US394762A - Machine for cutting and shaping wood - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 4 sneet s-shee1: 1.

G. L. GOEHRING.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. No. 394,762. Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

N. PETERS. PhokrLfllwgriphur, Waihillghn. D C.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. O. L. GOEHRING.

MAGHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. N0. 894,76 Patented Dec. 18, 1888.

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(No Model.)

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MACHINE FOE CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD.

Patented Dec. 18,- 1888.

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O. L. GOEHRING.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD. No. 394,762.

Patented Dec. 18,v 1888.

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i l. 1, A 81 8 @514 fluow 5E? I q htmeooey p CHARLES Ii. GOEIIRING, OF ALLEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR CUTTING AND SHAPING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 394,762, dated December 18, 1888.

Application filed September 20, 1887. Serial No. 250,208. (No model.)

.To aZZ whom it may Concern..-

.Be it known that 1, CHARLES L. GOEHRING, of Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Cutting and Shaping ced and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and eX- act description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to an improvement in machines for cutting and shaping wood.

In Patents No. 356,066 of January 11, 1887, No. 358,260 of February 22, 1887, No. 361,868 and No. 361,869 of April 26', ESL-different constructions of wood molding and shaping machines are shown of greater or less similarity in general construction, but showing improvements in details of construction, one upon the other; and the object of my present invention is to provide certain further improvements in the various constructions referred to; and with this end in view my present invention consists in an attachment for forming a bead on the face of strips of wood, however irregular their edges may be scalloped, or otherwise irregular and varied in size, and in so doing forming the edge of this bead parallel at all points with the adjacent edge of the wood.

It further consists in apparatus for holding the wood while being operated upon rigidly in place upon a carriage or reciprocating table.

It still further consists in connected mechanism for automatically shifting the cutterheads so as to always con form to the shape of any desired pattern.

It still further consists in certain features of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

I11 the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of the machine. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the middle of the machine. Fig. 3 is a view in transverse section. Fig. i is a longitudinal vertical section showing the mechanism for operating the clam ping-dogs. Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the straddler and idler mounted therein. Fig; 6 is a front view of the same. Fig. 7 is an enlarged plan view of the oscillatory reciprocating cutter head mechanism.

Fig. 8 a transverse section of the same, and Fig. 9 shows different shapes of wood resulting from the machine.

A represents the table of the machine supported on legs B. Longitudinally through the middle of the table a slot, A, is formed, and beneath this slot, on either side thereof, a series of frames or yokes, B, are secured. Supported by the latter and suitably separated are the opposed parallel guide-rails C, and above these rails 0 similar parallel guiderails, C, form the slot A in the table. Between these guide-rails C and O a reciproeating table or carriage, D, is guided, its lower plate, a, being mounted on the rails C, while the upper plate, b, is mounted on the guide-rails O,the entire table or carriage be ing prevented from any lateral movement by these rails. On the lower face of the lower plate, a, a rack-bar, a, is formed, and adapted to mesh with the teeth of this bar is agearwheel, D, the latter being mounted on a spindle provided with connected gear-wheels, which receive motion from suitably-connected gearing which drives the machine.

