US4042352A - Method for the removal of the dusts from combustion exhaust gases - Google Patents
Method for the removal of the dusts from combustion exhaust gases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4042352A US4042352A US05/679,447 US67944776A US4042352A US 4042352 A US4042352 A US 4042352A US 67944776 A US67944776 A US 67944776A US 4042352 A US4042352 A US 4042352A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- dusts
- oxide
- pores
- packed bed
- combustion exhaust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017344 Fe2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].[K+] FZFYOUJTOSBFPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the removal of dust from the combustion exhaust gases. More particularly, it relates to a method for the removal of dusts from the combustion exhaust gases of heavy oils by using a fixed packed bed filled with a specific filler.
- the dusts accompanied with gases may be removed by a mechanical means, such as a filtration with a packed bed filled with a filler having a comparatively small particle size, such as sands, glass beads, alumina particles, or the like.
- a mechanical means such as a filtration with a packed bed filled with a filler having a comparatively small particle size, such as sands, glass beads, alumina particles, or the like.
- the pressure loss is comparatively large, and furthermore, the dusts contained in the gases are collected and accumulated in the packed bed, which causes a considerable increase of the pressure loss at the fixed packed bed. Accordingly, it has been considered that the removal of the dusts with a fixed packed bed is not suitable, when a large volume of gases, such as the combustion exhaust gases, should be treated.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for the removal of the dusts from a large volume of gases, such as the combustion exhaust gases, with a minor pressure loss.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for the removal of the dusts from the combustion exhaust gases by using a fixed packed bed filled with a specific filler.
- the removal of the dusts is carried out by using a fixed packed bed filled with a spherical, cylindrical or annular filler comprising predominantly a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ferric oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), sodium oxide (Na 2 O), potassium oxide (K 2 O), or a combination of two or more thereof, preferably aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, or a combination thereof, which contains pores having a pore diameter which ranges from 100 to 70,000A and a pore volume of not less than 0.1 cm 3 /g, preferably at least 20% of the pores have a diameter of not less than 1,000A, and the filler has a diameter of from 1 mm to 15 mm at minimum.
- the filler may be in a spherical, cylindrical or annular shape.
- the filler used for the removal of the dusts should have a smaller diameter in comparison with the diameter of the dusts.
- the present invention is characterized in that larger fillers are used, for instance, when the diameter of the dusts is 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, the spherical filler has a diameter of from 2 to 10 mm. The reason is that the removal of the dusts in the present invention is effected by absorbing and trapping the dusts in the pores of the filler, but not by screening the dusts with fillers having a smaller pore as in the conventional methods.
- the fillers when the fillers contain the pores having a pore diameter which ranges from 100 to 70,000A and a pore volume of not less than 0.1 cm 3 /g, preferably at least 20% of the pores have a pore diameter of not less than 1,000A, even if the fillers are far larger than the dusts, the dusts are largely collected in the fixed packed bed (the uncollected dusts are so slight) and further the pressure loss is significantly small.
- the fillers used in the present invention should contain pores, preferably at least 20% of the pores having a pore diameter of not less than 1,000A, because the fillers containing such large pores can effectively adsorb and trap the dusts of the combustion exhaust gases, which comprise predominantly carbons having a particle size of about 1,000 A at minimum. Accordingly, it is more preferable to use the fillers containing pores preferably at least 15% of the pores having a pore diameter of not less than 10,000 A. When the fillers do not contain those pores having a pore diameter of not less than 1,000 A, the porosity of the fillers is decreased by the dusts adsorbed on the surface of the fillers, which results in the remarkable increase of the pressure loss and therefore the process can not be continuously operated for a long period of time.
- the fillers used in the present invention should have a pore volume of not less than 0.1 cm 3 /g, the pore diameters of which range from 100 to 70,000 A.
- the pore diameters of the fillers range from 1,000 to 70,000 A.
- the combustion exhaust gases such as the gases from a boiler
- the combustion exhaust gases can be directly introduced into the fixed packed bed, and therefore, it is very convenient to apply to the catalytically reductive removal of the nitrogen oxides with ammonia.
- the combustion exhaust gases are firstly subjected to the partial removal of the dusts with a multicyclone, and then, introduced into the fixed packed bed filled with the specific filler of the present invention. In such a case, the process can be continuously operated for a longer time.
