US4087685A - Fluorescent microanalytical system and method for detecting and identifying organic materials - Google Patents

Fluorescent microanalytical system and method for detecting and identifying organic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US4087685A
US4087685A US05/758,516 US75851677A US4087685A US 4087685 A US4087685 A US 4087685A US 75851677 A US75851677 A US 75851677A US 4087685 A US4087685 A US 4087685A
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United States
Prior art keywords
emission spectra
luminescent
materials
organic materials
organic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/758,516
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English (en)
Inventor
Howard Arthur Froot
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US05/758,516 priority Critical patent/US4087685A/en
Priority to FR7737956A priority patent/FR2377034A1/fr
Priority to JP15071477A priority patent/JPS5387670A/ja
Priority to GB52713/77A priority patent/GB1553804A/en
Priority to DE19782800415 priority patent/DE2800415A1/de
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Publication of US4087685A publication Critical patent/US4087685A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
    • G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/94—Investigating contamination, e.g. dust
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/10—Scanning
    • G01N2201/103—Scanning by mechanical motion of stage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a system and method for detection and identification of luminescent organic particulates or films on devices and, more particularly, to the detection and/or identification of these particulates or films during the manufacture of semiconductor devices.
  • each semiconductor chip contained only one or, at most, two active devices and thus required large scale production of identical chips.
  • the active geometries were fairly large and only occupied a small portion of the available area or commonly called real estate of a chip. Defect-causing particles were in the hundredths of a millimeter size range and the probability of their being in a critical region was low. In addition, while the cost per circuit was relatively high, the cost per chip was not. Because of all these factors, the economic impact of particulates was not very great.
  • the mere detection of the particulates during manufacturing is sufficient so as to monitor the contaminate level and if it exceeds a certain level to stop the manufacturing lines. In other cases, this detection must be followed by an identification of the particulate material so that its source may be found and proper corrective actions instituted to prevent its reoccurrence.
  • It is an object of the present invention is to provide a detection and identification system and method for rapidly detecting luminescent organic particulates or films without destroying the substrate or device on which they are carried.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an identification system and method which allows, during manufacture, either on-line or rapid off-line identification or specific ones of a number of organic luminescent materials known to have been introduced during some stage of the manufacture process, but have become contaminants at a later stage of the process.
  • the foregoing and other objects of the present invention is a system and method comprising means for and the steps of detecting and identifying organic luminescent material as small as submicron carried or embedded in a device by exposing the substrate to electromagnetic radiation of sufficient energy to cause the organic material to luminesce, detecting the luminescent emission spectra of the organic materials, and comparing the spectra with known spectra of organic materials used in the manufacturing process to identify one or more of the luminescent materials.
  • the system and method is designed to identify specific organic luminescent materials which are known to be used in the manufacturing process but are showing up in stages of the process where they should not be present.
  • the emission spectra of the known materials are stored in a computer and as the spectra of the materials on the device are detected and generated, the generated spectra are compared with all of the stored spectra until a one-on-one match is obtained, thereby identifying the specific material.
  • This embodiment can either be carried out on-line or off-line.
  • the system and method is designed to monitor the contaminant level of the organic luminescent materials known to be used in process so as to be able to maintain the contaminant level at a predetermined level.
  • the system is inserted in the some stages of the manufacturing line with the emission spectra of the known organic materials used in a earlier stage of the line stored in the computer.
  • a predetermined number of these contaminant particles/unit area is set in the computer and the devices are scanned by the system and the number of contaminant particles/unit area are counted and compared with the predetermined number. If the detected number exceeds the predetermined number, a visual indication is given so that corrective action can be taken.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the preferred embodiment of the system and method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a cross-section of a substrate carrying organic luminescent particles.
  • FIG. 2B is a cross-section of a substrate having a layer transparent to the emission wavelengths of the organic particles with the particles being between the substrate and the layer.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another embodiment of the system and method of the present invention.
  • organic luminescent materials absorb in the ultraviolet wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum and, because the molecules possess a series of closely spaced energy levels and can go from a lower to a higher energy level by the absorption of a discrete quantum of radiation equal in energy to the difference between the two energy states, the re-emission of this energy when the molecules return to its lower energy level is called luminescence and usually is in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
