US400143A - Forging mechanism - Google Patents

Description

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' F. W. TAYLOR.

PORGING MECHANISM.

No. 400,143. Patented Mal-.26, 1889.

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PORGING MECHANISM.

No. 400,143. Patented Mar. 26, 1889.

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FORGING MECHANISM.

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F. W. TAYLOR.

- FORGING MECHANISM. No. 400.143.

Patented Mar. 26, 1889.

' WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES ATENT ()FFicE,

FREDERICK \V. TAYLOR, OF-PHILADELPIIIA, PENNSYLX' ANIA.

FORGING MECHANISM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 400,143, dated March 26, 1889.

Application filed February 5, 1889. Serial No. 298,727. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK \V. TAYLOR, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Forging Mechanisms; and I do hereby declare that the following is a f 11 ll, clear, and exact description of the same.

- lleretofore in transferring forgings of considerable size between the fire and the smithingtools hoisting and traveling devicessueh as cranes, shears, gins, &c.in great variety of forms have been employed, and porters or long bars of iron have been attached to and in continuation of the axis of the forging, which is then technically called a use, whereby it may, when suspended on the crane, &c., be guided to and localized between the dies of the steam-hammer, the tail or handle of the porter-bar, which is frequently equipped with a cross-lever, being the means'by which the forgemen maneuver the suspended mass. In some cases, however, instead of a separate piece, the practice is to fashion the porter bar from. and have it integral with the work operated on; or, in still other cases, the porter bar consists of the stock of material out of which the work in contemplation is to be produced without giving that stock any particular form; and, in general, the common method of procedure with these devices has been, for the purpose of transferring the forging or use to and fro between the fire and the hammer, to suspend it and its attached or integral porter-bar in a balancing condition from the fall of the crane, &c., and by moving or traveling the suspensory mechanism to effect such change of place as is necessary. Then, after a heat has been taken and the suspended mass brought in such balanced condition to the hammer, the practice has been, by shifting the sling or moving a counterpoising-weight, to cause a preponderating of the use or heated end, this preponderance serving to maintain the work upon the anvil in such position as the forgemen by laying hold of and weighing down upon the tail end of the porter-bar as a maneuvering-lever may locate it in, the withdrawal from the hammer for reheating, 850., being usually accomplished by re-establishing an equilibrium and retreating the crane, &c.

Now, my present invention relates to an improved and novel forging mechanism by which such forgings may be attached, slung, guided, and controlled not only in the act of withdrawal from and return to the fire, but also and especially at and during the localizing and maneuvering of the use or work beneath the steam-hammer, its chief objects being to substitute for the skilled and disciplined labor required of the smith or forgemen by the old method of doing these things mechanical devices whereby the whole operation may be under the control of, perhaps, the smith alone, and so insure an accuracy and efficiency of action with a promptness or response to the smiths wishes in conducting the forging operation which it is otherwise almost, if not quite, impossible to attain. Moreover, my present invention removes in practice an element of danger to the hammer and work, as well as of risk to human life and limb, which the customary method of employing men to lay hold of and control the free end of the porterbar heretofore entailed. For the shock and tingling in the hand and arm of the blacksmith should he strike a misdirected blow with a hand-hammer or not seat his work properly upon his anvil, are, even with the use of a sledge, increased into violent and dangerous movements; but when they come from foul blows delivered by the ponderous power-hammers of to-day they are in creased into titanic forces, which, possibly at a single stroke, produce most disastrous accidents to property, life, and limb. Otherwise, by the jar and vibration, with the consequent crystallizing of metals and the loosening of bolts and joints, which the liability for misapplication incident 'to the manual localizing of the use within the hammers range of action. produces, there is occasion ed a slower but an acknowledged and insidious deterioration of themechanism subjected to them; and those who are familiar with steam-hammers are well aware that a frequent accident and interruption of their working is caused by the intense vibrations of a foul blow loosening and shaking off porter-bars of the separate sort from their attachment to the forging or use.

