US401967A - Fire-proof plaster-cloth for ceilings and walls - Google Patents

Fire-proof plaster-cloth for ceilings and walls Download PDF

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US401967A
US401967A US401967DA US401967A US 401967 A US401967 A US 401967A US 401967D A US401967D A US 401967DA US 401967 A US401967 A US 401967A
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plaster
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cloth
burlap
walls
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
    • E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/164—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, only the horizontal slabs being partially cast in situ

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  • AThis invention is an improvement on an apin which the plaster .is completely inelosed within b urlap or other fibrous inateriahcx- .cept such portion as oozes through said burlap, and thus helps to protect the cloth which incloses the plasier;and the invention con sists in features of novelty hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.
  • Figure I' is a detail perspective under view of the ceiling and faceview of the walls of a room with its studs and joiststowhich my plaster-cloth blocks have been secured.
  • Fig. -II is a detail vertical section taken online II IIFig. III', and shows one of -the studs of the wall with an edge' view of .iny plaster-.cloth blocks secured to it and a section of the Iinishingeoat applied, with the clinch betweenv the blocks.
  • Fig. III is a detail horizontal section taken on line III III, Fig. II., 'and shows a stud of the Wall with' an edge view of my plastercloth blocks secured to'said joists and a section of the. nishing coat applied, the
  • Fig. IV is a vertical section of the -lnold in which the block is' formed, andjshQWs thefburlap laid within the the plaster and the compressor same'and theintermediate layer of plaster laid thereon.
  • Figl- V is a vertical section of the moldwi th the cloth plaster-blockinclosed therein, and shows the burlap folded around aced thereon.
  • Fig. VI is a top view of a section of the burlap as it is placed in position on the mold,
  • Fig; VII is a like view with the-upper ap ofthe burlap folded over the plaster.
  • Fig. VIII is a topviewof one of the blocks with the' margins of burlap that extend along the open side. andl ends beyond theinold 'turned inwardandfold-ed overthe block, so
  • Fig. IX is a detail transverse section taken on line IX IX, 5 5
  • Fig. XI is atop view of one ol' the' blocksin theprocess of formation
  • Fig. XII is a like view, the overlaps being all folded.
  • Figz XIII is a vertical detail sect-ion of a joint corner of the ceilingwall, showingmy device when I break joints -7 5 at said corner turns by'bendingalternate plastereblocks around said corner. Referring' to the drawings, l ⁇ represents the mold in which the plaster-blocks are formed,
  • 3 represents the burlap or other suitable fibrous or other material. 'in which the plaster 85 of the block is inclosed, which material, as'- shown in Figs. IV and VI, is first laid in a'nd ⁇ around'the mold, having a bottom layer, 4, a
  • vI prefer to construct the plaster in accord- A9 5 ance with the following-formula, although the proportions maybe slightly varied, according to the posi-tion that the plaster is to occupy:.,j
  • fthe boundcu quality of the plaster maybe improved by the addition of the hair, ⁇ yeh-as the plaster-blocks' are complet-ely in,- closed and held within the folded hul-lap
  • aserviceablc block may .be constructed for some purposes withoutthe use ofhair f 9 represents the parlition-studs,onto ⁇ which and onto the stringer l the plasterfcloth blocksA 11, that cover the walls, are secured by nails 12.
  • rlheopcraiion et construction of the sce ⁇ ytions or hloeks'ot' plaster-cloth is as follows; A piece rof' r4bnrlap ror other suitable material is eut of adequate size, as shown in Fig. VI, for folding around and forming a tight inclosure of the plaster to prevent V.it cra-cking and disintcgrating.
  • the narrow marginal edge 5 may then be lapped or folded lover on the plaster, as shown in Figs. Y and IX.
  • lhe wide supplemental portion 7 ofA the burlap is their folded over said plaster, as shown iu said figures, entirely covering, or nearly so, fhe plaster and the narrow marginal side fold that has, as si ated, been previously foldcdas shown in Figs. V and IX.
  • Q- ⁇ - ⁇ Vhile I have shown and described the nar' row side margin, 5, as first f'olded over and the wide lap after, and that is my preferred 'course of' procedure, vet I do not confinemyself to that rotation, for the wide lap may, if desired, be first turned over and the narrow,V one aft-e1'.
  • plasteringl For some kinds of plasteringl prefer to cut the -burlap-b1ank andfoldit in the latter-dw scribed form, as it producesno multiple edge folds at the edges, only I :n'odueing a double Vlap ywhere the margins of the rside folds overlap-the edges of the end fo1ds.
