US395508A - patten - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. J. PATTEN. I I

MULTIPLEX TELEGRAPHY.

No. 395,508. Patented Jan. 1, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT EETEE.

FRANCIS JARVIS PATIEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO J. M. SEYMOUR, F SAME PLACE.

MU LTIPLEX TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 395,508, dated January 1, 1889.

Application filed October 16, 1888. Serial No. 288,274. (No model.)

To (ZZZ whom it may concern: Myinvention embodies, also,other features,

Be it known that I, FRANCIS JARVIS PAT- which will be hereinafter fully described in TEN, a citizen of the United States, residing this specification, and definitely indicated in in the city, county, and State of New York, the appended claims.

have invented a new and Improved System of In the accompanying d rawings, which illus- Multiplex Telegraphy, (for which I have filed trate my invention, Figures 1 and 2 show diaan application for Letters Patent in France, grammatically two distant main stations dated November 13, 1888,) of which the folfrom which radiate the connections with sevlowing is a specification. eral local stations the apparatus for one such to This invention relates to telegraphy, and local being shown. I

particularly to that class of telegraphic sys- As shown, Fig. 1 represents the apparatus tems known as multiplex, in which a numin condition for sending, and Fig. 2 the apber of messages may be simultaneously transparatus in condition for receiving. The two mitted on the same line-wire. Among the staticn-equipments are nearly identical in ar- 15 many systems of this character now known rangement, differing only in the connections to thepublic someas the duplex and quadof the synchronizing apparatus. Fig. is a ruplexare operated by the use of different detail of the motor-armature at station Y.

strengths and polarities of transmitting-cur- The synchronizing apparatus consists of rent, and others contain at diiterent stations the following operative parts: 7o

2o distributing apparatusas sunflowers-kept At the sending-station X is an ordinary diin synchronous rotation by electrically-conroot-current electric motor, Mt, driven by an trolled step-by-step devices, which give each independent battery, M B, provided withan of aseries of local stations the use of a linearmature of the ordinary Siemens H type; current for a portion of each increment of A A. This armature is connected through 25 time during which the apparatus is in use. theeommutator c c and brushesbr-t and br- My invention generically belongs to the latto the motor-batteryM B. The armature A ter type, embodying anovel system of synch- A, instead of being a simple closed coil, is ronism, by which distributing apparatus at broken at its middle point, and the two terinidifferent stations kept in unison, and an nals thus formed are secured to the'two insu- 8o 3o independentsystem of signaling between the lated co11tactrings r and 7', upon wl1ichthe""-" stations. brushes 1) and Z) bear. To thesebrushes an My invention consists in a system in which external loop, Z Z, including the coils of a pocurrentdistributers or progressive circuitlarized relay, P, is connected. The armaclosers are maintained in synchronism by ture-circuitAA is therefore closed through 35 electric motorshaying independcntfield-magan independent external loop, Z Z, forming nets and armature-circuits, one of which ciran independent part of the armature-circuit; units in each motor is controlled by a line- From the operation of such machines-it folcurrentchanged by reversal or interruption, lows that an alternating current reversed at or otherwise, at periods corresponding to the each half-revolution of the armature circuo 7 4o armature-revolutions, and the other of which lates in the loop Z Z as a result of the action circuits is excited by source of direct current. of the two-part commutator c These al- My in vcntion also consists in determining ternating currents cause the tongue or armas the rate of change'in the controlling-current ture I of the polarized relay P to ribrate be for synchronizing the motors by the revolutween the contact-stops s and s at each re 5 J 4 5 tions of a controlling-motor, which sets the versal of current in the motor-armature A A pace for the other motors of the system. and loop Z Z The fixed end of this armature It also consists in asystem of signaling 15 is attached to the main line L M, extendQ over the same line-wire with a current of an ing from the station X to the station Y, 'The electro-motive force which will not interfere contacts'tops s and 5', against which the vi- 50 with the synchronizing current and operabrating tongue t strikes at each reversal of tionf current, are connected to the opposite poles of the line-battery L B, Fig. 1, where it is connected to earth at E through the wire 13, the trailing brush T, and other connections. It follows from what has so far been described that as the motor-armature A A, Fig. 1, revolves, the vibrating armature z" of the polarized relayP will more rapidly back and forth, beating the half-revolutions ot' the armature A A, and at each half-revolution this vibrator will send a pulsation of current alternately positive and negative over the main line M .L M L to the distant station from the line-battery L B, to which it is connected through the contact-stops .9 3 At the distant station Y or any terminal or way stat-ion the main line M L passes through or includes in circuit the coils of another polarized relay, P, Fig. 2, and the armature of this polarized relay will vibrate in unison with and respond to the vibrations of the relay at station X as the alternating pulsations of current are transmitted by the latter over the line from the battery L B, and the relay P at Y will therefore beat the half-revolutions of the armature of the motor Mt at station X. Now the relay at the distant station Y has the fixed end of its vibrating tongue t connected in the fieldcircuits k k by wire 21 of the motor Mt at Y,

