US3928696A - Stitched webs of fleeces of synthetic fibers and method of making same - Google Patents

Stitched webs of fleeces of synthetic fibers and method of making same Download PDF

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US3928696A
US3928696A US286913A US28691372A US3928696A US 3928696 A US3928696 A US 3928696A US 286913 A US286913 A US 286913A US 28691372 A US28691372 A US 28691372A US 3928696 A US3928696 A US 3928696A
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fleece
web
per
weight
erosion preventing
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Martin Wandel
Manfred Salamon
Gotz Gotmar Dornheim
Bernard Kuhlmann
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/593—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives to layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/645—Impregnation followed by a solidification process
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/126—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of bituminous material or synthetic resins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24033—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including stitching and discrete fastener[s], coating or bond
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
    • Y10T442/159—Including a nonwoven fabric which is not a scrim

Definitions

  • This invention relates to erosion preventing structural elements which consist of stitched webs of fleeces made of coarse, crimped polyamide fibres.
  • fleeces are resistant to rotting and decay.
  • Fleece binders are applied to fix the points of intersection and contact between the fibres and the fleeces may also be bonded by means of thermoplastic adhesive fibres.
  • These bulky fleece webs are laid down wherever it is required to prevent erosion by water and/or wind. They are fixed in position e.g. by weighing them down with stones or covering them with sand, gravel or asphalt, concrete and/or soil or by nailing them down with stakes, etc.. These webs of fleece may also be used for fixing turf and for arresting the movement of dunes and for reinforcing dams or dykes.
  • an erosion preventing structural element in the form of a stitched web of fleece made of coarse synthetic fibres, which comprises a. crimped polyamide fibres with dtex to 250, preferably dtex 30 to 140, and staple lengths 20 to 150 mm, preferably 50 to 100 mm, stitched with 60 to 180 stitches per cm, preferably 80-120 stitches per cm,
  • a mesh fabric of synthetic yarns or tapes comprising at least two warp yarns and two weft yarns per cm stitched into the web in the lower third thereof and c. at least by weight and preferably to 45% by weight based on the weight of the fleeceof a waterproof binder based on polyacrylic acid esters, this web of fleece having a thickness of 4 to 10 mm and a weight per square metre of between 500 and 2000 g, preferably between 500 and 1700 g.
  • the erosion preventing structural element according to the invention is produced by a process which comprises laying crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 to form a fleece, the formed fleece and a mesh being stitched together, the stitched fleece being impregnated with a waterproof binder based on polyacrylate and subjecting the impregnated fleece to a heat treatment at temperatures of between 100 and 150C.
  • the waterproof binders based on polyacrylates are, for example, binders produced from self cross-linking acrylic acid esters, preferably butyl acrylate. They are preferably applied in the form of aqueous dispersions. Fillers such as barium sulphate, kaolin or chalk may be added to the aqueous dispersions to increase the weight of the element so that the web will sink more quickly when laid under water. Sinking of the web may also advantageously be speeded up by the addition of wetting agents (tensides) in quantities of 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 4 to 10% by weight, based on the finished web of fleece.
  • the wetting agents used may be alkyl-(aryl) sulphonic acids or sulphonates or also nonionogenic compounds.
  • the mesh fabric is advantageously produced from multifilamentary polyester yarns of dtex 900 to 1200 woven to produce a fabric having 4 warp yarns and 4 weft yarns per cm the weight per square metre of the mesh fabric should be between 80 and 160 g.
  • the fabric is arranged in the lower third of the web of fleece so that loops of fibres projecting from the undersurface of the fleece will provide a firm hold on the ground which is to be protected.
  • the layers of fleece on both sides of the mesh fabric are protected against mechanical damage, for example from gravel or broken stone.
