US402628A - stanley - Google Patents

Description

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R. STANLEY.

BRICK KILN.

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No@ 402,628. Patented May 7. 1889.

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BRICK KVILN.

180.402,828. 8.8888888 May '1, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

REGINALD STANLEY, OF NUNEATON, COUNTY OF VARVIOK, ENGLAND.

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SPECIFICATION forming-part of Letters Patent No. 402,628, dated May 7, 1889. Application filed November 14, 1888. Serial No. 290,773. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, REGINALD STANLEY, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Nuneaton, in the county of Warwick, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Ovens or Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other Articles, of which the following is a specication.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of ovens, kilns, and chambers (which,'for the convenience of description, are hereinafter generally referred to as "cha1nbers) for baking or burning bricks, tilles, clay goods,and other material and artic es. v

My improvements are applicable to muflied chambers, or those in which the heated gases and lire circulate around the chambers but do not come into direct contact, or only 4partially so, with the contents of the chambers.

In order to enable my invention to be fully understood, I will describe how it can be carried into practiceV by reference tothe accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a horizontal section of an oven or kilmhaving mufiied chambersforburning bricks, tiles, and other articles, and constructed accordingto my invention. Fig. 2 is a side or end elevation of one range of chambers, showing the entrances or wickets and re-doors and the manner in which the chambers are bound together. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the oven or kiln, the section being taken through the line A A of Fig. I. Fig. 4c is a cross-section taken through the line B B of Fig. l. Fig. pis a longitudinal section taken through the line D D. of Fig. 1.

Similar letters in all t-he figures indicate similar parts.

In the applicationnof my improvements to this class of ovens or kilns I construct a number 4of long and narrow chambers, a a, arranged parallel with one another and having arched roofs b b. In these chambers are placed the goods or materials to be baked or burned,

fand I have found it advantageous'to employ `two sets or series of such chambers, as clearly shown in Fig. l, connected by flues c a', hereinafter more fully referred to.

Between the chambers are formed spaces or flues c c, (which, for the sake of description, I term lateral iiues,) and along which the fire and gases travel or circulate.

c2 a2 are the outer front andv back Walls of the kiln.

The side walls, d d, of the chambers a c, which also form the side walls of the lateral lues c c, are constructed of fire-bricks, and are as thin as possible consistent with the strength required to resist the action of the fire and weight of the arches so as to allor the heat to quickly penetrate into and through the contents of the chambers.

At each end of the lateral tlues c, (or at one end only,) and also in the outer walls, a2, I construct fire-holes e e, with doors fj' and bars, in the ordinary manner, to allow of the introduction of fuel, as required, the bars being sanded over and the doors closed tightly when notbeing fired to prevent the entry of cold air.

Both ends of the parallel chambers can be opened when not being used for burning, for the convenience of drawing and setting, or one end only is left open for that purpose, the other being built up with a double end wall, between which the re and gases circulate. When set for burning, the open ends of the chambers a, are closed with double walls or wickets g h, Fig. l, formed by building up theopenings c', Fig. 2, with loose bricks and plastering them over, between which walls or covered-up openings the lire passes or circulates, openings as of* (shown in Fig. 3) being provided for that purpose in the walls d d. These openings also allow the re to pass from one lateral iue c to the next. The openings c. before being covered up, as described,I form t-he entrances to the chambers ce, through which the goods or materials to be baked or burned are taken into the said chambers.

At the ends of each of the parallel chambers cc, between the end walls or wickets, g h, are openings t' in the bottom leading down into underneath tlues,jj, extending along and under the ends of the parallel chambers a, in a direction at right angles to them, into fiues k k, leading to a chimney, l, (or chimneys.) When the openings t' are not required to be IOO open, they are covered with tire-clay slabs or dampers m m, or with other suitable coverings.

Access is obtained to the dam pers m through a space, h', (shown in Fig. 2,) left in the front wicket, 71, and made by building a bar of iron in the brick-work, which space is afterward closed by being built and daubed up.

d d are dampers for stopping communication between the i'lues 767s and the chimney Z.

e c are dampers for stopping the fiues a', serving', when required, to conduct the heated gases from one set of chambers te the other.

In addition to the lateral iiues c, that eenvey the bulk of the fire and gases, Icenstruct the top and betteln of the chambers with double walls, so as to form spaces (shown at a and o, respectively, in Figs. 3 and 4) for the fire and gases to circulate through in communication with the fire and gases in the lateral iues c, and which together descend through the openings t' into the underneath iiues, 7'. The fire and gases traversing the double top and bottom are prevented from crossing from one side to the other before they have traveled the length of the chambers a. I sometimes, however, make both the arches and bottom of solid brickwork, allowing the heat to radiate from the lateral iues only.

` The iire and gases employed to bake or burn the contents of the chambers aI travel horizontally in the iues c around the chambers for the distance required, and are drawn toward the opening or openings fz, which may be uncovered for that purpose, inte the underneath iiues, v7', and from thence into the chimney 7, up which they ascend and escape into the atmosphere. The draft caused by the chimney makes the fires burn fiercely in the fire-holes e, as many of which are fired at one time as may be required. The iire and gases are allowed to escape inte the underneath flues,j, at one or more of the openingsz' before they reach the last chamber that is being heated. lVhen, however, the number of chambers in the range is small, the iire and gases may be allowed to circulate around all the chambers a and escape into the underneath iiues,j, through the last opening or openings 1, or that nearest te the chimney Z.