- two series of the fixed packed beds are provided in parallel and are alternately operated, that is, when one of them is being utilized, the fillers of the other one are regenerated or exchanged with fresh fillers.
- the method of the present invention is particularly useful for the removal of the dusts from the combustion exhaust gases of heavy oils, and after removing the dusts, the combustion exhaust gases can be subjected to the catalytically reductive removal of the nitrogen oxides without heating or cooling.
- the present invention is illustrated by the following Examples but is not limited thereto.
- a fixed packed bed type dust-removing device is provided at the upper end of the catalyst bed for the selective removal of nitrogen oxides.
- the used fillers are spherical ones (diameter: 4 -- 6 mm) comprising predominantly aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) and contains a large amount (about 60 % on the basis of the whole pores contained in the fillers) of pores having a pore diameter of not less than 1,000 A and a comparatively large amount (about 15 %) of pores having a pore diameter of 10,000 A, and further, the pore volume of the pores ranging from 100 to 70,000 A in the pore diameter is 0.38 cm 3 /g.
- the filling amount of the fillers in the fixed packed bed is 4,660 liters.
- the exhaust gas has a temperature of about 300 to 350° C. and is conveyed at a rate of 20,000 Nm 3 /hour.
- the concentration of the dusts is 45 - 50 mg/Nm 3 at the inlet of the fixed packed bed and 7 - 11 mg/Nm 3 at the outlet of the fixed packed bed.
- the concentration of the dusts is measured by the method described in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Z-8808, type I (a cylindrical filter paper made from silica is used).
- Example 2 The same combustion exhaust gas from a boiler as in Example 1 is treated with the two fixed packed beds which are provided in parallel.
- the gas flow amount, the temperature of the gas, the concentration of the dusts at the inlet of the fixed packed bed and the filling amount of the filler per one bed are the same as in Example 1.
- the used fillers are a spherical one (diameter: 3 - 5 mm) comprising predominantly ⁇ -alumina and contains about 20 % of the pores having a pore diameter of not less than 1,000 A, and the pore volume of the pores ranging from 100 to 70,000 A in the pore diameter is 0.40 cm 3 /g.
- the concentration of the dusts at the outlet of the fixed packed bed is 6 - 10 mg/Nm 3 .
- the pressure loss at the fixed packed bed is increased from 25 mmAq to 34 mmAq, and then, the gas flow is changed to another packed bed provided in parallel with a damper. After changing the gas flow, the device is continuously operated for about 3,000 hours, and then the pressure loss at the fixed packed bed is increased from 23 mmAq to 28 mmAq.
- the concentration of the dusts at the outlet of the fixed packed bed is so small as 7 - 11 mg/Nm 3 .
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP50049249A JPS51123966A (en) | 1975-04-22 | 1975-04-22 | Removing method of dust contained in a combustion exhaust gas |
| JA50-49249 | 1975-04-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4042352A true US4042352A (en) | 1977-08-16 |
Family
ID=12825564
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/679,447 Expired - Lifetime US4042352A (en) | 1975-04-22 | 1976-04-22 | Method for the removal of the dusts from combustion exhaust gases |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4042352A (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPS51123966A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE2617491A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2308398A1 (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB1510272A (fr) |
| IT (1) | IT1059499B (fr) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5620669A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1997-04-15 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Catalytic filter material and method of making same |
| WO1997014650A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-24 | Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement S.A. | PARTICULES DE Ca(OH)¿2? |
| US20040194623A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2004-10-07 | Brownell Kyle A. | Two stage air filter |
| US20050002833A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-01-06 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Filtration media |
| US20050028498A1 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-02-10 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Separation apparatus |
| US20050087069A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | High capture efficiency baffle |
| US20050126139A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-16 | Air Institution, Inc. | Exhaust gas filter and filtering system |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4319891A (en) * | 1980-11-13 | 1982-03-16 | Gas Research Institute | Combined sonic agglomerator/cross flow gas filtration system and method |
| US4378976A (en) * | 1981-08-14 | 1983-04-05 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Combined sonic agglomerator/cross flow filtration apparatus and process for solid particle and/or liquid droplet removal from gas streams |