  • This arrangerment produces a manifold alone at thc june tion of the corners of the folds in thc center of the block, which is easilypressedin the mold by thefcompressorto effect aunitorm outline on top, and which manifold/it will he seen,
  • Fig. XIII my device for breaking joints at the junction corners between the Aceiling' and f wall, in ⁇ which yalternate blocks are made to forni united ceiling and wall l attachment-nails, passing through the center blocks to prevent the, very common cracking turn of the burlap asit cnc-om passes the plas.
  • ter provides acatch-hold tor thc finishingy coal of plaster that is appliedaf'ter theatfaehmeni of the blocks,eren when said blocks are nai lcd immediately inV ,juxtaposition to' eachl other; but I prefer to attach them, asfshown in Fig. II, with a slight intervening space,-l S, between them, which provides an opportunityf'or the mortar of lsaid finishing coat. to be. forced edges, it is l1eld and firmly bound against disintegration; also, being so bound, a milch thinnerlaycr of plaster is effectual to do the work required than is necessary without said binding.
  • the blocks are, in consequence, thin, light, and easily handled, and, when rc- 'quired, bent around curves o1 corners, also, in driving the nails for the attachlncnt'of the blocks the plastcris secure] y held by the in-4 closing burlap from disii'itcgration. Did not the burlap constitute the outer layers and bind around the edges of the'block, there would be effected no encompassing binding trom the driving of the nails.
  • thesaid blocks are generally molded aboutthirty-'two inches long, 4Which is of ⁇ sufficieiwit length to reach across twospaces between joi'sts or studs, as the case maybe to which they are Secured by nails at the ends and middle, Without the intervention of lath, the use of which combustible mate-- rial is .thereby entirely ayoidd..
  • the "great danger v'from theusefof'la-th nre-proof cloth .is 'put isv that of the background and sliding screens ⁇ for theatricalscenic representations on the stage.
  • the plaster-cloth may either be made in thin sheets of any cured in sections to a suitable movable frame, and in either case after erection it should receive its finishing surface -coat, Which presentations to be painted-thereon.
  • burlap being ⁇ fernen-herein-speeifiertheburlp@other f A. h'urlap on one side across the middle of saidbreadth and length required, or4 maybe sesents a smooth glossy surface for the repreld state that-the reason I certain, cases) was that, as the fabric comis constructed for use in the lastanamedpur illico eksfjor ceilings layer 8, andthe enveloping burl'ap' or other j ntirelyinclose it,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Description

...4244... Q ...u o 3....
PatentedApr. 23 .1889.
EIRL' -PRooF PLASTLL CLOTH PoR GLLLINGS AND WALLS. No. 401,9671
(No Model.)
plic`ation thatI have now' pending before tl e Patent Oliice, Serial No. 293,233, andit relates q to a lire-proof plaster-cloth molded' in sections,
"ArnNr Prien.
ALFREDv .L PARS, oFsT. Louis, Missouni.
FIRE-,PROOF PLAS'l'El'R-CLOTH FOR CEILINGS AND WALLS..
SPF.VCIFICA'IXION forming part of Letters'Patent No. 401,967,
Application ined rebmry 27, 1889.
To aZZwhom. it may'cocen:
YBe it known that I, ALFRED J. Panis, of the city of St. Louis, in the State ofr Missouri, have invented a certain new and useful Im.- provement in Fire-Proof Plaster-Cloths for eili'ngs and Walls, of which the following is a fullfclear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.
AThis invention is an improvement on an apin which the plaster .is completely inelosed within b urlap or other fibrous inateriahcx- .cept such portion as oozes through said burlap, and thus helps to protect the cloth which incloses the plasier;and the invention con sists in features of novelty hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.
Figure I'is a detail perspective under view of the ceiling and faceview of the walls of a room with its studs and joiststowhich my plaster-cloth blocks have been secured. Fig. -II is a detail vertical section taken online II IIFig. III', and shows one of -the studs of the wall with an edge' view of .iny plaster-.cloth blocks secured to it and a section of the Iinishingeoat applied, with the clinch betweenv the blocks. Fig. III is a detail horizontal section taken on line III III, Fig. II., 'and shows a stud of the Wall with' an edge view of my plastercloth blocks secured to'said joists and a section of the. nishing coat applied, the
stud being sur'mounted by the iusual Stringer that supports the joists. Fig. IV is a vertical section of the -lnold in which the block is' formed, andjshQWs thefburlap laid within the the plaster and the compressor same'and theintermediate layer of plaster laid thereon. Figl- V is a vertical section of the moldwi th the cloth plaster-blockinclosed therein, and shows the burlap folded around aced thereon.' Fig. VI is a top view of a section of the burlap as it is placed in position on the mold,
the said mold beneath being shown in broken lines. Fig; VII isa like view with the-upper ap ofthe burlap folded over the plaster. Fig. VIII is a topviewof one of the blocks with the' margins of burlap that extend along the open side. andl ends beyond theinold 'turned inwardandfold-ed overthe block, so
dated .April 23, 1889. serai nu. 301,379. iNo specimens that the plaster may be .iirmly held on all sides by the folded burlap. Fig. IX is a detail transverse section taken on line IX IX, 5 5
Fig. VIII, and shows the marginal side edge of burlap folded inward on the block and the main lap of the burlap folded over it, the
double lap being brought into level outline by the pressure of the follower in the mold, 6o
as shown in Fig. V, and Fig. X. vis a like View of the end of the block,taken on line X X, Fig. VIII, the marginal end fold being 'turned inward over the main fold previous to its pressure into uniform outline by the fol- 6 5 lower inthe mold.
