US403445A - Chiney - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A. R. PEUHINEY. A

APPARATUS FOR MAKING GHLORINB.

No. 403,445. PatentedMay 14, 1889.

| z I Q I! 6 B 2 T (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. 4. R. PBOHINEY. APPARATUS FOR MAKING OHLORINE.

No. 403,445. Patented May 14, 1889.

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A. R. PEOHINEY.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING OHLORINE.

No. 403,445. Patented May 14, 1889.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED RAXGOD PECIIINEY, OF SALINDRES, GARD, FRANCE, ASSIGNOR TO THE \VEITDONS CIILORINE PROCESSES COMPANY, (LIMITED,) OF

\VESTMINST ER, ENGLAND.

APPARATUS FOR MAKING CHLORINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 403,445, dated May 14, 1889. Application filed May 21, 1888. Serial No. 274,580. (No model.) Patented in England August 1, 1885, No. 9,225-

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that'I, ALFRED RANooD PE- CHINEY, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Salindres, (Gard,) in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Making Chlorine out of Contact with the Products of the Combustion of the Fuel Employed, (for which I have received Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 9,225, dated August 1, 1885,) of which the following is a specification.

In an application filedthe 10th day of May,

1886, Serial X0. 203,336, I described an apparatus for heating solid substances out of con tact with the products of combustion of the fuel employed.

The apparatus which constitutes the present invention differs from the particular form of apparatus described in the specification of that application, especially in two particulars. Both in the former apparatus and in the apparatus which constitutes the present invention the furnace proper consists of a series of working-chambers but whereas in the former apparatus the working-chambers are so arranged and disposed that the products of combustion employed to heat them traverse successively every chamber of the series, either entering at the top of the first chamber, passing from the bottom of the first chamber into the lower part of the second chamber, then passing from the top of the second chamber into the upper part of the third chamber, and so on,.or entering at the bottom of the first chamber, passing from the top of the first chamber into the upper part of the second chamber, then passing from the bottom of the second chamber into the lower part of the third chamber, and so on successively, in the apparatus which constitutes the present invention the products of combustion employed to heat its working-chambers do not pass from one of those chambers to another of them, entering one of them by its lower or upper extremity and the next by its upper or lower extremity, and so on successively, but all the working-chambers communicate by the same extremity of each of them with a common combustion-chamber, and products of comb ustion enter each of the working-chambers directly from the combustion-chamber, entering all the working-chambers either at the upper extremity of each of them or at the lower extremity of each of them, and the products of combustion which have traversed one working-chamber not passing on to another working-chamber, but passing directly from the one working-chamber which they have traversed into other apparatus, as will be hereinafter explained. Secondly, whereas the former apparatus included two fixed regenerators, in the apparatus which constitutes the present invention there is substituted for those two. fixed regenerators a movable burner, which is preferably, though not necessarily, a regenerator also.

The accompanying three sheets of drawings represent the apparatus which constitutes the present invention when that apparatus is so disposed that the products of combustion employed to heat its working-chambers enter those chambers at the upper extremity of each of them. They show an apparatus having four working-chambers. It will be well understood, however, that the number of working-chambers per apparatus may be more or less than four, and also that the products of combustion employed to heat its Working-chambers may enter each of those chambers at its lower extremityinstead of at its upper extremity, as in the apparatus shown in the drawings.

Vhile applicable to many other purposes also, the apparatus which constitutes the present invention is especially useful for decomposing solid chemical compounds by heating them in a current either of air or of any gas or gases, or of steam or other vapor, or of any mixture of a gas or gases with a Vapor or vapors. In the following description it will be supposed that the apparatus is employed for heating magnesium oxychloride in a current of air.

The apparatus is illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a vertical section of the furnace proper and movable regenerative burner. Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section of the furiron plates and securely armatured.

nace proper and movable regenerative burner. The upper part of this section is taken along the line C D, Fig. 1, and the lower part of it along the line E F, Fig. 1. Both in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2 the movable regenerative burner is shown in the position in relation to the furnace proper which it occupies during the operation of heating up the working-chambers of the latter. Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of the furnace proper,.taken at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section along the line G H, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is avertical section of the furnace proper after its working-chambers have been heated up, the movable regenerative burner removed, and the working-chambers of the furnace proper charged with the solid material which is to be treated in them. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section taken along the line I J, Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the movable regenerative burner, taken along the broken line K L, Fig. l.

The same letters refer to the same parts of the apparatus in all thefigures.

In the following description it will be supposed that the chlorine-yielding body which is heated in a current of air is oxychloride of magneslum.