Now, my invention, broadly speaking, consists in dispensing with the condition of equilibri um usually established in the suspended forging for its transfers and in place thereof effecting, as it were, a floating of the mass; also in mechanically controlling not only the levels, but also the tilting or vibrations of said floating mass as need be during the forging operations, and in devising mechanism for carrying these eiii'eets' into practice. In general the devices which I have found to accomplish these ends best comprise, in conjui'iction with the ordinary forging-plant. a suspending device 1')roper--such as the aforesaid crane, upon which the fm'ging or porterbar provided use .is slung, and fulerumed with a normal tendency to prepondcrate in the portion about to be hammered and a tilting device, which, acting in opposition to such gravitative effect, serves, as desired, to restrain or overeon'le it, the whole being so combined and contrived that a release at a proper time by the tilting device will permitgravity to act for seating the work upon the anvil. Moreover, I prefer that this tilting device should be an amlmlatory down-haul, working from below, substantially as the inverted cr'nmterpart to an ordinary overhead traveling crane; but, without departing from the purview of this invention, the tilting device may be modified in many res1i1ectsforexample, it maybe a mechanism adapted merely to pay out and haul down by turns on the forging, or even consist of a fixed shackle or bridle with which the porter-bar can be engaged, and then the vibration or other movements of the floating mass can be produced by simply lifting or traveling the crane or other suspending device; but reference being now had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts lilllOUgllOUt the figures, they will be found to illustrate my novel forging mechanism as follows, to wit:

Figure 1 shows in side elevation and partly in section simple terms of the suspending and tilting devices in the act of applying a use to the (lies of a steam-hammer; Fig. 2, a plan view of the structures illustrated in Fig. .1, broken lines a .r and y 1/ respectively denoting planes on which the sections of Fig. l are taken; Figs. 3 and &, side elevations and end views, respectively, of the preferred form of tilting device, it being here illustrated as ambulatory and capable of traversing sidewise as well as longitudinally, Figs. 5, l, and 7 being, respectively, side elevation, plan view, and cross sectional detail (the latter taken on the broken lines 3 11 of Fig. i) of a modification. Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, comprise a series of views illustrative of a railway system ranging to considerable distances about the shop. Of these, Fig. 1 is a general plan view, which, being taken from below the level of an overhead traveling bridge-crane, merely indicates said cranes position and range by the erosssection of its piers. Fig. 2 gives side elevation of a portion of this system on a considerably larger scale, the broken lines .r .r' indicating that on which the sect-ions f f and wheels f f.

through the piers in Fig. l are taken, the suspending and tilting devices being here represented in the act of floating and traversing a porter-barn'ovided use in a substantially level position. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view taken endwisc and from left of the device shown in Fig. 2*; and Figs. t and 5, respectivel y, endwisc and side elevations of a d oubletrack modification of the tilting devices railway.

In gen eral, in these views an ordinary steamhammer, A, whereof a a are respectively its hammer and anvil dies, is located and secured about its anvil-base 15 in the usual way to the shop-foundations, of which Z denotes the ground, .2 the ground-line, and Z a trench or other suitable conduit, wherein the tilting device C is convenientlysituated, said device consisting in Figs. 1 and 2 of ahydraulie pulling-jack, (7, acting as an adjustable anchor for a cable, 0, adapted to be led and guided over one or other of a series of snatch-blocks, c, &c., which, like said jack, are bolted or otherwise fixed to the ground. From them cable 0, being passed upward, ln'idles the porterbar 1), preferably by a tackle or loose ring, 0 so that said porter-bar may be both swivelcd and slid freely endwise through this bridle-ring, which, to facilitate such movement, is further preferably provided with transverse handles 0" c the porter-bar D being, in this case, that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, (as well as in those Figs. 3 and at and 3 and 4:, represented as of the separate sort,) and attached to the use of a forging, E, by what is technically called a tong-hold, to wit: the crotch (l (I and the tongue e, whereas, in the case of 5, (S, and 7 it is represented as of the integral sort, and consists of the free, and, generally speaking, unheated end of the continuous ingot or forging D, whereof E is the heated portion corresponding to the use IE about to be hammered. Now, this mass, with the heated end preponderating and seated on the anvil, is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 suspended upon a sling, F, hanging from the fall F of a travelin g trolley-crane, F of which ff are the rails and f f the stringers of the overhead track, its winding mechanism being indicated by the drums F" F while the rest of said cranes mechanism, being well understood, is here left without further detail. Save when such crane is employed as the suspending device it is best adapted to carry out my invention when its tracks are spread and spanned, as in Figs. 2 and 3, by a traveling bridge, F", wl'iereon. the trolley F is adapted to traverse substan tially as there indicated by the bridge-girders However, said sling F may, as shown in Fig. 5, be adapted to merely raise or lower, as by attaching it to a purchase or tackle-fall, F, secured to some convenient point above, or else when the capacity of the tilting device for movements and adjustments is further developed and. rendered substantially that of an inverted counterpart of the allove-mentioned and wellunderstood traverse trolley-crane. It is in many cases possible to float and mechanically manipulate the porter use or forging by hanging it with the aforesaid preponderance on a mere support. Such modification is illustrated in Fig. 3, where the sling F is the bight of a chain simply hanging from above.

