US3994318A - Pilot-controlled electromagnetic valve - Google Patents

Pilot-controlled electromagnetic valve Download PDF

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Publication number
US3994318A
US3994318A US05/588,705 US58870575A US3994318A US 3994318 A US3994318 A US 3994318A US 58870575 A US58870575 A US 58870575A US 3994318 A US3994318 A US 3994318A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pilot
valve
main
plunger
controlled electromagnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/588,705
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English (en)
Inventor
Tsuneo Ishigaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMC Corp
Original Assignee
Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo KK filed Critical Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo KK
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Publication of US3994318A publication Critical patent/US3994318A/en
Assigned to SMC CORPORATION reassignment SMC CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 1, 1991 - JAPAN Assignors: SHOKETSU KINSOKU KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/402—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a diaphragm
    • F16K31/404—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a diaphragm the discharge being effected through the diaphragm and being blockable by an electrically-actuated member making contact with the diaphragm
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86928—Sequentially progressive opening or closing of plural valves
    • Y10T137/86936—Pressure equalizing or auxiliary shunt flow
    • Y10T137/86944—One valve seats against other valve [e.g., concentric valves]
    • Y10T137/86976—First valve moves second valve

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to electromagnetic valves, and more particularly to a pilot-controlled electromagnetic two-way valve which can be operated reliably by means of a solenoid of a small size irrespective of the conditions of pressure differential existing between the fluid on the primary and secondary sides of the valve.
  • pilot control means in electromagnetic valves as an expedient to lessen the burden which would be imposed on the solenoid in operations under high pressure conditions.
  • the pilot-controlled electromagnetic or solenoid-operated valves which operate even under conditions of zero pressure differential are also known, for example, from U.S. Pat. No. 3,208,716.
  • a valve or closure means for opening and closing a pilot fluid passage is usually provided on a core plunger of the solenoid to open the pilot valve directly by the action of the core plunger. Actuation of the electromagnetic valve operating means or solenoid takes place when the core plunger is in its lowest position distant from a fixed core or plug of the solenoid.
  • the pilot-controlled electromagnetic valve comprises: a casing having a primary port, a secondary port, and a main fluid passage between said primary and secondary ports, the wall of said main fluid passage forming a main valve seat; a main valve member movable toward and away from said main valve seat to open and close said main fluid passage; a means for defining a fluid working chamber behind said main valve member from said main fluid passage; a pilot orifice provided in said main valve member; a pilot valve seat provided on said main valve member around said pilot orifice; a solenoid including a fixed core and a plunger movable toward and away from said pilot orifice and having at the lower end thereof a spring seat in the form of an annular flange; a hollow movable member loosely fitted around the lower end of said plunger including said spring seat and having an annular flange at the lower end thereof; a pilot valve member securely mounted at the lower end of said movable member opposingly to said pilot valve seat; a compression spring mounted around the
  • the main valve is lifted directly by the core plunger to open the main fluid passage only when a small pressure differential exists between the fluid on the primary and secondary sides of the valve, while in a case where there is a great pressure differential the valve is opened by the fluid pressure acting on the main valve per se.
  • the valve can be reliably operated by a solenoid of a small size over a very wide pressure differential range from zero to extremely large pressure differential conditions.
  • the conventional direct-acting type valve constructions have no problem in opening the valve as long as the pressure differential is very small or zero but have to resort to a solenoid of a large size to lift the main or pilot valve under conditions of great pressure differentials for the reasons stated hereinbefore.
  • the valve of the invention is constructed to lift the pilot and main valves when the plunger has approached the fixed core or reached a point in the magnetic range of the solenoid where a sufficiently strong pull is exerted on the plunger.
  • the core plunger is associated with the main and pilot valves without use of rigid connections, there is no possibility of burning the solenoid coil even when the main or pilot valve is stuck or reluctant to move for some reason.
  • the losses due to overcurrent can be precluded as the plunger can move independently of the main and pilot valves.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a pilot-controlled electromagnetic two-way valve embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but showing the pilot valve in an open position
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic illustration showing the magnetic attraction characteristics of the solenoid and the load on the core plunger in relation with the distance of stroke of the plunger;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial diagrammatic sectional view of a device similar to that of FIG. 1 but in which the fluid working chamber is defined by a piston-cylinder;