A A A A are four narrow working-chambers having very thick walls. The upper eX- tremity of each chamber A opens into the combustion-chamber B. The lower extremity of each chamber A communicates with one of the four horizontal channels a a a a.

D, Figs. 1 and 7, is the movable regenerative burner. It consists of a system of cast-iron pipes contained in an envelope of masonry, which envelope of masonry is incased with The cast-iron pipes are of rectangular section, and each of them is divided by two vertical partitions into three compartments, 7 0 u. The central compartments, 0 0 0, &c., convey gaseous fuel into the combustion-chamber B, and

the side compartments, 1; and u, convey'air into the combustion-chamber.

The gaseous fuel is supplied by the main pipe, upon which is the valve N, Fig. 2, from which main pipe it passes by the pipes Vand C, Fig. 2, into the flue-c, Figs. 1 and 7, from which flue c it enters the compartments 0 0 0 by apertures at the bottom of those compartments. Having reached the upper extremity of the compartments 0 0 0, the gaseous fuel issues into the combustion-chamber B by the small pipes 01 d (1, Figs. 1, 2, and 7. The air which is to burn the gaseous fuel enters at the bottom of the compartments 1' and u, and,

having risen to the upper extremity of those compartments, issues into the combustionchamber by the wide flat pipe T, Fig. 1. It will be seen from Figs. 1 and 7 that the small pipes dd (1 pass through this wide flat pipe T, and that the small pipes cl (Z d are a little longer than the flat pipe T.

The pipe V, Fig. 2,is fixed to the main pipe, on which is the valve N. The pipe 0, Fig. 2,

is fixed to the movable regenerative burner. NVhen the movable regenerative burner is in the position in relation to the furnace proper in which it is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the pipe C communicates with the pipe V at the point U, Fig. 2. The joint at U is one which can be readily made and readily unmade.

From the combustion-chamber B products of combustion enter the narrow workingchambersA A A A by the upper extremity of each of them. After traversing these chambers downward they pass off by the four horizontal channels a a a, a into the movable regenerative burner. Following the direction of the arrows in Fig. 1,theyfirst pass upward through the fines Z Z Z, Figsrl and 2, and then travel downward, circulating round the rectangular cast-iron vertical pipes which have been described, and passing between those rectangular pipes, and then passing off from the burner by the pipe P, Figs. 1 and 2, which conveys them to the flue G, Fig. 1. In thus passing downward through the movable burner they heat the gaseous fuel which is passing upward through the compartments 0 and the air which is passing upward through the compartments 2' and u.

The-pipe P, which is fixed, communicates with the flue by which products of combustion pass off from the movable burner by the piece Q, the lower part of which fits into 'the upper part of the pipe P in such manner that the piece Q can be raised or lowered by the lever S.

It will be seen from Figs. 1 and 7 that the whole regenerative burner is mounted on wheels. When the burner is in the position in relation to the furnace proper in which it is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the wheels of the movable regenerative burner stand on rails upon a truck, K K, Figs. 1, 2, and 7. This truck also stands on rails. When the truck is drawn a short distance from the furnace proper, the rails on the truck K become in such a position in relation to other rails, one of which is shown at r, Fig. 1, that the burner can be transferred to those other rails and drawn along them onto another truck installed opposite another furnace. Thus while oxychloride of magnesium is being heated in a current of air in one furnace the movable regenerative burner can be employed to heat up the working-chambers of another similar furnace.

The working of the apparatus will now be easily understood.