Laterally-moving slides E are guided by suitable tracks, E, and on the lower faces, near their opposed edges, the friction-rollers c are mounted and adapted to impinge against a pattern, F, screwed down upon the lower plate of the reciprocating table or carriage. Vertical spindles G are journaled in the slides E and provided with pulleys,whereby they are operated. Secured on the upper end of the spindles G are the cutter-heads G G which dress the board II, being operated upon in the same shape as the pattern F, one or both cutter-heads operating upon it at once to also give it a tongue or groove, or both, as well as the general outline of the pattern. Now when staves or other similar fiat pieces are being dressed on the edges, the idle-rollers H are necessary to hold the wood rigidly in place. hen the sides of staves or other similar strips of material are operated upon, the rollers H are removed and clamping-dogs I I, having serrated gripping-faces, are employed. These dogs project up through slots in the table or carriage D, and one is actuated by a very stiff spring, cl, made adjustable forward or backward by means of a long screw, d. The other dog is in the form of a lever, having link (Z at its lower end, the dog being antomati ally operated by the engagement ot. a pin therein in the cam-groove of a depending plate, J. This cam-groove is formed substantially as shown, having switches e at its ends so arranged as to guide the pin in the desired direction in the groove. Between the ends of the canrgroove several short oblique crossgrooves are located, these being designed to remove the pivoted dogs at periods to correspond with the length of material being operated uponas, for example, the pin 6' will naturally pass into the first cross-groove, 1, unless it is closed by a latch, e when it will be guided on to the next opened cross-groove, these grooves bein left open accordin to the length of the stave or other material to be operated uponl\"o. 1 when the shortest stick is being dressed. By means or" these cross grooves, by the proper arrangement, as described, according to the length of the material, much time is saved, as the carriage or table then returned and the piece released the instant it is finished. Switchesf are also formed by the ci'ossgrooves, and all of these switches may be held in place, preferably, by their own weight. Swing-actuated fingers g are arranged on the table in position tobe forced aside by the passing carriage and adapted to prevent anything falling into the slot.

\Vith the single exception of the cross camgrooves formed in the cam-plate .l and their switches, all the mechanism thus far described has been embodied in my former patents heretot'ore mentioned, and are herein entered to give a general idea of the working parts of the machine; but I now propose to enter into a detailed description of the parts connected with and operated by this mechanism, which comprise my present improvements.

To the outer ends of the slides E a rope, cord, or other flexible connection, 71, is attached and strung over a pulley, 71. This pulley is s1 epped in a plate secured to one of the side brackets, l between the legs of the machine. 011 the other end of this cord is attached a weight, K. \Vith this arrangement the slides are always normally held toward each other, or, in other words, with their frictionq'ollers 0 always in contact with the edge of the pattern on the lower plate, (1,0'f the carriage, thus giving the cutter-heads above a course similar to that of the fllfllilOll-lOllers. Thus by placing material on the upper plate, I), an exact iac-simile of the pattern, is cut. Owing to this fact I generally prefer to screw to the plate a piece of lumber of suitable thickness, 71 and first run this through to form a second pattern similar to the original on the plate below. All material placed over this second pattern is now formed just like the two patterns, and besides this the second pattern is for other uses. It prevents the cu1ter-heads from ever striking the plate, and its formed edges furnish an abutment for the oscillatory reciprocating mechanism yet to be described. As before stated, in case of the dressing of staves or similar strips of timber on the sides, the clamping-dogs l I are brought into use for holding the material at the ends; but when flat material is being operated upon at its edges the ordinary rollers, ll, are used, as shown in Fig. 2. A stem, F, passing loosely through a nu-ioration in each of the brackets l, is connected with the slides E, whereby the latter may be drawn apart when desired.

So far it should be remembered that the shape is given the strip onv one or both edges and the tongue and groove is formed; but connected with this machine and in position to accomplish its peculiar function is an oscillatory reciprocating device or cutter for forming a rib, lip, or bead, 74 on one face of the material, having its edges always parallel, or, rather, having the new edge formed always parallel with the edge formed by the cutter heads. The mechanism for accomplishing this consists of a stationary plate, .1, having screw-holes or similar means, whereby it is removably secured to the table. This plate is provided with guide-tracks 71 and mountcal between these tracks and adapted to t'reel y reciprocate thereon is a slide-plate, J Mounted on the plate .1" is a bracket, J, carryinga pulley, 72. A cord or similar connection is strung over this pulley and secured to the plate at the rear of the ln-aeket. Thence the cord is strung over a similar pulley, 72 and provided. with a heavy weight, which normally holds the slide-plate forward in close proximity to the second pattern, 72 livoted to the forward. end of this reciprocating slide J by means of? a pin, r, there an oscillating frame, .l, limited in lateral. movement by lugs f, and prevented from displaeementat its free end by shield j On the top of the oscillatingplate forming the base of the frame the pillow-blocks K are rigidly secured, and preferably beneath the foremost. of these a pair of .lricti(in-rollers, 1', are journaled, with their edges projeetingbeyond the end of the slide. These rollers are sullicie'ntl y separated to oscillate thelj'rame to always be approximately at right angles to the surface it is working upon. Aspindle, K extends longitudinally of the oscillating frame, and is journaled in the pillow-block K directly over one of the rollers. end of this spindle is n-ovided with a cutterhead, K, of the desired design. This spindle is provided with a driving-pulley, '2", and a belt operates the pulley.