  • FIG. 5 is a similar view of a device wherein the fluid working chamber is defined by a bellowphragm
  • FIG. 6 is a similar view of another device wherein the fluid working chamber is defined by a bellows.
  • the pilot-controlled electromagnetic two-way valve includes a casing 1 with a primary port 2 to which a pressurized fluid is supplied and a secondary port 3 through which the fluid is discharged.
  • a fluid passage with a valve seat 4 is provided between the primary and secondary ports 2 and 3.
  • a main valve 5 Disposed opposingly to the valve seat 4 is a main valve 5 which is supported within the casing 1 by means of a diaphragm 6, with diaphragm 6 defining a fluid working chamber 7 on the side remote from the valve seat 4.
  • the diaphragm 6 is provided with an orifice or bleed 8 through which the fluid from the primary port 2 is introduced into the fluid working chamber 7.
  • the main valve 5 is provided with a pilot orifice 9 through which the fluid in the fluid working chamber 7 is discharged to the secondary port 3, the areas of the orifices 8 and 9 being in the relation of S 1 ⁇ S 2 where S 1 represents the effective area of the orifice 8 and S 2 the effective area of the orifice 9.
  • a pilot valve seat 10 is provided on the main valve 5 around the orifice 9, for sealing engagement with pilot valve 11 which is mounted at the lower end of a hollow cylindrical movable member 12.
  • the movable member 12 is provided with an annular flange 14 for abutting engagement with a catcher 13 in the form of a ring of an inverted L-shape which is fixedly mounted on the main valve at a predetermined distance from the flange 14 of the movable member 12 for limiting the movement of the movable member 12 relative to the main valve 5 to a stroke of a predetermined length which is necessary to open the pilot orifice 9.
  • the movable member 12 is loosely fitted around the lower end of the plunger 16 and connected thereto through a compression spring 19 which is interposed between a spring seat 17 in the form of a circular flange at the lower end of the plunger 16 and an upper end wall 18 of the movable member 12, thereby to lift the movable member 12 as the core plunger 16 is pulled by the solenoid 15.
  • the solenoid 15 When the coil 20 of the solenoid 15 is de-energized, the plunger 16 is held in the lowermost position pressing the pilot valve 11 on the movable member 12 against the pilot valve seat 10 on the main valve 5.
  • the plunger 16 Upon energizing the solenoid coil 20, the plunger 16 is attracted against the action of a return spring 22 toward a fixed core or plug 21 to lift the main valve 5 up to the end of its stroke.
  • the pressurized fluid is introduced into the fluid working chamber 7 from the primary port 2 through the orifice 8 in the diaphragm 6.
  • orifice 9 is closed by the pilot valve 11 which is pressure seated on the pilot valve seat 10, so that the fluid pressure in the fluid working chamber 7 has no way to escape and maintains a fluid pressure P 3 which is substantially the same as the fluid pressure P 1 on the primary side of the valve.
  • the main valve 5 is held in the close position.
  • the pressurized fluid within the fluid working chamber 7 is allowed to flow out to the secondary port 3, so that the pressure P 3 of the chamber 7 becomes lower than the pressure P 1 on the primary side and approaches the level P 2 on the secondary side.
  • the main valve 5 is lifted to open the main fluid passage due to the pressure differential between the fluid in the pressure chamber 7 and on the primary side.
  • the main valve 5 is lifted together by the cooperative action of the spring 19 and the magnetic pull which is exerted on the plunger 16.
  • FIG. 3 graphically illustrates at A a curve of the magnetic attraction characteristics of the solenoid and at B a curve of the load as imposed on the spring reaction.
  • the magnetic attraction characteristics of the solenoid 15 can be utilized most effectively by opening the pilot valve 11 when the distance between the plunger and the fixed core is reduced to exert a greater magnetic pull on the plunger 16, allowing the plunger 16 simply to compress the spring 19 in the initial stage of the upward stroke of the plunger where the magnetic pull is relatively weak.
  • the valve can be operated reliably with use of a solenoid of a small size, as mentioned hereinbefore, even where a great valve operating force is normally required due to a high fluid pressure prevailing in the chamber 7.
  • the diaphragm is exemplarily shown as the defining means, but other means, such as piston-cylinder, bellowphragm, bellows, etc., may be substituted therefor.
  • Illustrative variations are shown in FIGS. 4 through 6 wherein the diaphragm 6 of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 is replaced with a piston-cylinder 6a in FIG. 4, a bellowphragm 6b in FIG. 5 and a bellows 6c in FIG. 6.
  • valve construction according to the invention can suitably attain the various objects as set forth hereinbefore. While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, the invention is not limited to the particular details shown and described herein and is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
US05/588,705 1974-06-29 1975-06-20 Pilot-controlled electromagnetic valve Expired - Lifetime US3994318A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1974076901U JPS555823Y2 (ja) 1974-06-29 1974-06-29
JA49-76901[U] 1974-06-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3994318A true US3994318A (en) 1976-11-30