Fig. XI is atop view of one ol' the' blocksin theprocess of formation, the
. burlap '(instead of being in the previously-described rectangular forni) bein g cui in an irregular angular shape approximating the forni 7o of a letterenvelope blank, the end 'overlaps alone folded. Fig. XII is a like view, the overlaps being all folded. .Figz XIII is a vertical detail sect-ion of a joint corner of the ceilingwall, showingmy device when I break joints -7 5 at said corner turns by'bendingalternate plastereblocks around said corner. Referring' to the drawings, l `represents the mold in which the plaster-blocks are formed,
and 2 is the follower that' compresses and 8o v.
equalizes the upper outline of the block, and
-which may be operated by any suitable screw orlever press frame. t
3 represents the burlap or other suitable fibrous or other material. 'in which the plaster 85 of the block is inclosed, which material, as'- shown in Figs. IV and VI, is first laid in a'nd^ around'the mold, having a bottom layer, 4, a
` marginal extension, 5, on one side'of the. mold,
like extensions, G, at itsends, and a sufficiently 9o p wide extension,y 7 of said material on' the remaining side tofold over and cover the layer of plaster, 8, that is placed on the burlap or 'f' I othei` fibrous material within 'the mold.
vI prefer to construct the plaster in accord- A9 5 ance with the following-formula, although the proportions maybe slightly varied, according to the posi-tion that the plaster is to occupy:.,j
About thirty-two per cent. quickliine, about thirty-two per cent. plaster-of-paris, about sixicc teen per cent. sand, about sixteen per cent. pulverized coke, and about four per cent. glue,
to which is to be added, or maybe added, a suitable amount of .hairto bind the plaster, in conjunction with-the glue, with the usual amount of jater='to bring` the material .into plastic ,Condit-imi.`- f f f While fthe boundcu quality of the plaster maybe improved by the addition of the hair,` yeh-as the plaster-blocks' are complet-ely in,- closed and held within the folded hul-lap, aserviceablc block may .be constructed for some purposes withoutthe use ofhair f 9 represents the parlition-studs,onto` which and onto the stringer l the plasterfcloth blocksA 11, that cover the walls, are secured by nails 12. 13 are the joists that resten-said. r Stringer-s, and to which the ceiling-blocks (also marked. 11, as ,the counterparts of' thosey at-y tached to the wall) are secured by nails l"- di.' represents the yfinishing-eoat of plaster n that is spread on the blocks, and 15 are ythe cl inches between the plast er-bloehs, which -ie p y enforce the hold ,of f the plaster to the blocks. rlheopcraiion et" construction of the sce` ytions or hloeks'ot' plaster-cloth is as follows; A piece rof' r4bnrlap ror other suitable material is eut of adequate size, as shown in Fig. VI, for folding around and forming a tight inclosure of the plaster to prevent V.it cra-cking and disintcgrating. i The sai-d section ot burF lap being cut, it is laid in and over the mold Al vin.the-position shown in ligflV,v so as to have a sufficientsnpple-niental width on one side the mold to lap over the plaster-block Awhen it is counter-lapped aiulsullicient sup4 plemental margins on the other-.side and ends` ot the mold for folding back, so as to safely incluse and hold in the plaster. lhe secas slated, and shown in Fig. IV, a suitable amount of the plaster, whielrhas been prepared according to the formula already described, is laid-on the burlap in said mold, as is also shown in the saine figure. The narrow marginal edge 5 may then be lapped or folded lover on the plaster, as shown in Figs. Y and IX. lhe wide supplemental portion 7 ofA the burlap is their folded over said plaster, as shown iu said figures, entirely covering, or nearly so, fhe plaster and the narrow marginal side fold that has, as si ated, been previously foldcdas shown in Figs. V and IX. Q-^-\Vhile I have shown and described the nar' row side margin, 5, as first f'olded over and the wide lap after, and that is my preferred 'course of' procedure, vet I do not confinemyself to that rotation, for the wide lap may, if desired, be first turned over and the narrow,V one aft-e1'. In either ease, after the two side counterlaps have been folded, then the t-wo narrow end laps are folded over inward, 'as shown in Fig. X, and said projecting gina-l end cdges,\\hich when first folded o\ or, as shown in said figure, break the regularity ot outline on the top of the block, are i'orced down into the plastic plaster of the block by tion of burlaphavingbeen placedin position, V