The re-holes are successively charged and red from the farthest from the chimney toward the latter, either one or more chambers being under the hottest lire at once.

Trial-holes p p, Fig. 4, are made through the arches, and are also sometimes left through the wickets g h of the chambers a, and t-hrough these holes trials are drawn and the progress of the heating and burning' can be watched, and thus regulated. Other holes, q q, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4,) are left opening into the lateral filles c, through which the progress of the firing is inspected and fuel is sometimes dropped.

Holes r r, Fig. 3, are left in the inside end walls or wickets toward the chimney, and are kept open to allow the escape of any steam that may be produced in the process of drying. Small openings are left in the front inside wickets,and sometimes I insert pipes s in the outside wickets to allow the entrance of a small current of air, which will assist in carrying off the steam which may be generated during the drying. These holes can be stopped up when the contents have become dry as the burning proceeds, and if the eentents and chambers are quite dry at the commencement the holes would of course not be required.

t t, Fig. 2, are iron girders, and u u are wire ropes for holding the brick-work together.

it' represents soil or other suitable material covering the arches in order to keep in heat while the chambers are being fired, and it also forms a iioor on which to walk, or on which goods can be dried before they are burned, in which case I coverthe whole with a roof.

)Viren only one of the sets or ranges of chambers is used, the fire and hea-ted gases, after arriving at the last chamber a, or that nearest to the chimney I, ycan be allowed to escape directly into the flue 7c; or they may be caused to return back along the underneath flues, j, and heat the iirst chamber of the range by closing the damper e and unstepping the nearest opening fi, the next adjoining opening a3 being built up, when the lire and heated gases will descend into the underneath fines, j, and proceed back toward the most distant opening i from the chimney, up which they will ascend and circulate around and heat or help to heat the chamber a farthest from the chimney.

In practice the front and back fire-holes c are first fired until the' outer iue c of the first chamber a is heated sufliciently, when the first of the side fire-holes c is red, the flame and gases circulating along the lateral fiues c, around as many of the parallel chambers a as may be required to be warmed and heated, when they are allowed to escape down one or more of the openings c' into the underneath fiuesj, whence they are drawn to the chimney Z. )Vlien the materials in the rst chamber a are sufficiently baked or burned, the front erback fire-holes e and the first end tire-hele c are closed up and the tire-bars sanded down, so that no more cold air can enter than is required to cool the chamber quickly or slowly, according to the nature of its contents. The same process is observed with the second chamber when the goods therein have become suiiiciently baked or burned. As fast as the goods in the back chambers are sufficient] y burned and the fireholes closed and bars dampered down, other fire-holes c toward the chimney Z are opened and commenced to be red along the ranges, the dampers m, covering the openings i, being regulated so as to cause the goods in the chambers to be heated, burned, and cooled in steady succession, as required, it being possible to IOO IIO

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regulate the speed of the different operations with the greatest nicety. v

The drawings show a double range of only five chambers each; but it is evident that a large number maybe employed by the addition of chimneys at intervals to assist the draft for the tires.

The horizontal openings d3, Figs. 3 and 5, are shown open; but in the process of drawing, setting, and burning it is evident that some of them are stopped up when and where it is required to prevent the fire, gases, and

i cold air from passing through. This is carried out as the work proceeds by lbuilding them up with loose bricks and daubing over.

In this system4 of parallel chambers the heat is economized in several ways.v After burning the contents of one or morechambers itproceeds forward toward the opening or openings z', down which it is drawn successively and gradually, heating the chambers and drying and heating the contents,and at the same time allowing steam to escape, so as to prevent bursting'or discoloration by the too rapid accumulation of steam in the chambers; also theV heat fromthe chambers that have been fired is carried forward and assists in heating the chambers that are being fired,

and economy is thus effected. The chambers also exposev comparatively littleV external surface, which would allow of the heat radiating away and being of no service. The sides of the lateral Iiues (with the exception of the two end chambers) being made of thin fire-bricks, the heat radiates on both sides into the chambers and among the contents to be burned, instead of being absorbed into thick side walls, or radiating into the open air on one side, as is generally the case in mufied kilns or ovens. The length of the chambers allows the heat to be absorbed with economy and regularity, and their narrowness not only allows the heat to penetrate quickly through the contents, but the contraction, as is the case in wide chambers set and burned in the usual manner.

The wickets can all be built up with loose bricksanddaubed over for removing easily, or one end of the chambers can be built up for a permanency, and one end only removed for the purpose of setting and drawing the contents.

Instead of arching over the chambers a, I sometimes set the vtop course of bricks or othermaterial to be burned in close order and daub over their top, putting soil or other material over that to keep the heat from radiating while being fired and the contents from suffering from the Weatherbefore being fired.

It will be evident that a combination of the herein-described arrangements of mufle tire-chambers can be used with open irechambers, the lateral iiues being employed for the purposes of drying the contents of the chambers. lVhen the contents are dry, the ends of the lues are stopped up, and the tire and heated gases pass through and among the contents. By'this arrangement the contents are more thoroughly protected from discoloration and cracking in the process.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is- An oven or kiln for burning bricks in which the chambers are muffled or closed, provided with the lues a', lateral iiues c c, underneath ues, j, and the flues la, leading to the chimney and having' front and back doors or wickets, g h, with holes r'r therein for expelling the steam in the process of dryforth.

ing, all substantially as set R. STANLEY.

Witnesses:

G. F. REDFERN, n JOHN E. BoNsFIELn.

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