US3928828A - Crosspoint elements and electromagnetic coordinate selection devices utilizing the same - Google Patents

Crosspoint elements and electromagnetic coordinate selection devices utilizing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928828A
US3928828A US549193A US54919375A US3928828A US 3928828 A US3928828 A US 3928828A US 549193 A US549193 A US 549193A US 54919375 A US54919375 A US 54919375A US 3928828 A US3928828 A US 3928828A
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United States
Prior art keywords
column
row
reed
winding
crosspoint
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Expired - Lifetime
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US549193A
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English (en)
Inventor
Katsuhiro Kato
Hideo Suzuki
Norio Yano
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NTT Inc
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Assigned to NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPORATION reassignment NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE CORPORATION CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 07/12/1985 Assignors: NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PUBLIC CORPORATION
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/28—Relays having both armature and contacts within a sealed casing outside which the operating coil is located, e.g. contact carried by a magnetic leaf spring or reed
    • H01H51/287—Details of the shape of the contact springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H67/00—Electrically-operated selector switches
    • H01H67/22—Switches without multi-position wipers
    • H01H67/30—Co-ordinate-type selector switches with field of co-ordinate coil acting directly upon magnetic leaf spring or reed-type contact member

Definitions

  • the crosspoint element comprises a reed switch comprising a pair of reed pieces having cooperating contacts and an exciting winding for operating the contacts.
  • Each reed piece comprises a core conductor of a first magnetic material and a sheath made of a second magnetic metal having different coercive force from that of the first magnetic metal.
  • the crosspoint elements permit a large permissible variation in the peak value of the magnetomotive force required for holding the reed piece at a definite state of mangetization.
  • the crosspoint element is especially suitable to use as a selection element of an electromagnetic coordinate selection device.
  • This invention relates to novel crosspoint elements and an electromagnetic coordinate selection device utilizing such elements.
  • crosspoint elements are located at respective crosspoints between signal conductors arranged in the direction of rows and columns in the form of a matrix and the signal conductors are selected by rendering ON and OFF these crosspoint elements.
  • the crosspoint element utilized in the electromagnetic coordinate selection device of the type referred to above comprises a so-called magnetic reed switch provided with an exciting coil.
  • a conventional self-hold type reed switch comprises two reed pieces of semipermanent magnetic metal which are sealed in a glass envelope in which is sealed inert gas with their confronting ends spaced apart a short distance to act as contact.
  • a row winding and a column winding having a turn ratio of 1:] are wound about the envelope of the reed switch, thereby completing a crosspoint element.
  • FIG. 1 shows the magnetization characteristics of the reed piece for explaining the operation of a prior art crosspoint element, which show the relationships be tween the magnetomotive force U produced by passing current through the windings of the crosspoint element and the magnetic flux D across the opposing ends of the reed pieces that comprise contacts, and between the magnetomotive forces created by positive and negative current pulses impressed across the windings and time.
  • the magnetomotive force created by consecutively passing a negative release current pulse and a positive operating current pulse through the row winding and the column winding of a crosspoint element constructed as above described in such a manner that the magnetomotive forces created by both windings add each other has a negative peak value U, and a positive peak value U Due to the magnetomotive force created by both windings the magnetization of the reed pieces varies along a path a b c d e forapathfb c d e f,andthe contacts of the reed switch are closed and maintained in the closed state by the magnetic attractive force due to the residual magnetic flux at point f.
  • the magnetomotive force created by consecutively passing a negative release current and a positive operating current pulse through only one row winding or column winding has a negative peak value U, and a positive peak value U Peak values U, and U' have values of about one half of said peak values U, and U respectively so that the magnetization of the reed pieces will vary along a path f b a d aor a path a h a d a, thus reducing the residual magnetic flux to substantially zero.
  • the contacts of the reed switch are opened by the resilient restoring force of the reed pieces. In this manner, a signal conductor is selected by the ON and OFF operations of the contacts.
  • the absolute value of the peak value U, of the magnetomotive force may be a value that can assure a residual magnetic flux less than a maximum allowable flux 1 a for opening the contacts but as can be noted from FIG. 1 the amount of allowable variation in the peak value of the magnetomotive force caused by the application of the release current pulse across the winding is small. Consequently, it is necessary to use a source voltage, winding resistance and a wiring resistance, each having a small variation for an electromagnetic coordinate selection device of the magnetically self-holding type which utilizes such crosspoint elements, whereby limits are imposed upon the design and manufacture of the source and the electromagnetic coordinate selection device.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved electromagnetic coordinate selection device of simple construction but can provide an accurate selection irrespective of a certain variation in the source voltage and the resistance of the winding.