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ID=13618554

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/588,705 Expired - Lifetime US3994318A (en) 1974-06-29 1975-06-20 Pilot-controlled electromagnetic valve

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3994318A (ja)
JP (1) JPS555823Y2 (ja)
DE (1) DE2527748A1 (ja)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4082116A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-04-04 Lucifer S.A. Electromagnetic two-way valve
US4355606A (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-10-26 The Bendix Corporation Idle speed control valve
US4502661A (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-03-05 Eaton Corporation Electrically actuated valve assembly
DE3627543A1 (de) * 1985-08-15 1987-03-12 Smc Corp Solenoidventil
US4690700A (en) * 1983-11-07 1987-09-01 Howeth David Franklin Backflushed air filters with quick opening multiple discharge valve
US4783044A (en) * 1987-06-30 1988-11-08 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Hung diaphragm solenoid valve
US4880205A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-11-14 Parker Hannifin Corporation Hung diaphragm solenoid valve
US4936541A (en) * 1989-05-19 1990-06-26 Singer Valve (1985) Inc. Proportional fluid valve apparatus
US4998561A (en) * 1988-12-29 1991-03-12 Yamatake-Honeywell Co. Ltd. Flow control valve
US5137055A (en) * 1992-01-14 1992-08-11 Yazaki Corporation Stop valve
US5503362A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-04-02 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Water-supply valve of a washing machine
US5860631A (en) * 1992-04-27 1999-01-19 Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh Pilot valve for suspension control systems
US6619612B2 (en) * 1999-02-19 2003-09-16 Asco Controls, Lp Extended range proportional valve
US6740827B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2004-05-25 Target Rock Division Of Curtis-Wright Flow Control Corporation Bi-directional piloted solenoid-operated valve
US20090301081A1 (en) * 2005-10-29 2009-12-10 Pierburg Gmbh Ambient-air pulsed valve for internal combustion engines equipped with a turbocharger
US20120160345A1 (en) * 2009-09-08 2012-06-28 Sit La Precisa S.P.A. Con Socio Unico Valve unit for controlling the delivery ofa combustible gas, in particular for delivery via a gas metering apparatus, and gas meter including said valve unit
US20130098340A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2013-04-25 Pierburg Gmbh Divert air valve for an internal combustion engine
US20130133628A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-05-30 MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Low actuating force canister purge valve
US20130313455A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Eagle Actuator Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical recirculation air valve
US20140261743A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Philip Schreier Water valve with supported opening function
KR101490582B1 (ko) 2012-09-07 2015-02-05 가부시키가이샤 사기노미야세이사쿠쇼 전자 밸브 및 파일럿식 전자 밸브
WO2015130469A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Mks Instruments, Inc. Pilot valve structures and mass flow controllers
CN106969175A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-07-21 成都特恩达燃气设备有限公司 一种直动先导式电磁阀
US20170292615A1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-10-12 Pierburg Gmbh Adjustment element for an overrun air recirculation valve
CN107559478A (zh) * 2017-10-12 2018-01-09 刘文华 一种电磁启动式流体动力差开闭装置
US10054243B1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2018-08-21 Edmund F. Kelly Dual spring flow control valve
US20200166149A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2020-05-28 Mahle International Gmbh Pilot-pressure-controlled flow valve and fluid system containing same
US11028808B2 (en) * 2018-04-04 2021-06-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Injector device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5953773U (ja) * 1982-09-30 1984-04-09 木本　昌範 スリ−ブ
US4589441A (en) * 1984-07-10 1986-05-20 Campau Daniel N System for controlling liquid flow
DE3929551A1 (de) * 1989-09-06 1991-03-07 Mueller A & K Gmbh Co Kg Eigenmediumbetaetigtes, durch einen magnetanker gesteuertes servoventil
AT399546B (de) * 1993-03-19 1995-05-26 Vaillant Gmbh Gasventil
DE102005028141A1 (de) 2005-06-17 2006-12-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bypassventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen
DE102008041328A1 (de) * 2008-08-19 2010-02-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ventilvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Ventilvorrichtung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502256A (en) * 1944-05-11 1950-03-28 Jr John Harding Fuel control valve
US2990155A (en) * 1959-03-30 1961-06-27 Honeywell Regulator Co Pressure operated valve
US3154285A (en) * 1962-06-07 1964-10-27 Houie Omer Fuel derichment valve