It is obvious that di'liferent cutter-heads might be employed to suit the work desired, the principal object being to cut a bead on the material to cover any cracks or defects in joining pieces or to give the surface of the material an ornamental finish. It is important that: the spindle should be directly over one of the rollers, otherwise the cut of the cutter-howl would not be parallel with the edge of? the wood. This attachment would be The outer applicable to other machines, and may be readily removed from this when not in use. The gage device just described may be placed at one side of the cutter-heads G G From the foregoing description of parts it will be readily gathered that the important result to be attained is to always have the cutterhead K at an equal distance from the edge of the material being operated upon, however irregular that edge may be. To accomplish this the roller nearest the cutterliead spindle must always be in contact with the edge of the material being worked, and both rollers should be in contact therewith. Sngh a result will not follow unless the gage device can both oscillate and reciprocate, be cause the material being acted upon is fixed securely to the reciprocating table, and hence .cannot move otherwise than in conjunction with the table. To compensate for this the mechanism described is resorted to. Now during the operation of forming the bead the strip of wood, ll, resting upon the table D is carried forward. The edge or edges of this strip are preferably scalloped, as indicated in Fig. 9, and as the reciprocating table moves forward the oscillating frame J is held normally forward through the in strumentality of a suspended weight, so that the rollerse' travel along the scalloped edge one before the other; hence the more irregular the surface these rollers travel the greater is the frame oscillated. The cutter head K meanwhile is whirling at a tremendous speed, and as the spindle carrying this head is directly over one of the rollers, and as the head is always the same distance from said rollers, as a natural consequence the cutting must be parallel to the edge upon which the roller 2' is guided.

Although the pressure on the clampingdogs I I is enormous when exerted 011 the opposite ends of a strip of timber-such as a staveyct it has been found, in spite of this great pressure, that the material would yield more or less in the middle, particularly in long strips of material. The mechanism now to be described is devised to obviate this defect. This device consists in the straddler or housing L, adapted to best ride the slot A and be attached to the table A, near the cutterheads 1", G and on the opposite side from the gage device. A toothed idle-wheel, M, is journaled in sliding blocks R in the parallel limbs of the uprights of the straddler. The idle-wheel is formed with a slotted center adapted to receive the holding-dogs clamping the piece of lumber being worked. A stiff spring, R, is located in the uprights back of or above the sliding blocks, and adapted to be adjusted downward by screws I. Now the idle-wheel travels rigidly down upon the upper edge of the material being operated upon, the dogs passing between its halves of the idle-whwl. The screw] is turned up or down, according to the width. of the strip of wood being dressed. It is plain that this attachment is only used when stripssuch as long barrel-stavesare being dressed on the edges; but when flat down upon a face and being dressed on an edge the rollers 11 are employed and the oscillatoryreciprocating gage is used to form a head on the material.

It is evident that slight changes might be resorted to in the form and arrangement of the several parts described without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention; hence I do not wish to limit myself to the particular construct-ion herein shown; but,

Having fullydescribed my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a wood-sl'iaping machine, the combination, with a stationary table having a slot through its center and a cam-plate depending in close proximity to the slot, said cam-plate having switches, cross cam grooves, and latches arranged substantially as indicated, of a set of locking-dogs operated automatically by their engagement by the cam-grooves, substantially as set forth.

