US409181A

US409181A - de ferran-ti

Info

Publication number: US409181A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1889-08-20
Anticipated expiration: 1906-08-20

Description

(No Model.)

Si Zl DE PEREA-NTL 2 Sheets-Sheet 1l CONDUCTOR TON CONVEYING ELECTRICITY.

Patented Aug. 20, 1889.

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(No Model.)

S. Z. DE FERRANTI. CONDUCTOR PON CONVEYING ELECTRICITY.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, OF IIAMPSTEAD, COUNTY OF MIDDLESEX, ENGLAND.

CONDUCTOR FOR CONVEYING ELECTRICITY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,181, dated August 20, 1889.

Application filed September 211, 1888. Serial No. 286,208. (No model.) Patented in England December 11,1885, No. 15,251; in

France December 9, 1886, No. 180,176; in Belgium Ianuary 8, 1887, No. 75,875, and in Italy Ianuary 19, 1887, No. 21,119.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI, electriciaan, subject of the Queen oi' Great Britain, residing at 120 Fellows Roads, Hampstead, in the county of Middleser, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Conductors for Conveying Electric Energy, (forwhich I have obtained Letters Iatent in Great Britain dated December 11, 1885, No. 15,251; in France dated December 9, 188G,No. 180,176; in Italy dated January 19, 1887, No. 21,119, and in Belgium dated January 8, 1887, No. 7 5,875,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention has for its object improvements in conductors for conveying electric energy and is applicable more especially for conveying powerful alternating currents from dynamos of high potential. I employ concentric conductors consisting; of metal tubes separated by insulating` material. The insulator I employ is paper saturated with ozokerit or other solid para'fne.

The tube serving as the inner conductor should be of copper. It is made in convenient lengths, each, say, twenty feet, and on each length parai'iined paper is wound to a suitable thickness. The length thus prepared is then inserted into a corresponding length of the tube intended to form the outer conductor, which also should be copper, and the whole together is then. drawn through a con edie, by which the outer tube is slightly re@ duced in size until it ni ps tightly upon the paraiiined paper lapped around the inner tube. The lengths so prepared are coupled together so that the electrical resistanceat the joint may be no more than at any other point in the length of the conductor. This is done as follows: The ends of the inner conductors are reained out to a conical form and a copper cone is inserted be tween them. The outer conductors have right and left screwthreads formed upon them. They are screwed into a corresponding tei-rule and so drawn together. The interior of the fer rule is then iilled with paraiiine and the joint is complete; or, in place of using a screw-fer rule, the ends of the conductors are drawn together by clamps within a ferrule or socketpiece made with cavities, into which white metal in a melted state is then poured. The metal when it solidiies solders the socketpiece to the outer conductors and completes the joint.

W'here an expansion-joint is required, 1 make it in the following manner: I insert into the ends of the inner conductors copper cones, which are connected by flexible strands, and I connect the outer conductors by a socket piece, as above described. The socket-piece in this case, however, is made of great length and is corrugated, so that it can elongate sufficiently to allow the expansion and cont-raction required.

To prevent an arc being formed from the inner to the outer conductor, screens of vnlcanite are inserted between the conductors or within the socket-piece. The outer tube of each conductor is cut away for some distance from the end and is replaced by a tube of vulcanite. This is loosely surrounded by another tube of vulcanite extending over the two ends, and outside this again are two other vulcanite tubes, and these are attached to the inner tubes of vulcanite beyond the extremities of the intermediate tube. Thus the free path from conductor to conductor is made sufii ciently long to avoid all risk of an arc being formed.

Among the advantages which t-hese arrangements present are the following: First, the tubular or hollow conductors convey alternating currents with more ei'iiciency than solid conductors of the same area of section; second, however high the tension such conductors are absolutely sate, for the inn er conductor is entirely incased by the outer, and the outer conductor, being everywhere uninsulated, is approximately of the same potential as the earth; third, as no insulation is required, the conductors can be laid anywhere, and no special precautions are required.

In the annexed drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the concentric con ductors. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken at a, joint. Fig. is a modification of this joint. Fig. 4t is a longitudinal section, and

Fig. 5 is a transverse section of an expansionjoint. Fig. G shows full size a transverse section oi a large electric main.

IOO

a is the inner tubular conductor, of copper. b is the outer concentric conductor, preferably 0i the same metal. c is the insulating` material between the two. This insulating material consists of paper. 'lhat on which newspapers are printed is suitable. The paper is dipped into hot paraffine, so as both to saturate it completely and to leave a thin film on the surface. The coated paper is cut to lengths equal to the length of the conductor a., and it is then rolled tightly around the conductor to the proper thickness. The outer conductor Z) is passed on to the covered inner conductor with a loose iit, and is thenv drawn down on to it, as already stated.

In, Fig. 2, d shows the copper cone inserted between the reamed-out ends of the inner con` ductor when making a joint. c shows the socket intov which the outer conductors Z) Z) are screwed, preferably with right and left screwthreads, but in any case so as to bring the ends ot the conductors a c. into contact with the cone (Z. c is a hole in the socket closed by a screw-plug. After screwing up the socket it is .filled up with paraffine, and a plug is then screwed into the hole e.

In the modification shown by Fig. the socket-piece is not screwed on, but it is provided with cavities to receive melted metal. The tubes i) i) enter the socket-piece freely. The ends oi the conductor c are drawn up to the cone d by cramps, and then. hot whitemetalis poured into the socket-piece byholes in the side. The socket-piece and the tubes Z) where the white-metal comes into contact with it should be tinned, so that the whole may become securely soldered together.

In Figs. -i and .if f are hollow cones or plugs ot copper screwed into the conductors u. c, and these are connected by flexible wire strands g g, soldered to them. The socketpiece consists of a copper tube 7L 7i, corrugated, as shown, and the rings 41' if', fitting its plain ends. These rings inclosc between them a cavity for white-metal, and when this is poured in the tubes l) and 7L and the rings 'i it" become soldered together. 7c 1 are vulcanite tubes, which are applied around the end of: each conductor c over the paper insulation after the tube f) has been shortened.

The tubes 7U' fit closely upon the paraffned paper. Z a loose intermediate tube of. vulcanite. mm are outer vnlcanitetubcs. lhey are thickened at one end and fit upon the tubes 71'/ where these also are slightly thickcned.

The ,joint between the tubes 7L'y and in is made goed with india-rubber varnish.

I am aware that British Patent No. lt of 1375 suggests the use of a tubular conductor surrounded by insulating material wrapped spirally with a copper strip.

I am also aware that it common to cover insulated wires with a sheath ot' lead, and that it has been proposed to lay such a cable in the earth or water and to use the s ixferior metal sheath as the return-conductor.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination ot' two concentric conductors consisting oit the interior metallic tube a, the exterior solid metallic tube fi, and insulating material Vfilling thc'space bet-weon them.

2. The combination oi two concentric conductors consisting, respectively, of the interior metal tube cy and the exterior solid metal tube i) and the intervening solid insulating material c, consisting of paper saturated with para'ffi ne.

23. An electric cable or comiuctor composed et an uninsulated exterior solid metallic tube h, an interior metallic tube o, and insulating material iilling the space between them.

el. The joint consisting ot two pairs oil concentric conductors U. and h, the metallic cone between the ends ot' the interior conductors c, and the socket-piece coupling the outer tubes or conductors i).

5. The joint consisting oI two pairs of concentric conductors a and l), the metallic conc d between the inner conductors, and the socket-piece c, soldered to the outer tubes or conductors i).