  • organic materials which luminesce the most intensely luminescent are the aromatic hydrocarbons, followed by the heteroaromatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds, the conjugated aliphatics, and the very weakly fluorescent saturated aliphatics.
  • each orbital has quantum numbers associated with it with electrons added to orbitals in order of increasing energy and according to Pauli principle.
  • a state for a molecule is determined by this orbital electronic configuration with no two materials having molecules with exactly the same energy pattern. Therefore, no two organic materials will have exactly the same emission peaks. In addition, no two organic materials will have exactly the same intensity relationship between peaks. Because of this, each material will have a unique emission spectrum.
  • the system of the present invention includes a luminescent vertical illuminator including a ultraviolet light source 10, a selection filter 11 to limit the wavelengths of the source to 2000 to 4000 A, an imaging device 12 to deflect the ultraviolet light onto a device 13, and a suppression filter 14, such as a BG 38 red, to block any light shorter than 4000 A while passing all longer wavelengths emitted from organic materials 15 on the device 13.
  • a luminescent vertical illuminator including a ultraviolet light source 10, a selection filter 11 to limit the wavelengths of the source to 2000 to 4000 A, an imaging device 12 to deflect the ultraviolet light onto a device 13, and a suppression filter 14, such as a BG 38 red, to block any light shorter than 4000 A while passing all longer wavelengths emitted from organic materials 15 on the device 13.
  • the light source 10 is a Xenon lamp emitting high intensity broad band ultraviolet light and, preferably, is a XBO 150.
  • the imaging device 12 comprises a high efficiency beam splitter 16 for deflecting the ultraviolet light through a lens 17 onto the substrate 13.
  • a dichroic beam splitter is utilized and matched to the selection filter 11 which not only reflects the ultraviolet light 90° onto the device but transmits any visible light through the beam splitter to a light trap, if desired.
  • the visible light emitted from the organic particles 15 on the device 13 will be transmitted through the beam splitter for detection and any ultraviolet light will be reflected 90° to the ultraviolet light source.
  • moderate low magnification objective lens such as APO 254/0.65 n.a.
  • the lens 17 used should not contain any autoluminescing components
  • a variable measuring diaphragm 18 is positioned in the path of the emitted light above the suppression filter.
  • the diaphragm can be stopped down to a 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ square.
  • a diaphragm variable down to this submicron size is particularly important when more than one luminescent particulate is in the field view on the device 13.
  • a scanning monochromater 19 Positioned above the diaphragm is a scanning monochromater 19, which, herein, is a Schoeffel GM100 grating monochromator with a driver 20 including a stepping motor (not shown) attached to the drive shaft (not shown).
  • a detector 21 which, in the present instant, is a S-20 type photo-multiplier tube.
  • the monochromator 19 is stepped from 4000 to 7000 A in 5 A steps under control of an IBM 5100 computer 22. At each step of the monochromator, one hundred separate intensity readings from the detector 21 are averaged and stored in the computer 22. Simultaneously, the wavelength is determined by the voltage of a linear potentiometer attached to the monochromator drive shaft and also stored.
  • the computer controls an ⁇ X ⁇ drive 23 and ⁇ Y ⁇ drive 24 to step the device stage 25 in a meander pattern so that the entire sample is scanned.
  • the stage is stopped whenever a signal is received at the detector 21. This indicates that a luminescent particle is in the field of view.
  • the monochromator is then scanned, the results analyzed and outputted according to the APL algorithm programmed in the computer and given below:
  • Name Stored name list of known materials in "store”.
  • the computer 22 can be programmed using state of the art techniques to drive a plotter to plot the intensity versus wavelength curves of the detected luminescent organic materials. The comparison is then made visually between the plotted curves and the known curves.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show two devices 13 enlarged from FIG. 1 carrying luminescent organic particles 15.
  • the contaminating particles are covered by a layer 26 as part of the manufacturing process.
  • the layer 26 is transparent to the emitting light, such as by being SiO 2 , the system and method of the present invention can be used to detect these contaminants.
  • the system of FIG. 1 has been modified to be used on the manufacturing line to monitor a predetermined level of contaminants.
  • the luminescent organic particles are not identified, but only counted so that the scanning monochromater is not necessary.
  • the predetermined level of luminescent contaminants/unit area are stored in the computer 22 which also controls the movable stage 25 to permit the exposing light to scan the device.
  • the emitting light signals from different particles/scanned unit area are detected and counted by the computer. If this number exceeds the predetermined stored number, a warning signal is given.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
US05/758,516 1977-01-11 1977-01-11 Fluorescent microanalytical system and method for detecting and identifying organic materials Expired - Lifetime US4087685A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/758,516 US4087685A (en) 1977-01-11 1977-01-11 Fluorescent microanalytical system and method for detecting and identifying organic materials
FR7737956A FR2377034A1 (fr) 1977-01-11 1977-12-09 Systeme de micro analyse par fluorescence pour detecter et identifier des materiaux organiques
JP15071477A JPS5387670A (en) 1977-01-11 1977-12-16 Device for detecting polluted material on element of organic luminescence material
GB52713/77A GB1553804A (en) 1977-01-11 1977-12-19 Detecting organic contaminants
DE19782800415 DE2800415A1 (de) 1977-01-11 1978-01-05 Einrichtung zur feststellung und identifizierung lumineszierender organischer stoffe auf einem werkstueck

