US3928150A - Method of operating an electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging means - Google Patents

Method of operating an electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928150A
US3928150A US457299A US45729974A US3928150A US 3928150 A US3928150 A US 3928150A US 457299 A US457299 A US 457299A US 45729974 A US45729974 A US 45729974A US 3928150 A US3928150 A US 3928150A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
catholyte
cell
gas
hydrogen gas
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US457299A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry W Rahn
Hugh Cunningham
Colonel R Dilmore
Thomas C Jeffery
Carl W Raetzsch
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PPG Industries Inc
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PPG Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PPG Industries Inc filed Critical PPG Industries Inc
Priority to US457299A priority Critical patent/US3928150A/en
Priority to ZA00751803A priority patent/ZA751803B/xx
Priority to AU79608/75A priority patent/AU491004B2/en
Priority to DE2514132A priority patent/DE2514132C3/de
Priority to GB13239/75A priority patent/GB1501252A/en
Priority to CA223,476A priority patent/CA1046983A/en
Priority to NL7503845.A priority patent/NL158854B/xx
Priority to JP50039692A priority patent/JPS50140375A/ja
Priority to IT67839/75A priority patent/IT1032585B/it
Priority to FR7510206A priority patent/FR2265875B1/fr
Priority to BE155020A priority patent/BE827476A/xx
Priority to US05/581,601 priority patent/US3968021A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3928150A publication Critical patent/US3928150A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Disclosed is a bipolar electrolyzer having a horizontal hydrogen channel separate from the catholyte chamber. There are apertures between the horizontal hydrogen channel and the catholyte chamber to enable catholyte gas, i.e., hydrogen, with entrained cell liquor, to enter the channel.
  • catholyte gas i.e., hydrogen
  • the gas disengaging chamber includes a catholyte gas deflector interposed between the outlet of the horizontal channel and the interior of the disengaging chamber, hydrogen recovery means, and catholyte liquor recovery means.
  • catholyte gas i.e., hydrogen gas with entrapped catholyte liquor
  • the catholyte gas is then transported through the horizontal channel to the outlet of the horizontal channel and into the disengaging chamber.
  • the catholyte gas enters the disengaging chamber, its direction of flow is deflected while its linear velocity is reduced.
  • the direction of flow of the gas is then reversed and the linear velocity reduced further, disengaging the catholyte liquor from the hydrogen.
  • the hydrogen gas substantially free of catholyte liquor, is recovered from the disengaging chamber.
  • the presence of entrained catholyte liquor in the hydrogen causes foaming in the hydrogen gas outlet. This, in turn, inhibits hydrogen flow out of the catholyte chamber, causing slugging and surging of the catholyte liquor.
  • the slugging and surging of the catholyte liquor is associated with oscillations in the hydrogen back pressure on the diaphragm, cathode current efficiency, and cell liquor strength. It is, therefore, advantageous to remove as much of the entrained cell liquor as possible prior to removing the hydrogen gas from the cell.
  • the entrained liquor present in the hydrogen gas advantageously may be removed from the hydrogen by withdrawing the hydrogen gas from the catholyte chamber to a cell liquor disengaging system having a horizontal channel and a cell liquor disengaging tank.
  • the hydrogen gas is transported through the horizontal channel at a high velocity relative to its velocity in the disengaging chambet, to the disengaging chamber.
  • the catholyte liquor is partially removed from the gas by passing the gas through a disengaging chamber. In the disengaging chamber, the direction of flow is deflected and the linear velocity is reduced. Then, the direction of flow of the gas is reversed and the velocity further reduced, thereby disengaging catholyte liquor from the hydrogen. In this way, hydrogen gas substantially free of entrained catholyte liquor is obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a bipolar electrolyzer having one exemplification of the brine disengaging apparatus of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded, partial cutaway view of an individual cell unit of the bipolar electrolyzer shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial cutaway view of the cell liquor disengaging means of the individual cell unit shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the cell unit shownin FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cutaway view along cutting'plane 55.of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a further cutaway view along plane 6-6 of FIG. 4 at the same angle as the view in FIG. 5 but at a lower location in the cell.