  • the webs of fleece may be produced by known methods in any fleece forming installations, preferably by the aerodynamic principle.
  • the binder is introduced into the web of stitched fleece in the form of an aqueous dispersion, for example by slop padding or spraying, and is then condensed, usually at elevated temperatures.
  • the web of fleece may be drawn through a pair of heated rollers (Calender rollers).
  • the process for producing erosion preventing structural elements in the form of webs and stitched fleeces is characterised in that crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 are laid to form a fleece by an aerodynamic process and/or using a carding machine, and the fleece is then stitched to a mesh fabric and the stitched fleece is impregnated with a waterproof polyacrylate binder and the impregnated fleece is subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures of between l00 to 150C.
  • the mats produced by the process indicated above are treated with a wetting agent (tenside), preferably 2 to 20% by weight.
  • sinking may be facilitated by applying a filler of high specific gravity (e.g. barium sulphate, kaolin or chalk) together with a binder.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Polyamide-6 staple fibres (130 dtex, staple length 60 mm) are worked up in an aerodynamic fleece laying apparatus to form a web of fleece weighing 1000 g per m The fleece is then treated as described in Example 1 and after condensation of the polybutyl acrylate it is impregnated with a 70% by weight aqueous solution of a wetting agent mixture consisting of 70% by weight of alkyl (C to C sulphonate and 30% by weight of nonylphenolpolyglycol ether (7 mols of ethylene oxide), 120 g of this solution being introduced per m of fleece web.
  • a wetting agent mixture consisting of 70% by weight of alkyl (C to C sulphonate and 30% by weight of nonylphenolpolyglycol ether (7 mols of ethylene oxide), 120 g of this solution being introduced per m of fleece web.
  • the finished web of fleece contains 6% by weight of wetting agent and has a final weight of about 1500 g/m and a thickness of 9
  • the figure illustrates an example of an erosion preventing structural element according to the invention in the form of a web of fleece (in cross-section) of polyamide-6 fibres.
  • Fleece 1 is composed of polyamide-6 fibers 2 (diameter 0.10 mm, staple length 60 mm), some of the loops of fibers being stitched through the mesh fabric consisting of warp yarns 3 and weft yarns 4 mechanical strengthening of the web was carried out in a stitching apparatus by applying 90 stitches per cm with 28 gauge needles.
  • the polyacrylate binder content is 30% by weight.
  • the mesh fabric has 4 warp threads and 4 weft threads of multifilament polyester fibres of 1100 dtex and has a weight per m of 110 g.
  • the finished web of fleece has a thickness of 8 mm and a weight per m of 1600 g.
  • An erosion preventing structural element in the form of a stitched web of fleece of coarse, crimped fibres consisting of a web of fleece produced from a. crimped polyamide fibres of dtex 5 to 250 and staple length 20 to 150 mm stitched with 60 to 180 stitches per cm b. a mesh fabric of synthetic endless yarns stitched into the fleece, the fabric having at least 2 warp yarns and 2 weft yarns per cm and being arranged in the lower third of the web of fleece, and
  • a waterproof binder based on polyacrylic acid ester of at least 15% by weight this web of fleece having a thickness of 4 to 10 mm and a weight per m of between 500 and 2000 g.
  • a process for the production of erosion preventing structural elements in the form of webs of stitched fleeces of synthetic fibres which comprises laying crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 to form a fleece, stitching together the formed fleece and a mesh fabric, impregnating the resultant combination with a waterproof binder based on polyacrylate and subjecting the impregnated fleece to a heat treatment at temperatures of between 100 and C.
  • aqueous dispersion of binder contains a filler having a high specific gravity.
  • the erosion preventing structural element according to claim 1 which contains 2 to 20% by weight of a wetting agent.
  • said mesh fabric consists of 4 warp yarns and 4 weft yarns of dtex 900 to 1200 per cm and has a weight per m between 100 and 150 g.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Erosion preventing structural elements in the form of stitched fleeces comprising a fleece from polyamide staple fibers of certain dtex and length, a mesh fabric of synthetic endless yarns and a waterproof binder.