the other terminal of the field-coils being connected to the middle point of the split battery M 13 the terminal poles of which are connected through the wires 21 and 41 to the contact-stops of the relay P From these connections it follows that as the tongue 25 of the relay P at the station Y vibrates to and fro it will send alternate currents through the field-coils of the motor Mt at station Y, and its field-magnetism will be reversed at each vibration of the tongue of the polarized relay P N ow the armature A A of this motor M1? is supplied with a continuous direct current from the independent battery L B through the insulated contact-rings 1 1 to which the armattire-terminals are connected. Having thus a direct current in the armature and an alternating field, this motor will revolve and its armature will turn precisely onehalf a revolution at each reversal of the fieldcurrent and magnetism of the field; but as this current and the induced magnetism are reversed by the polarized relay P while moving in unison with the relay at station X, which latter beats the half-revolutions of the armature A A of the motor at that station, it follows that the two machines Mt at X and M15 at Y must revolve in unison with each other, the half-revolutions of the armature in one machinecorresponding precisely to the half-revolutions of those in the other.

It will thus be seen that one of the motors sets the pace for all of the others and becomes a controlling agency by which the speed of all the others is regulated, any variation in the speed of one being instantly accompanied by a similar and equal. change in the speed of all the others.

In order to make the controlled motors instantly and unerringly responsive in time and direction of movement to the controlling line-current, I provide its armature with two coils, A A at different lateral positions on the armaturespindle, but in the same magnetic field, the poles of these coils being set at right angles to each other, so that one pair of poles will always be under the influence of the magnetic field. Such in brief is the synchronizing device used in this system, and it is selfeorrective in its tendencies, the machine exerting a positive effort to get into synchronism instead of getting out.

At each station the spindles of the motors either carry or are geared to an auxiliary spindle which carries a revolving tailing brush thus caused to sweep over a table of circular contacts or segments, (1+ d, and in both machines the gearing between the armaturespindle and the trailer is such that the trailer shall have a rate of speed suitable fora synclr ronous multiplex system of telegraphy. A single segment or any convenient portion of the entire circumference of the disk may be made to correspond to a single transmitted impulse of positive or negative current over the line from the local batteryL B. \Ve may therefore designate the segments and in opposite halves of the ring, and it follows th ata corresponding positive or negative current will be transmitted over the main line and through all the apparatus at each passage of the trailing brushes over that portion of the table of contacts according to which one of the two contact-stops s or .5- is in bearing with the tongue '15.

Having thus described the essential features of the synchronizing apparatus, the systems of circuits and connections for telegraphic transmission will be explained.

The fixed part of the segmental distributer [1+ (1+ 61- (l is divided into a number of separate insulated segments equal to the number of branch circuits it is desired to connect to a single main line or some multiple thereof.

By the term distributer I mean a series of contacts or segments progressively engaged by contact device or brush, so that when the distributer is operated successive engagements of the contacts will be made. with the brushes, and local branch circuits connected to the contacts will be successively connected to line.

' A distributor is shown in the drawings of twelve branches, the necessary circuits for sending and receiving being drawn in detail for one'of them only, the rest being simply a repetition of the one shown in detail. The local branches are connected to the distributer-segments, as shown at 1 2 3, &c., to 12. Each branch leaving the segment goes to a switch-center, W WV, &c., where an ordinary switch connects the branch to a sending or to a receiving wire, as desired. The circuits complete are shown for the branch or leg No. 2 at each station. In the following description it will besupposed that the trailreach the transmitting-station.