  • FIG. 7 is a cutaway view along plane 77 of FIG. 4 and is the same angle as the views of FIGS. 5 and 6 but is at a lower level in the hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus.
  • FIG. 8 is a view of the hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus of this invention along plane 8-8 of FIG. 4.
  • a typical bipolar electrolyzer 1 is shown in isometric view in FIG. 1.
  • the typical bipolar electrolyzer 1 has a plurality of individual electrolytic cells, 11, 12, 13, l4, 15, for example, 3 or 5 or more, for example, as many as 11 or 15 or even 75 individual cells in a single electrolyzer.
  • the individual cells, 11 through 15 are electrically and mechanically in series sharing a common structural member 21 between adjacent cells.
  • the common structural member also referred to as a backplate 21, has the cathodes 31 of one cell 12 and the anodes 41 of the next adjacent cell 11 mounted on opposite sides thereof.
  • the backplate 21 provides electrical conductivity between adjacent cells while preventing the flow of electrolyte therebetween.
  • An individual electrolytic cell 12 of the electrolyzer 1 includes the anodic side of one cell unit and the cathodic side of the next adjacent cell unit.
  • the individual cell unit includes a backplate 21 with the cathodes 31 of one cell 12 mounted on the backplate 21 and the anodes 41 of the next adjacent cell 11 mounted on the opposite surface of the backplate 21.
  • the cell unit also includes the associated hardware such as the brine feed means, i.e., downcomer 51, the brine drainage means, the anodic gas recovery means, i.e., chlorine riser 53, the caustic soda recovery means 55, and the hydrogen gas recovery means.
  • the cell unit also includes side walls 57 and 58, a top 59, and a bottom 60.
  • An individual cell of a bipolar electrolyzer is divided into an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber by a permeable barrier. Two cell units, as described above,
  • An individual cell includes the anodic half of a first cell unit.
  • the anodic half of the cell unit has an anolyteresistant surface 23.
  • the anolyte-resistant surface 23 may be a valve metal such as titanium, tantalum, tungsten, zirconium, and their alloys.
  • the valve metals are those metals which form a non-reactive, substantially inert oxide film upon exposure to acidic media under anodic conditions.
  • the anolyte-resistant surface 23 may be a rubber or plastic lining.
  • the anodes may be fabricated of a valve metal, as defined above, and have a suitable electroconductive, electrocatalytic coating thereon. Electroconductive, electrocatalytic coatings may be provided by those materials having a low chlorine overvoltage, e.g., less than about 0.25 volt at-200 Amperes per square foot, resistance to the anolyte liquor and electrical conductivity.
  • the anodes 41 may be silicon blades having a suitable electroconductive surface.
  • the anodes 41 may be graphite fingers or blades extending from the backplate 21.
  • the anodes are suitably mounted on the backplate, for example, by corrosion-resistant bolts, studs, welding or the like.
  • the second cell unit of the individual cell has a catholyte-resistant surface 25 facing the anolyte-resistant surface 23 of the first cell unit.
  • the catholyteresistant surface 25 is provided by iron, steel, stainless steel, copper, lead, nickel, cadmium, or the like.
  • the hollow cathode fingers 31 are interleaved between anodes 41 of the facing cell unit.
  • the cathodic backscreen 33 is parallel to and spaced from the backplate 21.
  • the volume within the hollow cathode finger 31 and behind the cathodic backscreen 33 between the backscreen 33 and the catholyte-resistant surface 25 of the backplate is commonly referred to as the catholyte chamber of the individual electrolytic cell.
  • the cathodes 31 and cathodic backscreen 33 may be fabricated in the form of mesh or perforate plate.