Description

United States Patent Wandel et al.
[ Dec. 23, 1975 Assignee: Bayer Aktiengesellschaft,
Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany Filed: Sept. 7, 1972 Appl. No.: 286,913
Published under the Trial Voluntary Protest Program on January 28, 1975 as document no. B 286,913.
Foreign Application Priority Data Sept. 7, 1971 Germany 7133997.4
US. Cl. 428/102; 28/77; 61/38; 156/93; 428/152; 428/255 Int. C1. B3213 7/08; B32B 27/02; B32B 3/28; E02B 3/12 Field of Search 161/50, 89, 128; 28/77; 61/38; 428/102, 255, 152; 156/93 [5 6] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,742,775 1/1930 2,433,270 12/1947 2,719,803 10/1955 3,035,329 5/1962 3,047,444 7/1962 3,177,275 4/1965 7 3,576,701 4/1971 Salamon et al. 161/50 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,137,864 12/1968 United Kingdom 61/38 Primary ExaminerPhilip Dier Attorney, Agent, or FirmPlumley & Tyner ABSTRACT Erosion preventing structural elements in the form of stitched fleeces comprising a fleece from polyamide staple fibers of certain dtex and length, a mesh fabric of synthetic endless yarns and a waterproof binder.
10 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure U.S. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 3,928,696
STITCHED WEBS OF FLEECES OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME This invention relates to erosion preventing structural elements which consist of stitched webs of fleeces made of coarse, crimped polyamide fibres.
It is known to use synthetic fibre fabrics for reinforcing dams and the walls of water reservoirs and containers. For larger objects, however, the use of textile fabrics as erosion preventing and reinforcing elements is out of the question because of economical or functional considerations.
The use of webs of non-woven fleeces of synthetic fibres as erosion preventing elements for reinforcing dykes, banks, strands, dams and embankments of river courses and canals is also known. The three dimensional form of such a web of fleece provides the desired filtering effect and in addition the elastic properties of the web enable it to fit closely to the ground on which it is laid, thereby preventing erosion and slipping of the ground.
These fleeces are resistant to rotting and decay. Fleece binders are applied to fix the points of intersection and contact between the fibres and the fleeces may also be bonded by means of thermoplastic adhesive fibres.
These bulky fleece webs are laid down wherever it is required to prevent erosion by water and/or wind. They are fixed in position e.g. by weighing them down with stones or covering them with sand, gravel or asphalt, concrete and/or soil or by nailing them down with stakes, etc.. These webs of fleece may also be used for fixing turf and for arresting the movement of dunes and for reinforcing dams or dykes.
It has been found, however, that normal fleece constructions do not always have sufficient strength and dimensional stability to perform their reinforcing function.
It is an object of this invention to provide structural elements that do not have these deficiencies. This object is accomplished by an erosion preventing structural element in the form of a stitched web of fleece made of coarse synthetic fibres, which comprises a. crimped polyamide fibres with dtex to 250, preferably dtex 30 to 140, and staple lengths 20 to 150 mm, preferably 50 to 100 mm, stitched with 60 to 180 stitches per cm, preferably 80-120 stitches per cm,
b. a mesh fabric of synthetic yarns or tapes comprising at least two warp yarns and two weft yarns per cm stitched into the web in the lower third thereof and c. at least by weight and preferably to 45% by weight based on the weight of the fleeceof a waterproof binder based on polyacrylic acid esters, this web of fleece having a thickness of 4 to 10 mm and a weight per square metre of between 500 and 2000 g, preferably between 500 and 1700 g.
The erosion preventing structural element according to the invention is produced by a process which comprises laying crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 to form a fleece, the formed fleece and a mesh being stitched together, the stitched fleece being impregnated with a waterproof binder based on polyacrylate and subjecting the impregnated fleece to a heat treatment at temperatures of between 100 and 150C.
The waterproof binders based on polyacrylates are, for example, binders produced from self cross-linking acrylic acid esters, preferably butyl acrylate. They are preferably applied in the form of aqueous dispersions. Fillers such as barium sulphate, kaolin or chalk may be added to the aqueous dispersions to increase the weight of the element so that the web will sink more quickly when laid under water. Sinking of the web may also advantageously be speeded up by the addition of wetting agents (tensides) in quantities of 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 4 to 10% by weight, based on the finished web of fleece. The wetting agents used may be alkyl-(aryl) sulphonic acids or sulphonates or also nonionogenic compounds.
The mesh fabric is advantageously produced from multifilamentary polyester yarns of dtex 900 to 1200 woven to produce a fabric having 4 warp yarns and 4 weft yarns per cm the weight per square metre of the mesh fabric should be between 80 and 160 g. The fabric is arranged in the lower third of the web of fleece so that loops of fibres projecting from the undersurface of the fleece will provide a firm hold on the ground which is to be protected. The layers of fleece on both sides of the mesh fabric are protected against mechanical damage, for example from gravel or broken stone.