  • the crosspoint element comprises a reed switch including a pair of reed pieces having cooperating contacts and sealed in a glass envelope and a row winding and a column winding surrounding the glass envelope for operating the contacts.
  • Each reed piece comprises a core conductor made of a first semipermanent magnetic metal and a sheath surrounding the core conductor and made of a second semipermanent magnetic metal having different coercive force from that of the first magnetic metal.
  • a crosspoint element comprising a reed switch including a glass envelope, a pair of reed pieces having cooperating contacts and sealed to the glass envelope, a row and column windings surrounding the glass envelope, the row and column windings being respectively divided into a plurality of sections which are interleaved each other along the axis of the envelope.
  • an electromagnetic coordinate selection device of the type comprising a plurality of row signal conductors and a plurality of column signal conductors which are arranged in a matrix, and a plurality of reed switches respectively disposed at the crosspoints between the row and column signal conductors for interconnecting corresponding signal conductors, each switch comprising a pair of reed pieces having cooperating contacts, a row winding and a column winding which operate cumulatively for operating the contacts, characterized in that each reed piece comprises a core conductor of a first magnetic metal and a sheath surrounding the core conductor and made of a second magnetic metal, and that the first and second magnetic metals have different coercive force.
  • the column winding is divided into two sections for each row which are wound in common for the reed switches in respective rows, and the column winding is also divided into two sections for each column which are wound in common for the reed switches in respective columns, the two sections of the row and column windings being interleaved each other.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph useful to explain the operation of a prior art crosspoint element
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views to show different steps of manufacturing a reed piece to be employed in the novel crosspoint element of this invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the reed piece shown in FIG. 2B taken along a line 33;
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of one embodiment of the crosspoint element embodying the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows magnetic characteristics of a reed piece for explaining the operation of the crosspoint element embodying the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows one example of the connection diagram of an electromagnetic coordinate selection device utilizing the novel crosspoint elements of this invention
  • FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a modified crosspoint element of this invention.
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are connection diagrams of the windings of two types of electromagnetic coordinate selection devices utilizing the crosspoint elements shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B and 3 there are shown a reed piece to be used in the crosspoint element of this invention and steps of manufacturing the reed piece.
  • a reed piece utilized in this invention as shown in FIG. 2A, about a core conductor 1 having a definite coercive force and made of semipermanent magnetic metal for example, is formed a sheath 2 having substantially the same saturation flux as said magnetic metal, for example semipermanent magnetic material.
  • the magnetic metal comprising the conductor 1 may be an alloy consisting of 48% of iron, 49% of cobalt, and 3% of vanadium or a magnetic alloy consisting of 81.7% of iron, 14.5% of nickel, 2.4% of aluminum, 1.0% of titamium and 0.4% of manganese.
  • the magnetic metal comprising the outer sheath 2 may be a magnetic alloy consisting of 42% of iron, 49% of cobalt, and 9% of vanadium or a magnetic alloy consisting of 74.8% of iron, of nickel, 3.8% of aluminum, 1.0% of titanium and 0.4% of manganese.
  • the magnetic metal for the core conductor 1 has a coercive force of about oersted whereas the magnetic metal for the outer sheath 2 has a coercive force of higher than 100 oersted. Furthermore, for the purpose of substantially equalizing the saturation fluxes of these two types of magnetic metals, the cross-sectional areas of the conductor 1 and of the outer sheath 2 are made to be substantially equal.
  • the composite magnetic material shown in FIG. 2A is then flattened as shown in FIG. 2B to form a reed piece 10 to be utilized in this invention.
  • Two reed pieces 10 and 10' prepared in this manner are sealed in a glass envelope 4 containing inert gas and the flattened ends of the reed pieces are disposed to oppose with each other with a definite gap therebetween thus forming contacts.
  • the contacts are plated with a suitable contact metal.
  • the portions of the reed pieces 10 and 4 10' that extend through the glass envelope are not flattened for the purpose of improving the air tight seal between them.
  • cumulative windings consisting of a row winding 5 and a column winding 6 are wound about the glass envelope, said windings having a turn ratio of 121.
  • FIG. 5 shows the magnitization characteristics of a crosspoint element utilizing reed pieces comprising coaxial and integrated semipermanent magnetic metals having different coercive forces.
  • the curves shown in FIG. 5 show the relationship between the magnetomotive force U created by passing current through the windings and the flux 1 across the gap or contacts between reed pieces 10 and 10 and the relationship between the magnetomotive forces created by passing positive and negative current pulses through the windings and the time.
