US393604A - Assigjstoe to pieebe chou - Google Patents

Description

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(No 1101161. v I G. A. EARTH.

SQTEAM OR PNEUMATIC ENGINE.

N0. 393,604. Paten t'edNov. 2.7

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GUSTAV A. EARTH, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO PIERRE CHOU- TEAU, OF SAME PLACE.

STEAM OR PNEUMATIC ENGlNE SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 393,604, dated November 27, 1888.

Application filed April 17, 1888. Serial No.270.928. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

3e it known that I, GUSTAV A. EARTH, a ClblZBD' of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State .of Missouri, have in- 5 vented certain new and useful Improvements in Direct-Acting Steam or Pneumatic Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements on that for which application for a patent. was filed December 16, 1887, Serial No. 258,065, ior improvements in directacting steam .or pneumatic engines, and wherein the piston is reciprocated in the cylinder by the action of :5 its valve without the intervention of valveoperating mechanism; and my invention has for 1ts object to render such engines more positive and sensitive in action under high and low pressures, to obtain a steadier movement of the parts, and to facilitate the handling and application of the machine when used for chipping, calking, riveting, mining, and other purposes.

It consists in the combination of a cylinder boredout concentrically to two different diameters for different portions of its length, a tubular piston-rod provided with inlet and discharge passages, a distribution-valve ad apted to reciprocate within said piston-rod and formed with an improved arrangement of relief-passages, a rod attached to the tubular piston-rod and extending through a tubular casing projecting from the open end of the cylinder, 21. stock or holder secured to the outer end of the extension-rod for carrying a specially-constructed chisel or other appliance, and ahandle adapted to the closed end or head of the cylinder for directing the machine to its work, the whole being mounted on 40 wheels for facilitating the transport and ap plication of the machine.

On the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal section of my improved direct-acting engineadapted for use as achipping device in mining operations, the piston being shown at the outer termination of its stroke; Fig. 2, a detached view, to an enlarged scale, of a portion of the piston and distribution-valve seen in Fig. 1; Fig. 3,

a sectional plan on line 1 1 in Fig. 2; Fig. 4,

a similar view on line 2 2 in Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, aside view of the chipping-tool seen in Fig. 1, like letters of reference denoting like parts in all the figures.

a represents the cylinder, which is bored out concentrically to two different diameters extending in opposite directions from a plane at or near the middle of its length and corresponding, respectively, with the diameters of its piston b and of a tubular piston'rod, c, which is formed in one piece with or secured to the piston I). The piston b and tubular piston-rod c are bored out centrally to provide a cylindrical chamber or cavity, d, which extends from its open end, where it is flush with the outer side of the piston 12, to a suitable depth within the tubular piston-rod c, the inner end of which is extended by means of a square (or other) shaped piston-rod, c, passing through the open end of the cylinder a, and through and beyond a cylindrical tubular casing, a, which is secured at its open end to the corresponding end of the cylinder at and closed at its outer end, so as to form a bearing and guide thereat to the extension piston-rod c. By this arrangement an annular space, 6, is formed between the extension piston-rod c and tubular casing a, from which space e and from the cylinder at exhaust-passages n a, respectively, open into the external atmosphere.

In the outer open end of the chamber d is fitted and fixed a cylindrical tube or sleeve,

9, which is flush at its outer end with the outer side of the piston I) and extends a certain distance within the chamber (1. Into the inner end portion of this tube or sleeve 9 projects the outer diametrically-reduced end portion of a cylindrical distributioirvalve, h, which to the extent of that portion of its length beyond the shoulder of its reduced end is fitted to and capable of reciprocation within the chamber 01, and is formed with a longitudinal central supply-passage, 2', extending from its outer open end, inclosed by the tube or sleeve 5/, to a suitable depth therefrom, one or more inlet- 5 passages, j, being formed near the inner closed end of the supply-passage 1', through the Wall of the distribution-valveh, and communicating with an annular space, 7c, formed byacircumferential recess in the interior surface of the tubular piston rod 0, surrounding the chamber (Z in conjunction with the circumferential surface of the distribution-valve h.

Z Z are iiiletpassagesleading to the chamber (7, through the wall of the latter from the outside of the tubular piston-rod c and communieating with each other by open grooves Z, formed in the outer surface of the tubular piston rod 0.

m is an inlet and outlet passage located on the ont'sideof the tubular piston-rod beyond the inlet passages Z", and extending through the wall of the tubular piston rod 0 and through the inner end of the chamber it, with which it communicates behind the distribution-valve h,- and n are exhaust-passages extending from the interior of the tube orsleeve 1/ through the wall of and surrounding the latter and longitudinally through a portion of the piston I) and wall of the tubular pistoir rod 0 to the space (surrounding the extension piston-rod c.

In the circumferentialsurface of the reduced outer end of the distribution-valve It, where it enters the tube or sleeve 9, are formed channels or passagesf, which in certain positions of the distribution-valve h, ashercinafter more particularly explained, establish communication from thcannularspaee occurring between the inner end of the tube or sleeve l and the said shoulder of the dist-rilmtion-valve h to the exhaust-passages n.

To the end of the extension pistonrod 11', external to its guide or outer end of the tubular casing a, is fixed a stock or holder, 1/, for receiving and holding the ehippingtool h, (or other appliance, as the case may be.) The chipping end of this chisel h is splayed off to one side only and formed centrally for some distance backward from its edge with a slot, i, the inner end of which is V-shapcd andin clined upward toward the beveled side of the tool, by which device the material operated upon is more easily disintegrated than by the ordinary chisel.