It is only by observing the special conditions indicated above (titre of the fibres of the fleece, formation of the fleece, specified mesh fabric, density of stitching, binder content and other fillers, and thickness and weight per square metre of the web of fleece), which vary according to the conditions under which the fleece is to be used, for example the size of the particles of the ground which is to be protected, that optimum properties are obtained in these fleeces as regards their strength and functional suitability so that they satisfy all requirements for use in the construction of dykes and canals.
The webs of fleece may be produced by known methods in any fleece forming installations, preferably by the aerodynamic principle. The binder is introduced into the web of stitched fleece in the form of an aqueous dispersion, for example by slop padding or spraying, and is then condensed, usually at elevated temperatures. In this operation, the web of fleece may be drawn through a pair of heated rollers (Calender rollers). The process for producing erosion preventing structural elements in the form of webs and stitched fleeces is characterised in that crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 are laid to form a fleece by an aerodynamic process and/or using a carding machine, and the fleece is then stitched to a mesh fabric and the stitched fleece is impregnated with a waterproof polyacrylate binder and the impregnated fleece is subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures of between l00 to 150C. In order to produce self-sinking mats, the mats produced by the process indicated above are treated with a wetting agent (tenside), preferably 2 to 20% by weight. If desired, sinking may be facilitated by applying a filler of high specific gravity (e.g. barium sulphate, kaolin or chalk) together with a binder.
The following Examples illustrate more particularly the invention.
EXAMPLE I Polyamide-6 staple fibres by weight of fibres of dtex 70 and staple length mm and 30% by weight of a mixture of fibres of dtex 5 to 30) were mixed in a gether with 110 stitches per cm using a 28 gauge nee dle. A 20% by weight aqueous dispersion of polybutyl acrylate is applied by padding to the stitched fleece (passed over heated rollers and squeezed off) and dried at 120C and then condensed at temperatures of about 150C.
EXAMPLE 2 Polyamide-6 staple fibres (130 dtex, staple length 60 mm) are worked up in an aerodynamic fleece laying apparatus to form a web of fleece weighing 1000 g per m The fleece is then treated as described in Example 1 and after condensation of the polybutyl acrylate it is impregnated with a 70% by weight aqueous solution of a wetting agent mixture consisting of 70% by weight of alkyl (C to C sulphonate and 30% by weight of nonylphenolpolyglycol ether (7 mols of ethylene oxide), 120 g of this solution being introduced per m of fleece web. After drying at 100C, the finished web of fleece contains 6% by weight of wetting agent and has a final weight of about 1500 g/m and a thickness of 9 The figure illustrates an example of an erosion preventing structural element according to the invention in the form of a web of fleece (in cross-section) of polyamide-6 fibres.
Fleece 1 is composed of polyamide-6 fibers 2 (diameter 0.10 mm, staple length 60 mm), some of the loops of fibers being stitched through the mesh fabric consisting of warp yarns 3 and weft yarns 4 mechanical strengthening of the web was carried out in a stitching apparatus by applying 90 stitches per cm with 28 gauge needles. The polyacrylate binder content is 30% by weight.
The mesh fabric has 4 warp threads and 4 weft threads of multifilament polyester fibres of 1100 dtex and has a weight per m of 110 g. The finished web of fleece has a thickness of 8 mm and a weight per m of 1600 g.
What we claim is:
1. An erosion preventing structural element in the form of a stitched web of fleece of coarse, crimped fibres, consisting of a web of fleece produced from a. crimped polyamide fibres of dtex 5 to 250 and staple length 20 to 150 mm stitched with 60 to 180 stitches per cm b. a mesh fabric of synthetic endless yarns stitched into the fleece, the fabric having at least 2 warp yarns and 2 weft yarns per cm and being arranged in the lower third of the web of fleece, and
c. a waterproof binder based on polyacrylic acid ester of at least 15% by weight, this web of fleece having a thickness of 4 to 10 mm and a weight per m of between 500 and 2000 g.
2. The erosion preventing structural element of claim 1, said crimped polyamide fibres having to stitches per cm 3. A process for the production of erosion preventing structural elements in the form of webs of stitched fleeces of synthetic fibres, which comprises laying crimped polyamide staple fibres of dtex 5 to 250 to form a fleece, stitching together the formed fleece and a mesh fabric, impregnating the resultant combination with a waterproof binder based on polyacrylate and subjecting the impregnated fleece to a heat treatment at temperatures of between 100 and C.
4. The process according to claim 3, in which said binder is applied as an aqueous dispersion.
5. The process according to claim 4, in which aqueous dispersion of binder contains a filler having a high specific gravity.
6. The process according to claim 3, in which said laying is achieved by an aerodynamic process.
7. The process according to claim 3, in which said laying is achieved on a carding machine.
8. The erosion preventing structural element according to claim 1 which contains 2 to 20% by weight of a wetting agent.
9. The erosion preventing structural element according to claim 1, wherein said mesh fabric consists of 4 warp yarns and 4 weft yarns of dtex 900 to 1200 per cm and has a weight per m between 100 and 150 g.
10. The process according to claim 3, wherein said stitched fleece and mesh fabric combination is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a wetting agent.