But deferring further detail of the parts and passing to the operations of the illustrated devices and modifications,l commence here with Fig. 1, in which N, O, P, and Q indicate,by their out-lines in plan, an ordinary gang of forge-furnaces, in one or other ofwhich say N-the work or porter provided use (see E D, Fig. 2) has been brought to a proper heat. Then the bridgetraversing trolley of the overhead traveling crane F Fig. 2, being brought to a proper position on its pier-supported tracks ll, its fall F is attached to the work by the sling F at such a point that the preponderance required to effect proper seating on the anvil in the subsequent hammering is at once, and without further shifting, assured, and the shackle c of the tilting cable a being slipped loosely over the tail of the porter-bar D the overhead crane is then operative, not only to lift the use from its bed in the fire by taking a hoist with its fall, but it can also, by traversing or traveling, withdraw the use from the furnace, for in such lifting the under faces of the top flange of the I-shaped conduitrail K, Fig. 3, afford an anchorage against an upward movement in the wheels j of the trolley-yoke J, to which the lowerend of the cable 0 is linked; and in such withdrawal these wheels, rotating about their axles t' "1 travel along said rail as a guide and steer the porter-bar to which the cable a connects them until they have passed down the siding or and come to the switch n, which, pivoting in the axis of the main line L, is then manipulated after the manner of an ordinary railwayswitch to shunt the trolley-yoke J to said main line, down which line the movement of the overhead crane, being suitably changed, the traveler J is next towed and finds its way to the hammer. However, instead of a single track in such railway-systems, multiple tracks may be employed, as shown in Figsa and 5, wherein a four-wheel trolley-truck, J, constitutes the anchorage, and by its greater breadth and location within the four railsj j j jaffords not only a better guiding capacity than a single-track trolley, J, but also, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. at, affords a chance to increase and spread the anchorageconnections, and thereby to steady and free the floating mass from vibration and jolting. A still further increase in anchorage range is shown in Figs. 3 and 4:, where anchorage-rails y' fij j still more distant and spanned by a bridge carrying a traversing-trolley, J as above alluded to, are employed; but in some cases, where the furnace and hammer are more closely associated, I find that the radius that the combined lengthof the porter-bar and use afford is frequently sulTicient to dispense with any railway system. For example, if in Fig. 1 the door of the furnace be substantially the point of view, and its distance substantially the same as that of the hammer A from the pulling-jack C, a simple lift and traverse of the crane F will carry the use or heated end from one point to the other, the slinging being here, as in all the other cases, such as to produce a proper preponderating tendency of the heated end, and the porter being bridled from involuntary tilting, as by the pulling-jack 0 through the shackle c and cable 0. During traverses it is generally preferable to maintain workD E substantially level, as shown in Fig. 2,and for this the purchase F for the most part amply suffices; but

should it be desired to raise or lower the work while in. this level floating state the underground trolley may be elaborated into such a structure as is illustrated in Fig. at; and, further, by the combination and the traveling, traversing, and hoisting and paying-outcapacities of cranes as tilting and suspending devices the compass direction as well as the altitude of the floating mass may be determined at will and without change from a level state, either in transit or at the hammer.

