US397491A - Process of manufacturing iron or steel - Google Patents
Process of manufacturing iron or steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US397491A US397491A US397491DA US397491A US 397491 A US397491 A US 397491A US 397491D A US397491D A US 397491DA US 397491 A US397491 A US 397491A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- aluminium
- alloy
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 144
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 72
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100001004 fissure Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
Definitions
- My invention relates to a new process of improving ,iron and steel; and it consists in steps hereinafter described and claimed.
- the preferable manner of using this invention is to treat a bath of iron or steel while in the furnace or converter with a small percentage of aluminium and silicon alloy, or alloy of the same with iron, the same to contain not to exceed one-fifth of one per cent. of aluminium and silicon combined, the same to be melted together with the iron or steel, in order to give the aluminium and silicon sufficient time to thoroughly mix with the entire mass of material to be treated.
- aluminium and silicon combined may be added, alone or alloyed with iron, to the material, if it be still fluid after it leaves the furnace; but care should be taken to have the bath of molten metal to be treated superheated before leaving the furnace if an alloy of iron, silicon, and aluminium is to be used, as it has a very high melting-point, and without such superheating it may chill the bath of steel or iron to which it is added.
Description
llNlTE' rates f a'rnn'r rricn.
EUGENE H. COVLES, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.
PROCESS OF 'iViANUFACTURlNG BRQN OR STEEL.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 397,491, dated February 12, 1889.
Application filed December 24, 1887. Serial No. 258,920. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that LEUGENE H. COWLES, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and Improved Process of Manufacturing Iron or Steel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.
My invention relates to a new process of improving ,iron and steel; and it consists in steps hereinafter described and claimed.
It is well known that many metals when hot have a great affinity for certain elements that exist in a gaseous state in the atmosphere to which they are exposed while in a molten condition. In the smelting and manufacture of iron and steel oxygen appears to be the most noxious and injurious element encountered. hen fluid, the iron takes up large quantities of oxygen, either in a free state or combined with other elements-such as can bouand the oxygen or carbon oxide remains in the metal either in mechanical mixture or in the state of chemical combination with the iron even after the metal has become cold. The worst effect of oxygen thus found in iron or steel is the formation of certain sub-oxides of iron and the leaving of cavities through the mass, whose sides are lined with the suboxide or streaks, seams, fissures, and flaws in rolled or forged iron or steel which are caused by the non-weldin g character of the sub-oxide that forms on the faces of these scams or cracks. Thepresence of the sub-oxide throughout mass of iron or steel in minute specks that can only be seen by the microscope likewise seriously impairs the strength, hot and cold working qualities, and welding properties of iron and steel. In fact, it is susceptible of proof that the sub-oxide that forms in iron and steel is more disastrous to its Value than the so-called blowholes. In order to prevent these sub-oxides from forming and to eliminate as far as possible the bad effects of oxygen and other injurious elementssuch, for instance, as sulphurfrom iron or steel,l use an alloy of silicon and aluminium. This alloy of aluminium and silicon is somewhat variable in its proportions; but it has been found that the silicon may form as high as fifty percent. of the alloy. If this alloy be added to iron or steel while in a fluid state, or melted together with iron or steel, or reduced directly from the cres of silicon and aluminium into iron or steel, it will remove nearly all the oxygen. present. It may likewise be addedto a bath of molten iron or steel in the form of an alloy of silicon, aluminium, and iron or steel.
By the application of this invention and subsequent thereto many tens of iron or steel are now being refined and improved weekly in this country and abroad, and it is found that it is a much cheaper process than that wherein pure aluminium or an alloy of aluminium and iron is used to effect a somewhat similar result. The preferable manner of using this invention is to treat a bath of iron or steel while in the furnace or converter with a small percentage of aluminium and silicon alloy, or alloy of the same with iron, the same to contain not to exceed one-fifth of one per cent. of aluminium and silicon combined, the same to be melted together with the iron or steel, in order to give the aluminium and silicon sufficient time to thoroughly mix with the entire mass of material to be treated. If the metal is immediately taken from the fire as soon as the aluminium and silicon is well incorporated, the best results will be obtained; but should the heat be prolonged, and it is desired to take extra precautions, another five-hiuidredths of one per cent. of aluminium and silicon combined may be added, alone or alloyed with iron, to the material, if it be still fluid after it leaves the furnace; but care should be taken to have the bath of molten metal to be treated superheated before leaving the furnace if an alloy of iron, silicon, and aluminium is to be used, as it has a very high melting-point, and without such superheating it may chill the bath of steel or iron to which it is added.
I am fully aware that aluminium has heretofore frequently been added to iron and steel. It is claimed that traces of it have been found in lVootz steel and many other irons and steels; but these claims are of doubtful authenticity. Yet it has been frequently added to steel and iron in its pure state. Deville, Dr. Percy, and Sir Lothian Bell have all made alloys of iron and steel with pure aluminium;
and hence I do not claim an alloy of iron or steel and aluminium, nor methods of treating iron or steel with aluminium or alloy of aluminium and iron.
An alloy of silicon and aluminium is much more economic and produces better results than the use of aluminium alone or combined with iron.
In reducing silicon and aluminium to form the desired alloy it is more convenient to add more or less iron for purpose of collecting these light materials in the furnace where they are reduced, and consequently such alloy of the three elements is more frequently used in carrying out my invention than an'alloy of silicon and aluminium alone.
What I claim is 1. The herein-described step in the process of manufacturing iron and steel, consisting in the admixture with the molten iron or steel of an alloy of silicon and aluminium in about 116 1proportions specified, substantially as set ort 1.
2. The herein-described step in the process of manufacturing iron and steel, consisting in melting together iron or steel with an alloy of silicon, aluminium, and iron, substantially as set forth.
3. The herein-described step in the process of manufacturing iron and steel, consisting in melting together iron or steel with an alloy of silicon and aluminium.
4. The herein-described step in the process of manufacturing iron and steel, consisting in the admixture with the molten iron or steel of an alloy of silicon, aluminium, and iron, substantially as set forth.
In testimony whereof I sign this specification, in the presence of two witnesses, this 21st day of December, 1887.
EUGENE H. cowLEs.
Vitnesses:
ALBERT E. LYNCH, CHAS. II. DORER.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US397491A true US397491A (en) | 1889-02-12 |
Family
ID=2466457
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US397491D Expired - Lifetime US397491A (en) | Process of manufacturing iron or steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US397491A (en) |
-
0
- US US397491D patent/US397491A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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