  • the cathodes 31 and cathodic back-screen 33 are fabricated of a catholyte-resistant material, e.g., iron, steel, stainless steel, nickel, cobalt, or the like.
  • Permeable barrier means are interposed between the anodes and cathodes dividing the individual cells into an anolyte chamber and a catholyte chamber.
  • the permeable barrier means may be an electrolyte permeable barrier, fabricated, for example, of asbestos, chemically treated asbestos, silicate impregnated asbestos, or perfluoro acid resin treated asbestos.
  • the barrier means may be an ion permeable barrier, i.e., a permionic membrane, such as, for example, a DuPont NAFION (TM) resin membrane.
  • the barrier may be deposited on the cathode, as a deposited asbestos diaphragm or alternatively it may be applied to the cathode as a membrane or sheet.
  • the individual cell 12 includes brine feed means such as downcomer 51.
  • the downcomer 51 may feed directly into the anolyte chamber.
  • the feed may be into this intermediate chamber.
  • the individual electrolytic cell also includes anodic gas recovery means 53, and means for recovering catholyte liquor, i.e., cell liquor 55 from the electrolytic cell.
  • a horizontal channel means 71 extends across the top 59 of the cell body.
  • this horizontal channel means 71 ' may be within the cell body.
  • the linear velocity in the horizontal channel is almost always above six feet per second, is generally above eight feet per second, preferably above ten feet per second, and frequently as high as fifteen feet per second or more.
  • Gas disengaging chambers 77 are provided at at least one end, and occasionally at both ends of the horizontal channel 71.
  • the apertures 75 between the channel 71 and'the catholyte chamber provide fluid communication be tween the catholyte chamber and the horizontal channel 71. In this way, hydrogen gas containing entrained catholyte liquor can be removed from the catholyte chamber to the horizontal channel 71. Sufficient apertures 75 are provided to allow the hydrogen containing entrained catholyte liquor to readily enter the horizontal channel 71.
  • the gas disengaging means 77 at the end of the channel may be particularly understood by reference to FIGS. 4 through 8.
  • the gas disengaging means at the outlet of the horizontal channel 71 disengages catholyte liquor from the hydrogen gas.
  • the gas disengaging chamber 77 includes gas deflection means 79.
  • the gas deflection means 79 are interposed between the outlet 81 of the horizontal channel 71 and the interior 83 of the disengaging chamber 77.
  • the direction of the flow of the hydrogen gas containing entrained cellliquor is deflected downward.
  • the velocity of the gas is reduced by a factor of from about 0.25 to about 0.50, based on the velocity of the gas in the horizontal channel 71. That is, the velocity of the gas is reduced from a horizontal linear velocity in the horizontal channel 71 of from about six to about fifteen feet per second to a downward linear velocity of from about two to about eight feet per second.
  • the deflection means shown in the figures is a baffle 79.
  • the gas flows from the channel 71 against the baffle 79 and is driven downward, for example, through aperture 85, thereby imparting a downward vertical component to the linear velocity of the gas.
  • This downward velocity continues until the gas impinges upon the cell liquor collected in the vertical cell liquor channel 87 shown in FIGS. 4, 7, and 8.
  • the gas may impinge upon the bottom 89 of the channel 87.
  • there is further deflection or reversal of the linear velocity of the gas resulting in an upward flow.
  • Accompanying this upward deflection is a further reduction in linear velocity which serves to disengage the cell liquor from the hydrogen gas.
  • the vertical velocity is reduced by a factor or from about 0.1 to about 0.2, basis to velocity in the horizontal channel 71.
  • the upward velcoity is now from about 1 to about 2 feet per second compared to a velocity of from about 6 to about 15 feet per second in the horizontal channel. This is accomplished by an increase in the horizontal area of the disengaging chamber 83.
  • the deflection and resulting upward component of the velocity of the hydrogen gas at the further reduced velocity results in the separation or disengaging of the cell liquor from the hydrogen.