  • the operation of the crosspoint element shown in FIG. 4 will now be described with reference to FIG. 5. It should be understood that FIG. 5 shows the magnetization characteristics where the magnetic metal comprising the core conductor 1 has lower coercive force than the magnetic metal comprising the outer sheath 2.
  • the state of magnetization moves along a path m -v n 0 p q r s.
  • the state of magnetization will move to point t at which the residual flux is substantially zero.
  • the state of magnetization moves along a path t- 0- p q r s. If positive current is applied at pont t, the magnetization will move along a path I u v 1 k.
  • the magnetomotive force created by consecutively passing a negative release current More particularly, the magnetomotive force created by consecutively passing a negative release current.
  • the magnetic metals comprising the core conductor l and the outer sheath 2 respectively have substantially the same saturation fluxes
  • any magnetic metals could be used provided that the difference of the saturation fluxes is less than the permissible maximum flux for opening the contacts.
  • the negative peak value U of the magnetomotive force produced by consecutively passing the negative release current pulse and the positive operating current pulse such that the magnetomotive forces produced by the row and column windings will be cumulative should be smaller than the coercive force at point r.
  • the permissible variation in the negative peak value produced by the negative release current pulse applied to one winding lies between points 0 and q having a value approximately one half of the coercive force at point r.
  • FIG. 5 it is possible to make large the permissible variation of the magnetomotive force produced by applying the release current pulse upon the winding as the difference in the coercive forces of the two magnetic metals is increased.
  • FIG. 6 shows the connection diagram of one example of a novel electromagnetic coordination selection device utilizing the crosspoint elements shown in FIG. 4.
  • the selection device comprises a plurality of crosspoint elements each disposed at one of the crosspoints between a plurality of row conductors x x and a plurality of column conductors y y y,, and comprises a row winding 5 and column winding 6 which are wound about a glass envelope as shown in FIG. 3, and contacts 13 connected between a row signal conductor 14 and a column signal conductor 14 respectively.
  • the selection device comprises a plurality of crosspoint elements each disposed at one of the crosspoints between a plurality of row conductors x x and a plurality of column conductors y y y,, and comprises a row winding 5 and column winding 6 which are wound about a glass envelope as shown in FIG. 3, and contacts 13 connected between a row signal conductor 14 and a column signal conductor 14 respectively.
  • FIG. 7 shows a longitudinal section of a modified crosspoint element of this invention which is similar to that shown in FIG. 4 except the construction of exciting windings.
  • windings l5 and 15' are wound in common about all crosspoint elements in the direction of rows thus constituting row windings
  • windings l6 and 16' are wound in common about all crosspoint elements in the direction of columns thus constituting column windings.
  • Coils l5, l5 and 16 and 16 are interleaved along the longitudinal direction of the crosspoint elements and are disposed symmetrically. with respect to the axes of the crosspoint elements.
  • the crosspoint elements shown in FIG. 7 operate in the same manner that shown in FIG. 4 they make easier the fabrication of the electromagnetic coordinate selection device and improve the space factor thereof.
  • FIGS. 8A and 88 shown connection diagrams of the row windings and the column windings, respectively of a novel electromagnetic coordinate selection device utilizing a plurality of crosspoint elements shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8A the row windings 15 and 15 and the column windings of the crosspoint elementsare connected in series respectively, whereas in FIG. 8B, these windings are connected in parallel respectively.
  • each one of said reed pieces comprises a core conductor of a first magnetic metal and a sheath made of a second magnetic metal and coaxially surrounding said core conductor, said first and second magnetic metals having different coercive force.
  • said exciting winding comprises a row winding and a column winding which are adapted to be connected in row and column conductors, respectively, of a matrix circuit.
  • each of said row and column windings are divided into two sections, and the sections of the row and column windings are interleaved each other along the axis of said glass envelope.
  • An electromagnetic coordinate selection device comprising a plurality of row signal conductors and a plurality of column signal conductors which are arranged in a matrix, and a plurality of reed switches respectively disposed at the crosspoints between said row and column signal conductors for interconnecting corresponding signal conductors, each reed switch comprising a pair of reed pieces having cooperating contacts, a row winding and a column winding which operate cumulatively for operating said contacts, each in common for the reed switches in respective rows, and wherein said column winding is divided into two sections for each column which are wound in common for the reed switches in respective columns, the two sections of said row and column windings being interleaved each other.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Structure Of Telephone Exchanges (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
US549193A 1974-04-30 1975-02-12 Crosspoint elements and electromagnetic coordinate selection devices utilizing the same Expired - Lifetime US3928828A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP49048555A JPS50141211A (de) 1974-04-30 1974-04-30