Arrived at the hammer, the operations, &c., are, briefly, as follows:

First. The devices shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will not only effect a proper level, but they will also serve to vibrate the floating mass in any desired vertical divergence by either lifting with the fall F and pivoting about the shackle 0 or else by pulling with the jack 0' and pivoting about the sling F, or even and more quickly by pulling on F and c concurrently, longitudinal feeding of the use E through the hammer and anvil d and a being permitted by the freedom of the shackle c endwise of the porter-bar 1), horizontal changes of location being effected by suitable traverses of the trolley F Second. In the device illustrated in Figs. 3 and a the capacity for horizontal vibrations is still further increased by the traversing and traveling of the inverted crane, and the spring S,inserted between the links of the cable 0, affords a means of absorbing vibration and increasing the life of the attached devices, which is of a great advantage.

Third. In Figs. 5 to '7 depressions of the porter-bar are effected by altitudinal adjustments of the jibs T T of the downwardly-acting inverted derrick V, in which the dotted cylinder 1 Fig. 5, indicates said jibs actuating mechanism, V V its wheeled stay-carriage, and the post 1) its guide part and fixed frame. However, said j ibs being at a suitable height, as shown in Fig. 5, and there held rigidly, as by fixing the ram immovably, said device also illustrates that modification in which a stationary bridle engages the porterbar, while motion is developed solely by shoftening an d lengthening or traversing with the suspending-crane, &c., as must now be fully understood.

of the hammer the anchorage-cable c, or its equivalent, should be slacked off from or released from actual contact with the porterbar I); but as this may sometimes be neglected or not be convenient I generally pre fer to contrive and provide the anchorageconneetion, as shown in Figs. 3 and t, with an intermediate spring-recoil check.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. As a forging mechanism, a stean'i-hammer, in combination with a suspending device, whereby the forging is sustained, a tilting device, whereby the floating of the forging is effected, and mechanism for altering the length of one or both of said devices, so as to enable the forging to be manipulated under the hammer, substantially and for the purpose specified.

2. In a forgingmechanism, a steam-hammer and a furnace, in combination with a traveling suspending device, whereby the forging is sustained and transferred from said furnace to said hammer, a tilting device, whereby the floating of the forgingis effected, and mechanism for altering the length of one or both of said devices, so as to enable the forgemen not only to transfer a forging from furnace to hammer, but also to manipulate it under said hammer, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

In a forging mechanism, a steam-hammer and a furnace, in combination with an overhead traveling and traversing trolleyerane, whereby the forging is sustained, a traveling tilting device, whereby the level of said forging is regulated when suspended, a rail system, whereby said tilting device is an chored and guided, the whole co-operating to enable the forgen'ien not only to transfer a forging from furnace to hammer, but also to manipulate it mechz'inieally under said hammer, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

4. In a forging mechanism, a steam-hammer, in combination with one or more furnaces, a fulcrum, and an underneath inverted down \vardly-acti n gtravel ing trolle y-crane,the length of whose tackle, being alterable at will, enables the forgemen. to suspend the forging upon said fulcrum in a floating and preponderating condition, so as to traverse it to, manipulate it beneath, and rest it upon the anvil of said steam-hammer, substantially as and for the purposes herein'before described.

5. In a forging mechanism, the combination of a steam-hammer, a crane, one or more furnaces, an underneath switch, provided anchorage-railway leading from said hammer to said furnace or furnaces, a truck adapted to run along and be guided by said rail system, and an anchor-bridle attached to said truck and adapted to steer and maintain forgings when suspended on said crane in a floating posture, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

FREDERICK \V. 'lAYLOR.

Witnesses:

Gnonen HOUSE, JOSHUA MMLAUK, Jr.

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