2. In a wood-shaping machine, the combination, with a stationary table, a reciprocating table, and movable cutter-heads, of an oscillatory reciprocating cutter-head adapted to operate in close proximity to the movable cutter-heads for giving the material sawed a iinal finish, substantially as set forth.

3. In a wood-shaping machine, the combination, with devices for feeding or advancing the material to be operated upon, of an oscillatory reciprocating cutter-frame carrying a rotary cutter-head projected over the face of the material and traversing across the surface thereof in lines transverse to the feedmotion, substantially as described.

4. In a wood-shaping machine, and in combination with devices operating to advance or feed the material, an oscillatory reciprocating frame, a rotating spindle mounted in said frame and carrying a cutter-head above and projected across the surface of the material to be operated upon, with devices for automatically oscillating and reciprocating said frame, substantially as described.

5. An oscillatory reciprocating cutter con sisting, essentially, of anoscillatory reciprocating frame, a rotary cutter thereon, and weights and friction-rollers for automatically holding this mechanism in proper working re lation to the material being dressed, substantially as set forth.

6. An oscillatory reciprocating cutter consisting, essentially, of a reciprocating plate, an oscillating frame pivoted thereto, frictionrollers for oscillating this frame, and weights or similar mechanism for normally holding the frame toits work, a spindle journaled in the frame, and a removable cutterhead mounted on said spindle, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination, with a straddler having longitudinally-slotted standards joined at or near their upper ends, of an idler consisting of a pair of disks arranged parallel to each other and having spurs on their peripheries, said idler journaled in sliding boxes located in the slots of the standards, springs in the slots bearing on the journatboxes, and adj usting-screws for regulating the position of said journal-boxes, substantially as set forth.

8. The comliination, with a slotted stationair table, a reciprocating table, and a pattern carried on the rcci 'irocating table, of a pair of slides having t'riction-rollers thereon held normallyin contact with the edges of the pat terns, spindles journaled in the slides and carrying cutter-heads, and an oscillatory reciprocating cutter-head adapted to do its cutting in lines parallel with the pattern edge, substantially as set forth.

SJ. In a s]iapirig-machine such as described, the combination of feeding mechanism for advancing the material, an oscillat'onv reciprocatingframe sn1ilporting a rotary cutterhead overlying the surface to be acted upon and reciprocating in a line transverse to the direction of feed motion, a cam or pattern moving in unison with the material and operating to simultaneously reciprocate and oscillate the frame supporting the cutter-head, substantially as described.

10. In a shaping-machine such as described, the frame carrying the cutter and its arbor pivotally connected to a reciprocating support provided with two contacts, and a reciprocating pattern or plate engaging said contacts to oscillate and reciprocate the frame carrying the cutter, substantially as described.

1 1. In a shaping-machine substantially such as described, the combination, with devices for feeding or advancing the material and a pattern moving in unison therewith, of a frame pivotally attached to a slide and engaging said pattern at two points to effect the oscillatory lOClPlOCELlJlllg motions of the frame, and a spindle mounted in the frame and provided with a cuttenhead projecting across and traversing the surface of the material in a line transverse to the feed motion, substantially as set forth.

1?. In a shaping-machine such as described, the combination, with devices for advancing the material in a straight line, of an oscillato'. reciprocatin frame movablein aplane transverse to the direction in which the material is fed, a rotating arbor or spindle mounted in said frame and projectingover the surface to be shaped, and a cutter-head secured to said spindle above the surface of the material and in position to engage and traverse across the surface in the plane of movement parallel with that of its supporting-frame, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHAS. L. Gonnnmo.

\V itnesses:

GEO. F. DOWNING, V. E. HODGES.

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