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/758,516 US4087685A (en) 1977-01-11 1977-01-11 Fluorescent microanalytical system and method for detecting and identifying organic materials

Publications (1)

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US4087685A true US4087685A (en) 1978-05-02

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US (1) US4087685A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5387670A (ja)
DE (1) DE2800415A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2377034A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1553804A (ja)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4259574A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-03-31 International Business Machines Corporation Microanalysis by pulse laser emission spectroscopy
EP0056426A2 (de) * 1980-10-08 1982-07-28 Firma Carl Zeiss Vorrichtung zur Darstellung von Probenparametern
WO1984000609A1 (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-16 American Hospital Supply Corp Improved fluorometer assembly and method
US4536654A (en) * 1982-04-27 1985-08-20 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Device for detecting flaws on a piece
DE3432252A1 (de) * 1984-09-01 1986-03-06 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Messmikroskop
US4629687A (en) * 1982-07-29 1986-12-16 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Positive selection sorting of cells
US4692690A (en) * 1983-12-26 1987-09-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Pattern detecting apparatus
US4744663A (en) * 1984-12-14 1988-05-17 Nippon Kogaku K.K. Pattern position detection apparatus using laser beam
US4800282A (en) * 1985-02-07 1989-01-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for detecting residual organic compounds
US4816686A (en) * 1983-06-16 1989-03-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting wiring patterns
US4829180A (en) * 1984-03-23 1989-05-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image read-out apparatus
US5091652A (en) * 1990-01-12 1992-02-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Laser excited confocal microscope fluorescence scanner and method
WO1993022655A1 (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-11 Thiokol Corporation Acousto-optic tunable filter-based surface scanning system and process
EP0606479A1 (en) * 1991-10-01 1994-07-20 OHMI, Tadahiro Analyzer
US5399867A (en) * 1990-01-26 1995-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Foreign particle inspection apparatus
US5412219A (en) * 1993-11-22 1995-05-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for determining surface coverage by materials exhibiting different fluorescent properties
US5532817A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-07-02 The Dow Chemical Company Method of optical inspection
WO1997027503A2 (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-07-31 The Trustees Of Princeton University Organic luminescent coating for light detectors
US5998796A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-12-07 Spectrumedix Corporation Detector having a transmission grating beam splitter for multi-wavelength sample analysis
USRE36826E (en) * 1989-06-07 2000-08-22 Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd. Electrophoresis pattern reading system of fluorescence type
US6185030B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-02-06 James W. Overbeck Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6201639B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-03-13 James W. Overbeck Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6320196B1 (en) 1999-01-28 2001-11-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Multichannel high dynamic range scanner
US6580081B1 (en) * 1999-08-02 2003-06-17 Jena-Optronik Gmbh Arrangement for the detection of fluorescene radiation of matrix-shaped speciman carriers
US6653146B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2003-11-25 Chemclean Corporation Bio-burden visualization system
US20050029470A1 (en) * 2003-08-02 2005-02-10 Christian Muehlig Method for quantitative determination of the suitability of crystals for optical components exposed to high energy densities, crystals graded in this way and uses thereof
WO2006092317A1 (de) 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Ese Embedded System Engineering Gmbh Fluoreszenzmessgerät
US20070237679A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-11 Hegazi Ezzat M Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US20100151474A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2010-06-17 Vladimir Nikolaevich Afanasyev Multifunctional Device For Diagnostics and Method For Testing Biological Objects
US20140104603A1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-17 Seagate Technology Llc Feature detection with light transmitting medium