  • the cell liquor is then returned to the cell, for example through cell liquor return aperture 91 shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 while the hydrogen gas is recovered from the interior 83 of the disengaging chamber 77 through aperture 93 substantially free of cell liquor.
  • disengaging means of this invention is shown with reference to a rectangular horizontal channel mounted atop the cell body and a single disengaging chamber at one end of the channel, which single disengaging chamber utilizes a baffle plate for deflecting the hydrogen gas
  • the horizontal channel may be a cylindrical channel and the horizontal channel may be mounted within the cell body rather than atop the body.
  • gas disengaging means may be at both extreme ends of the horizontal channel 71.
  • the deflecting means may be screens, mesh, elbows, 90 elbows, 60 elbows, 45 elbows, Tees, expansion valves, a liquidgas cyclone, a high surface area sieve, or the like.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US457299A 1974-04-02 1974-04-02 Method of operating an electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging means Expired - Lifetime US3928150A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US457299A US3928150A (en) 1974-04-02 1974-04-02 Method of operating an electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging means
ZA00751803A ZA751803B (en) 1974-04-02 1975-03-21 Electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus and method of operating an electrolytic cell and recovering hydrogen therefrom
AU79608/75A AU491004B2 (en) 1974-04-02 1975-03-27 Electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus and method of operating an electrolytic cell and recovering hydrogen therefrom
DE2514132A DE2514132C3 (de) 1974-04-02 1975-03-29 Bipolare Chlor-Alkali-Elektrolysier-Vorrichtung
CA223,476A CA1046983A (en) 1974-04-02 1975-04-01 Electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus
NL7503845.A NL158854B (nl) 1974-04-02 1975-04-01 Werkwijze voor het doen werken van een elektrolytische cel.
GB13239/75A GB1501252A (en) 1974-04-02 1975-04-01 Bipolar electrolysis cells
JP50039692A JPS50140375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-02 1975-04-01
IT67839/75A IT1032585B (it) 1974-04-02 1975-04-01 Cella elettrolitica e procedimento per il ricipero dell idrogeno gassoso sviluppantesi su catodi
FR7510206A FR2265875B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-02 1975-04-02
BE155020A BE827476A (fr) 1974-04-02 1975-04-02 Cellule electrolytique comportant un appareil de degagement d'hydrogene gazeux et son procede de fonctionnement
US05/581,601 US3968021A (en) 1974-04-02 1975-05-29 Electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus

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US457299A US3928150A (en) 1974-04-02 1974-04-02 Method of operating an electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging means

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US05/581,601 Division US3968021A (en) 1974-04-02 1975-05-29 Electrolytic cell having hydrogen gas disengaging apparatus

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US (1) US3928150A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS50140375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE827476A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1046983A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2514132C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2265875B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1501252A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1032585B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL158854B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA751803B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4130468A (en) * 1975-11-28 1978-12-19 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Method of operation of an electrolysis cell with vertical anodes and cathodes
US4209370A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-06-24 Infanzon Luis A S Process for electrolysis of brine by mercury cathodes
EP0021456A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Elektrode für die Wasserelektrolyse
US4268365A (en) * 1977-09-22 1981-05-19 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride
US4293395A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-10-06 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution
US4322281A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-03-30 Olin Corporation Method for controlling foaming within gas-liquid separation area
US4332664A (en) * 1980-09-09 1982-06-01 Csepel Muvek Hiradastechnikai Gepgyara Gas producing electrolytic cell for portable devices
US4339321A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-07-13 Olin Corporation Method and apparatus of injecting replenished electrolyte fluid into an electrolytic cell