' tact with corresponding segments, and therelore connecting for the time being the circuits radiating from segments No. 2 at each station with each other through the main wire, the transmitting and receiving apparatus for .that particular local branch, and the earthreturn R6 and R15 Each local branch therefore becomes a return branch for the current passing over line, by which it may again These return branches may be connected to a metallic return-circuit or may be grounded, as shown in the present embodiment of my invention.

Station X. is represented as sending and station Y as receiving over the line and connections of branch No. 9, the switch \V in Fig, 1 being turned to S, tllrough which the transmitting apparatus is connected in circuit, and the corresponding switch, in Fig. 2 being turned to R through which the receiving apparatus is putin circuit with the main line. The sending apparatus at X, Fig. 1, consists, first, of the direct wire 1i 1%, which makes connection through the key K, switch V, and Y3 direct with the earth at E. The synchronizing-current has a low-resistance path through these connections and key K when the latter is on its back contact, said synchronizi ng-current being grounded at the station X byway of middle pointot' split bat tery L B, wire 12-3, brush 1) Z), trailer '1", local branches through the switch \V, wire 14, by way of key K, switch V, and earth, and through the shunt 15 15, which is placed in series with 14- and made the path for both the synchronizing and transmitting currents when. the key is depressed, and the circuit 10 1 ii is closed through the front contact, on, and battery N.

I I is a generator of high-tension current.

'(Shown in the drawings as an ordinary induction-coil.) Its low-resistance coil-here made the pri1nary-is connected in thecircuit lo 16, including the battery N, the circuit being completed through the vibrator r and back contact, y, thereof. \Yhcmever the key K is depressed a pulsatory current is sent through the primary of the ind uction-coil by the makeand-break action of the vibrator r, acted upon bythe core Z of the imluction coil. The inductive action thus brought about sets up pulsatory currents of high electro-moiivc force in the secondaryp p of. the induction-coil,and this circuit, it will. be observed, is always closed through the line-con nections whenever the key K is depressed, the low-resistance circuit through the back contact and 14 to earth bein first broken. As long as the key K is de pressed, therefore, a series of rapid vibratory impulses of high electro-motive force is transmitted over the line as long the trailer is on the segment. No. 2. It, now, the trailer is given a speed of fifteen revolutions or contacts with the branch No. 2 per second, these series of vibratory impulses will be repeated in such rapid succession that the break in any sound thus produced could not be detected by the ear, and as long as the key remains depressed a buzzing sound would be produced by these impulses in a telephone-receiver.

The receiving apparatus connected in circuit at station Y is shown as an ordinary telephone, T R at station Y and T R at station X, though anyinstrlm'ient that would respond, to high-tension currents might-be used. lVhenever a key in any local branch is del pressed, a continuous buzz is heard in the telephone-receiver, which may be broken into Morse signals by the usual manipulations ol. the sending-key.

The sounders l) and D at the two stations are used for calling the sending-operator or breaking. The pulsatory currents trans mitted by the imluction-coil when either key is depressed are so rapid and of such high electro-motive force that the sounder, or relay used to actuate the sounder, will not respond.

It will be observed, however, that at each successive contact of the trailer with a localstation segment a momentary synchronizingcurrent is sent to the line from the battery L 15;, Fig. l, and the relay will respond to these currents, and when switched into the low-resistance circuit, as shown at D Fig. 2, this relay or seunderwill attract its armature with each successive contact of trailer and segment, and will chatter as the synchronizing-current passes in rapid pulsations over the line, and may thus beused to call the attention of the operator, for if the switch V at X be momentarily removed from the contact 60 and the operator at Y have his switch W on the sending-contact S the relay or sounder D willcease vibrating, and thus attractthe at tention of the operator at station Y.

It is evident from an examination of the paratively low-tension battery-current sent alternately from opposite poles of the battery as maintained, the line being charged first with charged by a corres 'iondingsuccession of minus waves.

The i'nani nila-iion of any key in the system operates to superpose upon the existing waves of synchronizing-current a rapid pulsa-tory current of high electro-moti ve force which will traverse the wire independently of the synchron izing-eurrent and without interfering with it, the et'teetotthe latter being simply to proas the diaphragm is alternately attracted and released by" the rapid make and break of the pulsatory current sent from the secondary of the in duction-coil to line.