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6052763B2 (ja) * 1981-02-06 1985-11-21 株式会社クボタ 刈取機
JPS6148353U (ja) * 1984-09-01 1986-04-01
JPH04294255A (ja) * 1991-03-22 1992-10-19 Shimadzu Corp フォトルミネッセンス測定装置
JPH04294256A (ja) * 1991-03-22 1992-10-19 Shimadzu Corp フォトルミネッセンス測定装置
JP3500264B2 (ja) * 1997-01-29 2004-02-23 株式会社日立製作所 試料分析装置
EP1552281B8 (de) 2002-09-16 2016-10-19 Hellma Materials GmbH Bestimmung der eignung eines optischen materials zur herstellung von optischen elementen, eine vorrichtung hierzu und die verwendung des materials

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3774030A (en) * 1972-06-02 1973-11-20 Magnaflux Corp Defect detecting and indicating means for non-destructive testing
US3939350A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-02-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Fluorescent immunoassay employing total reflection for activation

Family Cites Families (1)

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FR2253410A5 (ja) * 1973-12-03 1975-06-27 Inst Nat Sante Rech Med

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3774030A (en) * 1972-06-02 1973-11-20 Magnaflux Corp Defect detecting and indicating means for non-destructive testing
US3939350A (en) * 1974-04-29 1976-02-17 Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Fluorescent immunoassay employing total reflection for activation

Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028322A1 (de) * 1979-11-06 1981-05-13 International Business Machines Corporation Verfahren zum Erfassen und Identifizieren von mit Rohteilen oder Werkstücken in einer Fertigungslinie einhergehenden Materialzusammensetzungen und Fremdkörpern
US4259574A (en) * 1979-11-06 1981-03-31 International Business Machines Corporation Microanalysis by pulse laser emission spectroscopy
EP0056426A2 (de) * 1980-10-08 1982-07-28 Firma Carl Zeiss Vorrichtung zur Darstellung von Probenparametern
EP0056426A3 (en) * 1980-10-08 1983-05-25 Firma Carl Zeiss Method and device for the spatial presentation of parameters of a sample using light-induced scanning microscopy
US4536654A (en) * 1982-04-27 1985-08-20 Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation Device for detecting flaws on a piece
WO1984000609A1 (en) * 1982-07-26 1984-02-16 American Hospital Supply Corp Improved fluorometer assembly and method
US4629687A (en) * 1982-07-29 1986-12-16 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Positive selection sorting of cells
US4816686A (en) * 1983-06-16 1989-03-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Method and apparatus for detecting wiring patterns
US4692690A (en) * 1983-12-26 1987-09-08 Hitachi, Ltd. Pattern detecting apparatus
US4829180A (en) * 1984-03-23 1989-05-09 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Radiation image read-out apparatus
DE3432252A1 (de) * 1984-09-01 1986-03-06 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Messmikroskop
US4674883A (en) * 1984-09-01 1987-06-23 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Measuring microscope arrangement for measuring thickness and line width of an object
US4744663A (en) * 1984-12-14 1988-05-17 Nippon Kogaku K.K. Pattern position detection apparatus using laser beam
US4800282A (en) * 1985-02-07 1989-01-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus and method for detecting residual organic compounds
USRE36826E (en) * 1989-06-07 2000-08-22 Hitachi Software Engineering Co., Ltd. Electrophoresis pattern reading system of fluorescence type
US5091652A (en) * 1990-01-12 1992-02-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Laser excited confocal microscope fluorescence scanner and method
US5399867A (en) * 1990-01-26 1995-03-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Foreign particle inspection apparatus
EP0606479A4 (en) * 1991-10-01 1994-07-27 Ohmi Tadahiro Analyzer.
EP0606479A1 (en) * 1991-10-01 1994-07-20 OHMI, Tadahiro Analyzer
WO1993022655A1 (en) * 1992-04-24 1993-11-11 Thiokol Corporation Acousto-optic tunable filter-based surface scanning system and process
US5412219A (en) * 1993-11-22 1995-05-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Method for determining surface coverage by materials exhibiting different fluorescent properties
US5532817A (en) * 1994-10-03 1996-07-02 The Dow Chemical Company Method of optical inspection
WO1997027503A2 (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-07-31 The Trustees Of Princeton University Organic luminescent coating for light detectors
WO1997027503A3 (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-10-02 Univ Princeton Organic luminescent coating for light detectors
US5986268A (en) * 1996-01-11 1999-11-16 The Trustees Of Princeton University Organic luminescent coating for light detectors
US6005252A (en) * 1996-01-11 1999-12-21 The Trustees Of Princeton University Method and apparatus for measuring film spectral properties
US5998796A (en) * 1997-12-22 1999-12-07 Spectrumedix Corporation Detector having a transmission grating beam splitter for multi-wavelength sample analysis
US6118127A (en) * 1997-12-22 2000-09-12 Spectrumedix Corporation Detector having a transmission grating beam splitter for multi-wavelength sample analysis
US6185030B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-02-06 James W. Overbeck Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6201639B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-03-13 James W. Overbeck Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6335824B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2002-01-01 Genetic Microsystems, Inc. Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US7312919B2 (en) 1998-03-20 2007-12-25 Affymetrix, Inc. Wide field of view and high speed scanning microscopy
US6320196B1 (en) 1999-01-28 2001-11-20 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Multichannel high dynamic range scanner
US6580081B1 (en) * 1999-08-02 2003-06-17 Jena-Optronik Gmbh Arrangement for the detection of fluorescene radiation of matrix-shaped speciman carriers
US6653146B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2003-11-25 Chemclean Corporation Bio-burden visualization system
US7170069B2 (en) 2003-08-02 2007-01-30 Schott Ag Method for quantitative determination of the suitability of crystals for optical components exposed to high energy densities, crystals graded in this way and uses thereof
US20050029470A1 (en) * 2003-08-02 2005-02-10 Christian Muehlig Method for quantitative determination of the suitability of crystals for optical components exposed to high energy densities, crystals graded in this way and uses thereof
WO2006092317A1 (de) 2005-03-03 2006-09-08 Ese Embedded System Engineering Gmbh Fluoreszenzmessgerät
US8269966B2 (en) 2005-03-03 2012-09-18 Qiagen Lake Constance Gmbh Fluorescence meter
US20080144028A1 (en) * 2005-03-03 2008-06-19 Roman Gruler Fluorescence Meter
EP2522986A1 (de) * 2005-03-03 2012-11-14 QIAGEN Lake Constance GmbH Fluoreszenzmessgerät
US20070237679A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-11 Hegazi Ezzat M Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US7846390B2 (en) * 2006-03-30 2010-12-07 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US8045154B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2011-10-25 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US8263000B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2012-09-11 King Fahd University Of Petroleum & Minerals Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US20090290144A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2009-11-26 Hegazi Ezzat M Apparatus and method for measuring concentrations of fuel mixtures using depth-resolved laser-induced fluorescence
US20100151474A1 (en) * 2007-06-25 2010-06-17 Vladimir Nikolaevich Afanasyev Multifunctional Device For Diagnostics and Method For Testing Biological Objects
US20140104603A1 (en) * 2012-10-15 2014-04-17 Seagate Technology Llc Feature detection with light transmitting medium
US10234400B2 (en) * 2012-10-15 2019-03-19 Seagate Technology Llc Feature detection with light transmitting medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1553804A (en) 1979-10-10
JPS5410833B2 (ja) 1979-05-10
DE2800415A1 (de) 1978-07-13
JPS5387670A (en) 1978-08-02
FR2377034A1 (fr) 1978-08-04
FR2377034B1 (ja) 1980-08-22

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