| JP2578176B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-12 | 1997-02-05 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 多孔質セラミックハニカムフィルターおよびその製法 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698305A (en) * | 1951-03-23 | 1954-12-28 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Process for controlling pore size |
| US2963519A (en) * | 1957-09-03 | 1960-12-06 | Signal Oil & Gas Co | Zeolitic molecular sieve adsorption process using the adsorbate as the desorbing medium |
| US3252271A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1966-05-24 | Loranus P Hatch | Particle filter |
| US3505008A (en) * | 1967-10-30 | 1970-04-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Separation of fly ash and sulfur dioxide from flue gases |
| US3888972A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1975-06-10 | Andrei Vladimirovich Kiselev | Process for preparation of wide-pore adsorbent for use in chromatography |
| US3935299A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1976-01-27 | Andrei Vladimirovich Kiselev | Process for preparation of wide-pore adsorbent for use in chromatography |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7209281A (fr) * | 1971-09-15 | 1973-03-19 | ||
| JPS4897169A (fr) * | 1972-03-24 | 1973-12-11 |
-
1975
- 1975-04-22 JP JP50049249A patent/JPS51123966A/ja active Pending
-
1976
- 1976-04-21 FR FR7611771A patent/FR2308398A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-04-22 US US05/679,447 patent/US4042352A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-04-22 IT IT67974/76A patent/IT1059499B/it active
- 1976-04-22 DE DE19762617491 patent/DE2617491A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-04-22 GB GB16366/76A patent/GB1510272A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2698305A (en) * | 1951-03-23 | 1954-12-28 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Process for controlling pore size |
| US2963519A (en) * | 1957-09-03 | 1960-12-06 | Signal Oil & Gas Co | Zeolitic molecular sieve adsorption process using the adsorbate as the desorbing medium |
| US3252271A (en) * | 1964-04-03 | 1966-05-24 | Loranus P Hatch | Particle filter |
| US3505008A (en) * | 1967-10-30 | 1970-04-07 | Dow Chemical Co | Separation of fly ash and sulfur dioxide from flue gases |
| US3888972A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1975-06-10 | Andrei Vladimirovich Kiselev | Process for preparation of wide-pore adsorbent for use in chromatography |
| US3935299A (en) * | 1972-05-11 | 1976-01-27 | Andrei Vladimirovich Kiselev | Process for preparation of wide-pore adsorbent for use in chromatography |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5620669A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1997-04-15 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Catalytic filter material and method of making same |
| US5843390A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-12-01 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Method of using a catalytic filter |
| WO1997014650A1 (fr) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-24 | Lhoist Recherche Et Developpement S.A. | PARTICULES DE Ca(OH)¿2? |
| BE1009692A3 (fr) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-07-01 | Lhoist Rech & Dev Sa | PARTICULES DE Ca(OH)2. |
| US6322769B1 (en) | 1995-10-19 | 2001-11-27 | Lloist Recherche Et Developpement S.A. | Ca(OH)2 particles |
| US7018449B2 (en) | 2001-03-01 | 2006-03-28 | Phillips Plastic Corporation | Filtration media |
| US20050002833A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-01-06 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Filtration media |
| US20050016376A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2005-01-27 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Filtration media |
| US7115160B2 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2006-10-03 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Filtration media |
| US6994743B2 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2006-02-07 | Greenheck Fan Corporation | Two stage air filter |
| US20040194623A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2004-10-07 | Brownell Kyle A. | Two stage air filter |
| US20050028498A1 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-02-10 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Separation apparatus |
| US7041159B2 (en) | 2003-08-04 | 2006-05-09 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | Separation apparatus |
| US20050087069A1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-04-28 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | High capture efficiency baffle |
| US7166140B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-01-23 | Phillips Plastics Corporation | High capture efficiency baffle |
| US20050126139A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2005-06-16 | Air Institution, Inc. | Exhaust gas filter and filtering system |
| US7320723B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2008-01-22 | Air Institution, Inc. | Exhaust gas filter and filtering system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1059499B (it) | 1982-05-31 |
| JPS51123966A (en) | 1976-10-29 |
| DE2617491A1 (de) | 1976-11-04 |
| GB1510272A (en) | 1978-05-10 |
| FR2308398B1 (fr) | 1979-07-13 |
| FR2308398A1 (fr) | 1976-11-19 |
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