Claims (10)

1. AN EROSION PREVENTING STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN THE FORM OF A STICHED WEB OF FLEECE OF COARSE, CRIMPED FIBERS, CONSISTING OF A WEB OF FLEECE PRODUCED FROM A. CRIMPED POLYAMIDE FIBERS OF DTEX 5 TO 250 AND STAPLE LENGTH 20 TO 150 MM STICHED WITH 60 T 180 STICHES PER CM2, B. A MESH FABRIC OF SYNTHETIC ENDLESS YARNS STICHED INTO THE FLEECE, THE FABRIC HAVING AT LEAST 2 WARP YARNS AND 2 WEFT YARNS PER CM2 AND BEING ARRANGED IN THE LOWER THIRD OF TH WEB O FLEECE, AND C. A WATERPROOF BINDER BASED ON POLYACRYLIC ACID ESTER OF AT LEAST 15% BY WEIGHT, THIS WEB OF FLEECE HAVING A THICKNESS OF 4 TO 10 MM AND A WEIGHT PER M2 OF BETWEEN 500 AND 200 G.
2. The erosion preventing structural element of claim 1, said crimped polyamide fibres having 80 to 110 stitches per cm2.
3. A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EROSION PREVENTING STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF WEBS OF STICHED FLEECE OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS, WHICH COMPRISES LAYING CRIMPED POLYAMIDE STAPLE FIRBRES DTEX 5 TO 250 TO FORM A FLEECE, STICHING TOGETHER THE FORMED FLEECE AND A MESH FABRIC, IMPREGNATING THE RESULTANT COMBINATION WITH A WATERPROOF BINDER BASED ON POLYACRYLATE AND SUBJECTING THE IMPREGNATED FLEECE TO A HEAT TREATMENT AT TEMPERATURES OF BETWEEN 100* AND 150*C.
4. The process according to claim 3, in which said binder is applied as an aqueous dispersion.
5. The process according to claim 4, in which aqueous dispersion of binder contains a filler having a high specific gravity.
6. The process according to claim 3, In which said laying is achieved by an aerodynamic process.
7. The process according to claim 3, in which said laying is achieved on a carding machine.
8. The erosion preventing structural element according to claim 1 which contains 2 to 20% by weight of a wetting agent.
9. The erosion preventing structural element according to claim 1, wherein said mesh fabric consists of 4 warp yarns and 4 weft yarns of dtex 900 to 1200 per cm2 and has a weight per m2 between 100 and 150 g.
10. The process according to claim 3, wherein said stitched fleece and mesh fabric combination is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a wetting agent.
US286913A 1971-09-07 1972-09-07 Stitched webs of fleeces of synthetic fibers and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US3928696A (en)