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4724005U (ja) * 1971-04-09 1972-11-17
JPS497965U (ja) * 1972-04-21 1974-01-23

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2502256A (en) * 1944-05-11 1950-03-28 Jr John Harding Fuel control valve
US2990155A (en) * 1959-03-30 1961-06-27 Honeywell Regulator Co Pressure operated valve
US3154285A (en) * 1962-06-07 1964-10-27 Houie Omer Fuel derichment valve

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4082116A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-04-04 Lucifer S.A. Electromagnetic two-way valve
US4355606A (en) * 1978-10-02 1982-10-26 The Bendix Corporation Idle speed control valve
US4502661A (en) * 1983-11-04 1985-03-05 Eaton Corporation Electrically actuated valve assembly
US4690700A (en) * 1983-11-07 1987-09-01 Howeth David Franklin Backflushed air filters with quick opening multiple discharge valve
DE3627543A1 (de) * 1985-08-15 1987-03-12 Smc Corp Solenoidventil
US4717116A (en) * 1985-08-15 1988-01-05 Smc Corporation Pilot mode two-port solenoid valve
US4783044A (en) * 1987-06-30 1988-11-08 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Hung diaphragm solenoid valve
US4880205A (en) * 1987-06-30 1989-11-14 Parker Hannifin Corporation Hung diaphragm solenoid valve
US4998561A (en) * 1988-12-29 1991-03-12 Yamatake-Honeywell Co. Ltd. Flow control valve
US4936541A (en) * 1989-05-19 1990-06-26 Singer Valve (1985) Inc. Proportional fluid valve apparatus
US5137055A (en) * 1992-01-14 1992-08-11 Yazaki Corporation Stop valve
US5860631A (en) * 1992-04-27 1999-01-19 Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh Pilot valve for suspension control systems
US5503362A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-04-02 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Water-supply valve of a washing machine
US6619612B2 (en) * 1999-02-19 2003-09-16 Asco Controls, Lp Extended range proportional valve
US6729601B2 (en) 1999-02-19 2004-05-04 Asco Controls, Lp Extended range proportional valve
US6740827B1 (en) 2002-11-27 2004-05-25 Target Rock Division Of Curtis-Wright Flow Control Corporation Bi-directional piloted solenoid-operated valve
US20040099831A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Target Rock Division Of Curtiss-Wright Flow Control Corporation Bi-directional piloted solenoid-operated valve
FR2847644A1 (fr) 2002-11-27 2004-05-28 Target Rock Division Of Curtis Soupape a commande par solenoide
GB2397869A (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-08-04 Target Rock Division Of Curtis Bi-directional piloted solenoid-operated valve
GB2397869B (en) * 2002-11-27 2006-03-01 Target Rock Division Of Curtis Bi-directional piloted solenoid-operated valve
US20090301081A1 (en) * 2005-10-29 2009-12-10 Pierburg Gmbh Ambient-air pulsed valve for internal combustion engines equipped with a turbocharger