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US3928828A true US3928828A (en) 1975-12-23

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US (1) US3928828A (de)
JP (1) JPS50141211A (de)
CA (1) CA1011006A (de)
DE (1) DE2513235C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1489307A (de)
NL (1) NL167270C (de)
SE (1) SE406388B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182999A (en) * 1978-05-11 1980-01-08 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Reed spring relay construction
US6262647B1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2001-07-17 William P. Rogers Magnetic reed switching array
US20120235774A1 (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Reed switch
US20170194119A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2017-07-06 Deqiang Jing Magnetic reed switch

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3377576A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-04-09 Metcom Inc Gallium-wetted movable electrode switch
US3431519A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-03-04 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Electromagnet switching device in coordinate arrays

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3377576A (en) * 1965-05-03 1968-04-09 Metcom Inc Gallium-wetted movable electrode switch
US3431519A (en) * 1966-09-29 1969-03-04 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Electromagnet switching device in coordinate arrays

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4182999A (en) * 1978-05-11 1980-01-08 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Reed spring relay construction
US6262647B1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2001-07-17 William P. Rogers Magnetic reed switching array
US20120235774A1 (en) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Reed switch
US20140049346A1 (en) * 2011-03-16 2014-02-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Reed switch
US8659375B2 (en) * 2011-03-16 2014-02-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Reed switch
US8760246B2 (en) * 2011-03-16 2014-06-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Yaskawa Denki Reed switch
US20170194119A1 (en) * 2014-09-26 2017-07-06 Deqiang Jing Magnetic reed switch
US10217584B2 (en) * 2014-09-26 2019-02-26 Deqiang Jing Magnetic reed switch

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE7502094L (sv) 1975-10-31
SE406388B (sv) 1979-02-05
CA1011006A (en) 1977-05-24
GB1489307A (en) 1977-10-19
NL167270B (nl) 1981-06-16
JPS50141211A (de) 1975-11-13
DE2513235C3 (de) 1978-03-09
NL7502089A (nl) 1975-11-03
DE2513235B2 (de) 1977-07-14
NL167270C (nl) 1981-11-16
DE2513235A1 (de) 1975-11-06

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Effective date: 19850718