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DE19717133997U DE7133997U (en) 1971-09-07 1971-09-07 EROSION-PREVENTING COMPONENT IN THE FORM OF A NEEDLED FLEECE WEB

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FR (1) FR2152740B1 (en)
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US4181450A (en) * 1976-04-02 1980-01-01 Akzona Incorporated Erosion control matting
US4239795A (en) * 1974-07-17 1980-12-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Protective layer for surface seals in building construction, underground construction, and civil engineering construction
US4252590A (en) * 1975-07-09 1981-02-24 Akzona Incorporated Low density matting and process
US4329392A (en) * 1979-06-18 1982-05-11 Akzona Incorporated Matting for hydraulic engineering end-uses
US4353946A (en) * 1981-03-13 1982-10-12 Seasonmakers Pty. (Australia) Lts Erosion control means
US4472086A (en) * 1981-02-26 1984-09-18 Burlington Industries Inc. Geotextile fabric construction
US4540311A (en) * 1981-02-26 1985-09-10 Burlington Industries, Inc. Geotextile fabric construction
US4623281A (en) * 1983-08-02 1986-11-18 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Open-mesh fabric
US4635576A (en) * 1984-08-02 1987-01-13 Seasonmakers (Australia) Pty. Limited Stitched woodwool mat
US5249893A (en) * 1989-04-13 1993-10-05 Phillips Petroleum Company Erosion control mat
US5651641A (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-07-29 Nicolon Corporation Geosynthetics
US5795835A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-08-18 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite knitted structural textiles
US5965467A (en) * 1995-05-12 1999-10-12 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles
US6223398B1 (en) * 1998-03-26 2001-05-01 Trutzschler Gmbh & Co., Kg Web heating device for a fiber processing machine
US20040202851A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Goodrum Richard A. Turf reinforcement mat composite including support mat core and attached fiber matrix
US8979428B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2015-03-17 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Lightweight protection element and filter of the mattress type
WO2017115135A1 (en) 2015-12-28 2017-07-06 Adama Makhteshim Ltd. Controlled release agrochemical delivery units, their manufacture and use
WO2019002941A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-03 Adama Makhteshim Ltd. Controlled release agrochemical delivery units, their manufacture and use
US11208738B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2021-12-28 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres

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JPS52149512U (en) * 1976-05-10 1977-11-12
IL66103A0 (en) * 1981-07-27 1982-09-30 Tesch G H Mat shaped composite body and its preparation
JPS59115060U (en) * 1983-01-25 1984-08-03 日本ビソ−株式会社 Hanging rope abnormality detection device
NZ209914A (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-07-11 Seasonmakers Australia Pty Ltd Soil erosion control blanket:stitched mat of woodwool
CN113279099B (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-08-09 厦门安踏体育用品有限公司 Quick-drying cotton yarn and preparation method thereof, and quick-drying fabric and preparation method thereof