Each distributor is providedwith connec tions by which any desired local stations may system that it consists in the use of a cent.

a synchronizing-curren t, which is constantly a seriesof plus waves of current and then disduce a buzzing sound in the telephone-recei ver be connectedthat is to say, the connect-ingwires foranypair of locals may be electrically attached to corresponding segments of the distributers. This may be done by an ordinary plug and flexible connection to connect with a segment, the plug being inserted in a holder, as'shown at j, Fig. 1..

In Fig. 2 is shown a rheosi at at Rh, which is inserted between the main line and the branch to earth in order to balance the line with respect to the branch placed to earth at Y, so that this path to earth may be made equal to that at any other point along the main line where another distributer might be inserted.

It is evident that with a single-wire mainline circuit, as shown, the pulsatory currents must traverse all the resistances in the circuit, including that portion of the batteryL B at the time furnishing the synchronizing-current. To avoid this a condenser, C, Fig. 1, is placed in a shunt around both halves of this battery. The pulsatory currents will readily traverse this resistance, while the synchronizing-current will take the path through the battery. I

In a system such as I have described the synchronizing apparatus is entirely independent of the signaling system. The trailing brush is driven by or geared to the moving part of the motor, so as to give each operator the use of the line practically all of the time, and it is only necessary to secure certainty of action that a vibrator for the induction-coil be used having a proper rate of vibration to i11- sure the signaling-current passing to line when the brush bears on any particular segment.

Another application tiled by me, No. 289,025, October 24, 1888, contains a description of a system of multiplex telegraphy in which the circuit-ln'eaking apparatus for the inductioncoil, which in the present embodiment of my invention is a vibrating rheotome, is actuated by the trailing arm. In the other application is also described means for providing the syn chronizing-current for a large portion of the time with a low-resistai'ice path to ground at the station, so that the effect of said current will not be wez-tkened by the resistance of the receiving ap m-ratus.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure lrvlletters latent 1s 1. In a telegraph system, the combination of a line-circuit connecting different stations, synchronou sly-1n ovin g electric motors located at said stations, current-distributers driven by said motors, local branches successively connected to line by the distributer, a practically-continuous source of current for establishing synchronism, a source of current of different electro-inotive force for signaling, and electric connections between said signaling source and the local distributer-segment, a controlling-key, and receiving-instruments to respond to said signaling-current, whereby the signaling-impulses are thrown upon the line during the continuance of the synchroniz ing-eurrent. p

2. In a telegraph system, the combination of a series of synchronously-moving motors located at different stations, at line-circuit connecting the stations carrying a practicallycontinuous low-tension current for controlling the motors, a series of current-distributers driven by the motors, local branch circuits successively connected. to line by the distributers, an induction generator for throwing high-tension currents 011 line, and electric connections between the induced circuit of said generator and the local distributer-segment, a controlling-key, and receiving-ins-truments at the several stations to respond to the hightension currents.

3. In a telegraph system, the combination of a line-circuit connecting different stations,

syn chronously-moving electric motors located I at said stations, controlled by a low-tension current on said circuit, distributers driven by said motors, local branches successively connected to line by the distribnters, a switch for connecting each branch through a low-tension or a high-tension receiving-instrument, being normally on the low-tension branch, and a transmitting-instrument at each station for throwing high-tension current through the distributer and line into a desired local branch, whereby any desired local may be first called and then communicated with.

a. In a telegraph system, the combination of a line-circuit connecting different stations, synchronously-moving electric motors located at said stations, current-distributers driven by said motors, local branches successively connected to line by the distributers, a practically-continuous source of low-tensioncurrent for establishing synchronism, a callinginstrument in normally-closed relation to each branch, an induction-generator, electric connections between said generator and the local distributer-segment, a controlling-key, and a receiving-instrument at each station .to 1'6- spond to said high-tension current.