US8387383B2 (en) * 2005-10-29 2013-03-05 Pierburg Gmbh Ambient-air pulsed valve for internal combustion engines equipped with a turbocharger
US20120160345A1 (en) * 2009-09-08 2012-06-28 Sit La Precisa S.P.A. Con Socio Unico Valve unit for controlling the delivery ofa combustible gas, in particular for delivery via a gas metering apparatus, and gas meter including said valve unit
US20130098340A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2013-04-25 Pierburg Gmbh Divert air valve for an internal combustion engine
US20130133628A1 (en) * 2011-10-03 2013-05-30 MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. Low actuating force canister purge valve
US20130313455A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Eagle Actuator Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Electrical recirculation air valve
KR101490582B1 (ko) 2012-09-07 2015-02-05 가부시키가이샤 사기노미야세이사쿠쇼 전자 밸브 및 파일럿식 전자 밸브
US20150337982A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2015-11-26 Prettl Electric Corp. Water valve with supported opening function
US20140261743A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Philip Schreier Water valve with supported opening function
US9033305B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2015-05-19 Prettl Water valve with supported opening function
US9476517B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2016-10-25 Mks Instruments, Inc. Pilot valve structures and mass flow controllers
WO2015130469A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 Mks Instruments, Inc. Pilot valve structures and mass flow controllers
US20170292615A1 (en) * 2014-09-19 2017-10-12 Pierburg Gmbh Adjustment element for an overrun air recirculation valve
US10393273B2 (en) * 2014-09-19 2019-08-27 Pierburg Gmbh Adjustment element for an overrun air recirculation valve
US10054243B1 (en) * 2015-03-04 2018-08-21 Edmund F. Kelly Dual spring flow control valve
CN106969175A (zh) * 2017-05-10 2017-07-21 成都特恩达燃气设备有限公司 一种直动先导式电磁阀
CN106969175B (zh) * 2017-05-10 2019-11-19 成都特恩达燃气设备有限公司 一种直动先导式电磁阀
CN107559478A (zh) * 2017-10-12 2018-01-09 刘文华 一种电磁启动式流体动力差开闭装置
US11028808B2 (en) * 2018-04-04 2021-06-08 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Injector device
US20200166149A1 (en) * 2018-11-28 2020-05-28 Mahle International Gmbh Pilot-pressure-controlled flow valve and fluid system containing same
CN111231601A (zh) * 2018-11-28 2020-06-05 马勒国际有限公司 导向压力控制的流量阀和包含该流量阀的流体系统
US11549606B2 (en) * 2018-11-28 2023-01-10 Mahle International Gmbh Pilot-pressure-controlled flow valve and fluid system containing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2527748A1 (de) 1976-01-15
JPS555823Y2 (ja) 1980-02-09
JPS515734U (ja) 1976-01-16

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Owner name: SMC CORPORATION

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SHOKETSU KINSOKU KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA;REEL/FRAME:005659/0334

Effective date: 19860401