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US1742775A (en) * 1926-08-11 1930-01-07 Johns Manville Pipe covering
US2433270A (en) * 1944-04-06 1947-12-23 Ida Y Goldman Method of coating stitched fabric
US2719803A (en) * 1948-10-01 1955-10-04 Pellon Corp Stiffened washable garments and garment parts
US3047444A (en) * 1955-07-15 1962-07-31 Kimberly Clark Co Non-woven fabric and method of making the same
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239795A (en) * 1974-07-17 1980-12-16 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Protective layer for surface seals in building construction, underground construction, and civil engineering construction
US4295911A (en) * 1974-07-17 1981-10-20 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Protective layer for surface seals in building construction, underground construction, and civil engineering construction
US4252590A (en) * 1975-07-09 1981-02-24 Akzona Incorporated Low density matting and process
US4342807A (en) * 1975-07-09 1982-08-03 Akzona Incorporated Low density matting and process
USRE31599E (en) * 1975-07-09 1984-06-12 Akzona Incorporated Low density matting and process
US4181450A (en) * 1976-04-02 1980-01-01 Akzona Incorporated Erosion control matting
US4329392A (en) * 1979-06-18 1982-05-11 Akzona Incorporated Matting for hydraulic engineering end-uses
US4472086A (en) * 1981-02-26 1984-09-18 Burlington Industries Inc. Geotextile fabric construction
US4540311A (en) * 1981-02-26 1985-09-10 Burlington Industries, Inc. Geotextile fabric construction
US4353946A (en) * 1981-03-13 1982-10-12 Seasonmakers Pty. (Australia) Lts Erosion control means
US4623281A (en) * 1983-08-02 1986-11-18 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Open-mesh fabric
US4635576A (en) * 1984-08-02 1987-01-13 Seasonmakers (Australia) Pty. Limited Stitched woodwool mat
US5249893A (en) * 1989-04-13 1993-10-05 Phillips Petroleum Company Erosion control mat
US5965467A (en) * 1995-05-12 1999-10-12 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles
US6020275A (en) * 1995-05-12 2000-02-01 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles
US6056479A (en) * 1995-05-12 2000-05-02 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite open mesh structural textiles
US5651641A (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-07-29 Nicolon Corporation Geosynthetics
US5795835A (en) * 1995-08-28 1998-08-18 The Tensar Corporation Bonded composite knitted structural textiles
US6223398B1 (en) * 1998-03-26 2001-05-01 Trutzschler Gmbh & Co., Kg Web heating device for a fiber processing machine
US20040202851A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2004-10-14 Goodrum Richard A. Turf reinforcement mat composite including support mat core and attached fiber matrix
EP1467029A3 (en) * 2003-04-08 2005-01-12 Colbond B.V. Turf reinforcement mat composite
US8979428B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2015-03-17 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Lightweight protection element and filter of the mattress type
US11208738B2 (en) * 2014-07-01 2021-12-28 Omya International Ag Multifilament polyester fibres
WO2017115135A1 (en) 2015-12-28 2017-07-06 Adama Makhteshim Ltd. Controlled release agrochemical delivery units, their manufacture and use
WO2019002941A1 (en) 2017-06-28 2019-01-03 Adama Makhteshim Ltd. Controlled release agrochemical delivery units, their manufacture and use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK139075B (en) 1978-12-11
FR2152740A1 (en) 1973-04-27
AU4632172A (en) 1974-03-14
USB286913I5 (en) 1975-01-28
FR2152740B1 (en) 1976-05-21
NL7212140A (en) 1973-03-09
DD100506A5 (en) 1973-09-20
PL83451B1 (en) 1975-12-31
AU463798B2 (en) 1975-08-07
IT968216B (en) 1974-03-20
DE7133997U (en) 1971-12-16
BE788449A (en) 1973-06-06
GB1365209A (en) 1974-08-29
JPS4835188A (en) 1973-05-23
AT312507B (en) 1974-01-10
DK139075C (en) 1979-05-21

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