5. In a telegraph system, the combination of a line-circuit connecting different stations, synchronously moving distributing apparatus at each station, a source of low-tension current for controlling the same, local branches successively connected to line by said distrib-' uting apparatus, an induction-coil at .each station having its line wire in shunt relation to the local branch, a receiving-instrument in each branch adapted to respond to the induced current, and a key for throwing current through the primary of, the inductioncoil and simultaneously rupturing the lowresistance branch of the shunt. r

G. In a telegraph system, the combination of a line-circuit connecting different stations, synchronously -moving distributing apparatus at each station, a source of low-tension current for controlling the same, local branches successively connected to line by said distrib- IIO uting apparatus, an induction-coil at each station having its high-tension coil in, shunt relation to the local branch, a vibrator for said induction coil, a key for throwing current through the low-resistance coil of the induction-coil and to line, and a receiving-instrument in each branch adapted to respond to the induced currents.

7. A synchronizing system for multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a line-circuit c011- necting different stations, a current-changer in said line, controlled electric motors at the different stations having independentfieldmagnet and armature circuits, the polarity of one being constant and that of the other being reversed in accordance with the changes in the line-current, and a curreiit-distributer driven by the moving part of each motor.

8. A synchronizing system for multiplex telegraphy, consisting ot a line-circuit connecting dillerent stations, at current-changer for reversing current in said line, a relay at each station actuatml by the lin c-current, a local circuit periodically reversei'l by the armature of said relay, an electric motor having independent field-magnet and armature circuits, one of which is included in the circuit reversed by the armature elf the relay, the other of which is excited. by a current of one lirection, and a current-distributer driven by the n'ioving part of said motor. l

t). A synchronizing system for multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a line-circuit connecting dit't'erent stations, a controlling electric motor at one station, a series of controlled electric motors at the other stations, a polechanger tor the line-current operated by the controlling-motor, a relay at each station act uated by the reversals ot' the line-current, a local circuit periodically reversed by the armature of said relay, an electric motor having independent tield-nu'ignet and armature circuits, the .tield-magnet coils being included in the circuit reversed by the rclay-armature, the armature-coils being excited by a current of one dirct'ition, and a current-distrilniter driven by said motor.

ll). A s nchronizing system for multiplex telegraphy, consisting of a line-circuit including polarized relay at different stations, a iiole-changer tor reversing current in the line, the armature of each relay playing between contaet-poinis, a split battery having its two poles connected to the said contactpoints, a motor having independent fieldmagnct and armature circuits, one of which circuits is connected to the relay-armature and the middle point olf thebattery, the other of which circuits is excited by a direct current, and a current-distributer driven by said motor.

11. A telegraph system comprising a main line connecting diiterent stations, a currentcontroller for the line-currei'its periodically changing said currents, an electric motor at 6 5 each station having independent field-magnet and armature circuits, a current-reverser operated by the line-currents for reversing current in one of said independent circuits, the other independent circuit being excited by a direct current, current-distributers at the sevcral stations driven bythemotors hit a branch between the main line and return, and tele graphic transmitting and receiving instruments in each branch.

' 12. A system of multiplex telegraphy compri 'n synehronously-moving electric motors at different main stations, a line connecting said main stations and controlling the motors,

a segmental distribute-r connected. to line at each station driven by the motor, a series of return branches from the segments of the distributor passin through the several local stations, a'n inducbig-generator for each branch having its induced circuit electrically connected with a local segment, and a key controlling the induced circuit, and a receivinginstrument at each local adapted to respond to the high-tension current.

13. A system of multiplex teligraphy com- 0 prising a main line connecting dit't'erent stations, electric motors at the stations synchronousl y controlled by the main-line current, return. branches at the stations including distributors driven by the motor, a low-tension receiver normally in the branch, an induction generator and transmittingkey for throwing high-tension currents into the distributer and line, a high-tension receiver at each station adapted to respond to said hightension current, and a lllOOSiFtii in each branch.

l-t. A synchronizing system for multiplex. telegraphy, consisting of a line'eircuit connecting the different stations, electric motors at the different stations having independent field-magnet and arn'iature circuits, the polarity of one being constant and having its poles ninety degrees apart, a cnrrcnt-changer in the line-circuit t'or reversing the polarity IIO of the other independent circuit, and a current-distrilniter driven by the moving part of the motor.

In testimony \vhereo't' Iattix my signaturein the presence of two witnesses.

FRANCIS JARVIS PATTEN.

Ill'itnesses:

Rona. H. READ, iv. A. RoBERTs.

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