objects named in the manner specified, and not to any particular form of vessel or furnace.-
- I add to the copper, at or before the stage of fusion, either the carbonate (or bicarbonate) of soda, potash, or lime, and may also add the carbonate of iron, zinc, or lead.
- a sufficient amount of carbon should be used, and for such time as may be required to prevent oxidation of the metal, which may be carbon with the metal and would result in a product that could not be tempered, as above described.
- the improvement in the art of refining and hardening CQppeuv'hich consists in fusing copper and a carbonate together in a suitable vessel, supplying carbonaceous matter to the surface of the materials, removing slag, and pouring the metal, substantially as set forth and described.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT- ()FFICE.
FRANCIS M. FORMAN, OF OTISCO, MICHIGAN.
PROCESS OF PURlFYlNG AND HARDENlNG COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 352,615, dated November 16, 1886. Application filed January 4, 1886. Serial No. 187,619. (No specimensl T0 aZZ whom it may concern: 1
Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. FORMAN, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at Otisco, in the county of lonia and State of Michigan, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Processes of Purifying and Hardening Gopper and Copper Alloys,of which the following is a specification.
Hy invention relates to the production of a metallic composition embracing copper and having a close or solid texture capable of high polish, of great tensile strength, capable of receiving a temper by heating and cooling, asin the tempering ofiron or steel, and suitable for a great variety of uses, among which may be named the production of journal-bearings of great durability and little friction. I attain these ends by the means hereinafter specifically described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.
Copper is melted in any well-known manner, and certain carbonates added thereto, together with charcoal, and after fusion the resulting metal or metallic compound may be poured in molds,the intermixture therewith of the slag being of course avoided. Any suit able vessel-such as aladle or crucible-made of wrought iron or steel may be employed. I have successfully practiced the invention in an iron ladle and on a common blacksmiths hearth. Those skilled in the art can readily suggest usual constructions of apparatus and furnaces for performing the operations indicated.
My invention relates to the materials em ployed,and to their use for the objects named in the manner specified, and not to any particular form of vessel or furnace.-
I add to the copper, at or before the stage of fusion, either the carbonate (or bicarbonate) of soda, potash, or lime, and may also add the carbonate of iron, zinc, or lead. Some form of carbon-such as charcoal, preferably reduced to powder-is put upon the metal andcarbonate, and is burned or partially burned during the fusion of those substances.
A sufficient amount of carbon should be used, and for such time as may be required to prevent oxidation of the metal, which may be carbon with the metal and would result in a product that could not be tempered, as above described. a
I am aware that potash and the borate of soda with sawdust and other materials have been employed for the treatment of copper, as
set forth in Patent No. 215,096, and that potash, bone-dust, zinc, or tin and charcoal have also been used, as set forth in Patent No. 247,494, and that the hydrate of an alkali and coaldust have been put on the surface of copper melted in a vessel lined with a mixture of graphite and clay, all in processes forimproving copper; but I use the carbonates of the alkalies, which serve as fluxes, and also aid in maintain ng a non-oxidizing atmosphere over the copper.
YVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is
l. The improvement in the art of refining and hardening copper, which consists in fusing the copper and a carbonate togetherin a suitable vessel and burning carbonaceous material above the same, the temperature of the copper being kept near its point of fusion, substan tial] y as described.
2. The improvement in the art of refining and hardening CQppeuv'hich consists in fusing copper and a carbonate together in a suitable vessel, supplying carbonaceous matter to the surface of the materials, removing slag, and pouring the metal, substantially as set forth and described.
FRANCIS M. FORMAN.
Witnesses:
F. D. M. DAVIS, L. P. BRo'cK.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US352615A true US352615A (en) | 1886-11-16 |
Family
ID=2421673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US352615D Expired - Lifetime US352615A (en) | Process of purifying and hardening copper and copper alloys |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US352615A (en) |
-
0
- US US352615D patent/US352615A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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