folds, `of the `hul-lap when the bnrlap-.hlank is out, as shown in Figs. XI and XII, approxmating thclshapc of the blanket a letter-envelope.. A
For some kinds of plasteringl prefer to cut the -burlap-b1ank andfoldit in the latter-dw scribed form, as it producesno multiple edge folds at the edges, only I :n'odueing a double Vlap ywhere the margins of the rside folds overlap-the edges of the end fo1ds. This arrangerment produces a manifold alone at thc june tion of the corners of the folds in thc center of the block, which is easilypressedin the mold by thefcompressorto effect aunitorm outline on top, and which manifold/it will he seen,
'comes 'immediately in Contact with the joist or stud, as the ease may be,and one. of the of the block, in consequence passesthrough said manifold plyand securely holds th e same.
'In Fig. XIII is shown my device for breaking joints at the junction corners between the Aceiling' and f wall, in `which yalternate blocks are made to forni united ceiling and wall l attachment-nails, passing through the center blocks to prevent the, very common cracking turn of the burlap asit cnc-om passes the plas.-
ter provides acatch-hold tor thc finishingy coal of plaster that is appliedaf'ter theatfaehmeni of the blocks,eren when said blocks are nai lcd immediately inV ,juxtaposition to' eachl other; but I prefer to attach them, asfshown in Fig. II, with a slight intervening space,-l S, between them, which provides an opportunityf'or the mortar of lsaid finishing coat. to be. forced edges, it is l1eld and firmly bound against disintegration; also, being so bound, a milch thinnerlaycr of plaster is effectual to do the work required than is necessary without said binding. The blocks are, in consequence, thin, light, and easily handled, and, when rc- 'quired, bent around curves o1 corners, also, in driving the nails for the attachlncnt'of the blocks the plastcris secure] y held by the in-4 closing burlap from disii'itcgration. Did not the burlap constitute the outer layers and bind around the edges of the'block, there would be effected no encompassing binding trom the driving of the nails.
y influence that could efcctually held the. plasthe pressure of the `follower or compressor 2. ter from disintegral ion during thc concussion 16 represen-ts the end folds, Iand l'thc 'side lIO burlap, the folds of.' Awhich turn' around its` I do not` confine :myself t'o..-burlap for the envelope of the plaster, for, while that is-iny -preferred material, anyotherl suitableA fiber,`
as stated, may be advantageously used.4
In the construction of the sections or blocks of theplaster-cloth, thesaid blocks are generally molded aboutthirty-'two inches long, 4Which is of `sufficieiwit length to reach across twospaces between joi'sts or studs, as the case maybe to which they are Secured by nails at the ends and middle, Without the intervention of lath, the use of which combustible mate-- rial is .thereby entirely ayoidd.. 1- My preferred Widthfor said blocks `is.;about sixteen linches; but I do-not confine -nyself to the 'above-mentioned' length' and@ width, which may ygary according to the uses .for'xvhieh it is required and the convenienceofthe plasterer'. 'l "-fff" vIt is preferre d to leave the blocks-in the mold in whichthey'are pressed. for about five minutes, When they are suiiciently'set, so that they 'can be'removed therefrom andthe vglnolds vacated fo'r future use. 'Now, it will be seen that not only by the entire epi/.clopf.. .ing of the'plaster-blocks with theburlap are said blocks firmly-'held and boundagainst portant feature in their application ris: that f the plastering of. a building by this system ,Y can be completed vat once; The .Workmen d o ,not require towait for the shrinkage and set- ',5 .ting .of one coat before the application of another.: .The finishing coat can be applied Wblecks.' In practice it is generally preferred v to-first stop theinteryeninglclinch-spaces be -v thenshing coat, so thatit mayjengage in 1 1.-.' intgraLai-inftywith theplfister ofthe inter# veiling stops and clinches."v Again, I as the` r plasteroffthesections is setbefore ltheir at# f 45. 'tachment to the studs 'and`j.oists, and th' tween the blocks, and then immediately apply e i are preferably attached in position` to breal joints, there. can be no extended cracks in 'said plaster. -It will also be seen that, unlike "primary layers of the threefold coat has 'to settle,tdry, and set before the application of the succeeding coat,` and the Whole has to season before ,the house is habitable", bythe use on whichalone visappl'ied the thin finishing coat, houses canbe. inhabited almost imn1e. `diately after*completion.