When the four working-chambers A A A A nace proper until the wheels of the burner are opposite the rails, one of lvhich is marked 7' in Fig. 1. The openings by which products of combustion have entered the workingchambers must now be closed by the doors E E, Figs. 1 and 5, and the opening by which those products of combustion have passed off from the working chambers must be closed by the doors F F F, Figs. 1, 5, and 6. One door E and one door F suffice for the whole furnace, as will be seen as regards the doorF from Fig. 6. The doorsE and F are hung 011 hinges, as will be understood from Fig. 1, and when they are in position to close the openings to which they correspond they are pressed tightly against their seats by screws, as shown in Figs. 5 and U. The worklug-chambers A A A A have now to be charged with oxychloride of magnesium in small pieces from a tipwagon charged therewith, which has been previously brought into position 011 the top of the furnace. The oxychloride enters the working-chambers by the opening H H H, Figs. 1, 3, and 5. The cover or door which closes this opening is seen in Figs], 3, and 5, but is not marked with any letter. This cover having been removed, ahopper is brought over the opening H and oxychloride is then poured into the hopper, whence it falls into the workingchambers A.A A A. The door or cover of the opening H is then rapidly replaced, and air is then admitted into A A A A through apertures in the door E, which apertures are not shown in the drawings. The oxychloride rapidly becomes heated by absorption of some of the heat previously stored up in the walls of the chambers in which it is contained, and there passes oif from those chambers a mixture of gases and vapors containing both free chlorine and vapor of hydrochloric acid. This mixture of gases and vapors passes off from A A A A by the horizontal channels a a a a into the va' cant space between the masonry of the furnace and the door F, which vacant space is seen in Fig. 6, and then passes by the channel Z, Figs. 2, 4, and 6, into the pipe m, Figs. 2, 3, i, and 0. From the pipe at the said mixture of gases andvapors is conveyed to apparatus for condensing out of it its vapor of hydrochloric acid, and what passes off from that apparatus then goes onto apparatus for the absorption of its chlorine. The air which enters the chambers A A A A through apertures in the door E may either be forced in under pressure or be drawn in by means of an aspirator. It is preferable that it should be drawn in by means of an aspirator, and that this aspirator should be placed after the chlorine-absorption apparatus.

lVhen the decomposition of the oxychloride has proceeded sufficiently far, the admission of air into the working-chambers must be arrested, the door-F must be opened, and the residual oxide contained in the chambers A A A A must then be discharged. That residual oxide is drawn out of the horizontal channels a a a a by means of a suitable rake. If needbe, to facilitate the descent of the said residual oxide to the bottom of each chamber A A A A, a tool may be introduced into the upper extremities of those chambers by the opening II. \Vhen the residual oxide has been completely discharged, the cover of the opening H must be replaced, and then, the

door E having been opened, the movable regenerative burner must be brought back into the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1, and the working-chambers of the furnace proper must then be heated up again for another operation.

\Vhen the apparatus is not employed for heating oxychloride of magnesium in a current of air, or for heating the material treated, whatever be that material, in a current of gas or vapor, and when the material treated does not itself give off gas or vapor during the operation of heating it, neitherholes in the door E nor the channel Z nor the pipe on will be required.

Each working-chamber may be provided with a sight-hole capable of being'opened and closed at will, through which the temperature of the contents of the narrow working-chainbers may be observed. Such a sight-hole is shown at y, Fig. 1.

The details of the apparatus thus described may be varied in many ways. For example, without departing from the principle of the apparatus above described, the number of working-chambers in that part of the apparatus which constitutes the furnace proper may be greater or less than four; that part of the apparatus maybe so disposed that the products of combustion entering the workingchambers may pass in at their lower extremi ties and pass out at their upper extremities, the current of air or gas or vapor which afterward enters them doing the same; and the mode of charging the working-chambers, the method of discharging those chambers, the method of closing the various openings in the furnace, and the mode of constructing and working the movable regenerative burner may all be varied from those above described. Moreover, the movable burner need not necessarily be a regenerator also, though it will usually be preferable that it should be so.

What I claim is 1. In an apparatus for heating solid bodies out of contact with products of combustion of the fuel employed, the combination of thenections for leading the heated air and gas or the products of combustion froni the burner to the furnace proper and back to the burner, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for heating solid bodies out of contact with the products of combustion of the fuel employed, the combination of a furnace proper, consisting of one or more narrow working-chambers having thick walls,

the said chambers (when the apparatus contains more than one of them) not communicating with one another, but all communicating with a common combustion-chamber a movable burner for heating the narrow chambers, and connections for leading the heated air and gas or the products of combustion from the burner to the furnace proper and back to the burner, substantially as described. 1

4E. The combination of the furnace having thick walls and narrow passages or compartments connected at one "end with acommon supply-chamber and having a discharge-opening at the opposite end, doors for closing said openings, a burner communicating with the entrance and discharge openings and mounted on movable supports, whereby it may be withdrawn from the furnace, the gassupply pipe, detachable connections between the gas-supply pipe and the burner; the airpipe, and detachable connections between the air-pipe and the burner, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of the furnace having thick walls and divided into a series of narrow compartments communicating at one end with a common supply-chamber and at the opposite end with an exit-opening, the burner movable toward and from the furnace and parallel therewith and divided into a series of compartments, the air-openings through which air is supplied to some ofthe compartments, a gas-pipe, connections between the gas-pipe and the burner, the flue, and connections between the burner and the flue for carrying off the products of combustion after their passage through the furnace, substantially as set forth.

ALFRED RANGOD PECHINEY.

Witnesses: I

'lHos. BARBOUR, J. FoBIM.

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