Steam or other motive fluid is admitted to the machine through a flexible hose or other pipe attached to the nozzlco, which opens directly into the cylinder a at the inner end of its larger diameter, the flow of steam being regulated, according to the quantity required, by any suitable description of stop or regulating valve.

lhe handle .9, for holding the machine to its work, is attached. to the closed end or head of the cylinder (1,, and the entire apparatus mounted on wheels t:, the axlcpof which has its hearings in a boss or enlargement, q, or other suitable provision therefor on the circumfcrence of the cylinder a.

In operation,the parts being in the position seen in Fig. 1, the operator locates the machine, by means of its wheels I.: and handle 8, into the desired position for the wot-ligand the motive fluid, being admitted through the nozzle 0, enters the cylinder (1 on the inner side of the piston b, as indicated by the arrows, and circulating around the tubular pistonrod 0 passes through the inlet-passages! and around the annular space 1.: into and through the inlet-passages j and central sup ply-passage, i, of the distrilmtion-valve IL, through the tube or sleeve 1 to the outer side of the piston I), which, with the tubular piston rod c, is thereby forced toward the inner open end of the cylinder a, and carrying with them the extension piston-rod c and stock or holder ,causcs the ehippingchiscl h to strike upon the material to be dislodged. Meanwhile the ontlet-passage m,on reaching the e.\'- haust-passage nf",through the wall of the small portion of the cylinder It (corresponding with the diameter of the tubular piston-rod c) and the inlet-passages t l tflentcring the same part of the cylinder u, and being thereby closed to the ingress ofsteam, the steam which was behind and held the distribution valve 1/ in its out-ward position is exhausted through the passages in and lt",a.nd allows the distributionvalve It to be forced toward the inner end of the chamber (I, so as to close the inlet-pas sages Z t tfland thereby prevent the subsequent entrance of live steam to the central supplypassage, if.

To prevent theaccidental outward stroke of the distribution-valve h in the chamber d during the return-stroke of the piston I), a slight back or inward pressure'is imparted to the valve h by small inlet-passages m, which are located at or near to the inner side of the pisston b, and open from the outside of and through the wall of the tubular piston-rod 0 into the chamber d, between the shoulder of the valve h and the inner end of the tube or sleeve 5 Simultancously,by the inward movement of the distribution-valve it, its outer rcduced end portion uncovers the exhaust-passages it, through which, and through the OX- haust-passage n in the casing e, the steam from the outer side of the piston 7) is exhaust ed into the atmosphere, and the steam contained in the annular space on the inner side of the piston b presses upon the annular surface of the latter,and thereby forces the piston b, with the tubular piston-rod 0, toward the outer closed end of the cylinder a, or so as to withdraw the chisel h from the material until the inlet-passage m rises just above the upper end of the said small portion of the cylinder a, when the steam from the space on the inner side of the piston b enters the passage m and chamber (1, and forces the distributionyalve outward to its original position, or with the shoulder of its reduced end bearing against the inner end of the tube or sleeve g, thereby again opening communication between the inlct-passages 7;, and Z for admitting the steam or air to the outer side of the piston b and between the passages tandl, admitting steam behind thedistribution-valve h, for supporting the latter in the outward position while the piston 11 is performing its return-stroke. During the outward movement ofthe distrilmtion-valve It, as described and.

indicated by the central arrow in Fig. 2, the steam or air occupying the space between the lnncr end of the tube or sleeve 9 and the shou1- der of the distribution-valve h, after the small inlet-passages 00 have been closed by the valve it, passes off through the channels or depres- 810118 f into the exhaustpassages a, and thereby prevents the cushioning or impediment to the free outward movement of the distribution-valve h.

By the use of the extended piston rod a, guided by the outer end of the tubular casing a, greater steadiness and precision, combined with less friction and increased sensitiveness of action, are imparted to the piston 11 and its appendages, and owing to the length of bear- 1ng the blow of the chisel 70 against the material does not jar the mechanism to the same extent as when using a hammer on the end of the tubular piston-rod c, as described in my said application. Again,by mounting the machine on wheels it can be directed and held in position with greater ease and steadiness than if held by the hands.

I claim Ihe combination of acylinder, a, a piston, I), fitting therein, a tubular pistonrod, 0, formed on or secured to said piston and provided with separate inlet and exhaustpassages Z and n, respectively, a distribution-valve, h, fitting within a chamber or cavity, (1, in said pistonrod and having a central supply-passage, i, extending from its open end to lateral ports j, and annular passage It, adjacent to the inner end of the chamber d, the portsj and passages 1370 being so arranged as to communicate alternately with the said inlet and exhaust passages Zn, inlet-passages Z in the tubular piston-rod c, communicating with that portion of the chamber d beneath the distribution-valve h,and communicating by connecting-passages Z with the inlet-passages Z, a combined inlet and exhaust passage, m, in the piston-rod 0, leading to and from the chamber d, behind the distributionvalve h, inlet passages 00 in the piston-rod c, communicating with the chamber 11 above the upper shoulder of the distribution-valve h when. in its extreme inner position, and relief passages 1, formed in the periphery of the tube or sleeve 9, the whole operating to positively hold and reverse the distribution-- valve h at the proper times, and so govern the supply and exhaust of motive fluid to and from the piston b and distribution-valve h, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature,in presence of two witnesses, this 11th day of April, 1888.

GUSTAV A. EARTH.

Witnesses:

S. L. SCIIRADER, PAUL BAKEWELL.

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