whemj in times' fof-. cqn 'ag`rati'on,. .the heat springsthe lath, which 'then throws theplaster and then presents a l 1igh ly-combustible medaifor the spread-of there, is, by the use' .ofjt esef envelopedplastereblocka' entirely yided: Means frtheavoidance of the/use bflth' wheretimber is scarce is also an nd- I disintegration in the process of A attachment-,j4 .and afterward from the settling of ,buildingsand 'other causes,but also another very im' .immediately after the attachment ot' the with common plastering, wheregea'ch of; the
of .these previously-prepared plasterf-blocks,
The "great danger v'from theusefof'la-th nre-proof cloth .is 'put isv that of the background and sliding screens `for theatricalscenic representations on the stage. For adaptationto that purpose the plaster-cloth may either be made in thin sheets of any cured in sections to a suitable movable frame, and in either case after erection it should receive its finishing surface -coat, Which presentations to be painted-thereon.
-fulcauseof conflag'rations in theaters would be avoided.
In conclusion I' Wou that hair was not statedin the formula: as one of the ingredients that are used inA the con. struction of the plaster (and it Was only there stated that it might beneficially be 'added in pletely envelops the plaster" and firmly holds it from disintegration7 it exercises the functionsof the hair and makes its use unnecessary in most cases; but when the plaster-cloth pose (for slidingscreens for scenic representations) and other like uses a suitable amount of Vhair in the composition of the plaster is preferred, so asto re-enforce it and enable it to withstand the Vibrations consequent on the 4 S1irl' i 1 1,,f of the screens.` A Y claimas my. invention"`- l. In nre-proof plaster-blo -and Walls, &'c.,the Vcombination of the plaster ber .layers and folds that'e substantially as des pose Set 'forth 2. Inl tire-proof plaster-b vand Walls, dre., the combin" plaster constructed in a arranged to.v hold itV from` disintegration suihstantially as described, and' for .tli' p1' pose set `orth.-r In {ire-proof plasterblocks for'cel n-gs',
folded entirely'aroundjthe' plaster and its meshes lled therewith,substantially as der ibed, and for the lpurpose setr'orth.-
' nire-proof plaster-blocks. for ceilings, te., the `combination "of-. "ihe plaster ESQ- constructed in accordance 1 with the fibrous" coverthat fentire ly` eivjelopsf--said layer and holds it'from disintegratio'gthe It will be seenthat by the use of these re'- l proof scenic slides on the stage a veryfruit-f` formula spe'ciied andthe-.envelope of /bur `Vlap or other ber o nw hfsaidlayerof plas.- j' er; rests and extensions 'of which 'fold o ver dth'sides and ends -oflrs'aid plaster.layer and- ""\'v a lls, &c.,'the combination of the enveloping layers of burlap or otherliiberjand the aiuterai yening' layer ofplaster, composed `of quick. lime, plaster-otparis, sand, pulferize'd coke, and glue, as herein specified, the burlap being `fernen-herein-speeifiertheburlp@other f A. h'urlap on one side across the middle of saidbreadth and length required, or4 maybe sesents a smooth glossy surface for the repreld state that-the reason I certain, cases) was that, as the fabric comis constructed for use in the lastanamedpur illico eksfjor ceilings layer 8, andthe enveloping burl'ap' or other j ntirelyinclose it,
IIO
the other, substantiall)1 as described, mld for 1G and 17 of said burial) or other fiber cloth the purpose Set forth. being folded over Said p1aSl1ereuvelope to on- 55111 fire-proof plaster-blocks for ceilings, tirely inelose the same and hold it from dismlls, &j3., the burlap envelope-blank out in integration, substantially :is described, :mdf
' 5 approximate form to thatl of the lettcr-envelfor the Apurpose set forth.
o @,the eentrnloblong )ortionof whielllilnnk fils within the mold ilu which thoflilunk is ALFRED J PARIS' p1essedtl1oplnster lnyerS, eomposedofquiek- Inpresence oflime,vplusteiof-paris, sund, pulverized eolie, HENJN. A. KNIGHT, m and P;lue :1s herein specified. the angle flaps SAML. KNIGHT.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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EP2039528B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-07-04 Robert Adamberry Map pen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2039528B1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-07-04 Robert Adamberry Map pen

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