US4340460A (en) * 1980-11-24 1982-07-20 Olin Corporation Internal downcomer for electrolytic recirculation
US4344833A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-08-17 Olin Corporation Restrictor apparatus for electrolyte flow conduit
US4377462A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-03-22 The Dow Chemical Company Tuning fork shaped anodes for electrolysis cells
US4409074A (en) * 1980-07-28 1983-10-11 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution
US4448663A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-05-15 The Dow Chemical Company Double L-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell
US4505789A (en) * 1981-12-28 1985-03-19 Olin Corporation Dynamic gas disengaging apparatus and method for gas separation from electrolyte fluid
US4574037A (en) * 1983-04-12 1986-03-04 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vertical type electrolytic cell and electrolytic process using the same
US4839012A (en) * 1988-01-05 1989-06-13 The Dow Chemical Company Antisurge outlet apparatus for use in electrolytic cells
US6402929B1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2002-06-11 Toagosei Co., Ltd. Method of operating alkali chloride electrolytic cell

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4097358A (en) * 1976-08-30 1978-06-27 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Apparatus for release of an entrained gas in a liquid medium
FR2367125A1 (fr) * 1976-10-11 1978-05-05 Solvay Element bipolaire pour electrolyseurs
JPS6030747B2 (ja) * 1977-04-05 1985-07-18 旭硝子株式会社 塩化アルカリ電解槽プラント
US4278526A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-07-14 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution
FR2455639A1 (fr) * 1979-05-04 1980-11-28 Creusot Loire Procede et dispositif de traitement du melange gaz-liquide issu d'un electrolyseur
EP0121585A1 (en) * 1983-04-12 1984-10-17 The Dow Chemical Company Chlorine cell design for electrolyte series flow

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755108A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-08-28 Ppg Industries Inc Method of producing uniform anolyte heads in the individual cells of a bipolar electrolyzer

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3755108A (en) * 1971-08-12 1973-08-28 Ppg Industries Inc Method of producing uniform anolyte heads in the individual cells of a bipolar electrolyzer

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4130468A (en) * 1975-11-28 1978-12-19 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Method of operation of an electrolysis cell with vertical anodes and cathodes
US4209370A (en) * 1976-10-08 1980-06-24 Infanzon Luis A S Process for electrolysis of brine by mercury cathodes
US4268365A (en) * 1977-09-22 1981-05-19 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride
US4293395A (en) * 1978-12-28 1981-10-06 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution
EP0021456A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Elektrode für die Wasserelektrolyse
US4409074A (en) * 1980-07-28 1983-10-11 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution
US4332664A (en) * 1980-09-09 1982-06-01 Csepel Muvek Hiradastechnikai Gepgyara Gas producing electrolytic cell for portable devices
US4340460A (en) * 1980-11-24 1982-07-20 Olin Corporation Internal downcomer for electrolytic recirculation
US4339321A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-07-13 Olin Corporation Method and apparatus of injecting replenished electrolyte fluid into an electrolytic cell
US4344833A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-08-17 Olin Corporation Restrictor apparatus for electrolyte flow conduit
US4375400A (en) * 1980-12-08 1983-03-01 Olin Corporation Electrolyte circulation in an electrolytic cell
US4322281A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-03-30 Olin Corporation Method for controlling foaming within gas-liquid separation area
US4377462A (en) * 1981-01-12 1983-03-22 The Dow Chemical Company Tuning fork shaped anodes for electrolysis cells
US4505789A (en) * 1981-12-28 1985-03-19 Olin Corporation Dynamic gas disengaging apparatus and method for gas separation from electrolyte fluid
US4448663A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-05-15 The Dow Chemical Company Double L-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell
US4574037A (en) * 1983-04-12 1986-03-04 Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Vertical type electrolytic cell and electrolytic process using the same
US4839012A (en) * 1988-01-05 1989-06-13 The Dow Chemical Company Antisurge outlet apparatus for use in electrolytic cells
US6402929B1 (en) * 1999-07-07 2002-06-11 Toagosei Co., Ltd. Method of operating alkali chloride electrolytic cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2514132A1 (de) 1975-10-09
CA1046983A (en) 1979-01-23
NL158854B (nl) 1978-12-15
BE827476A (fr) 1975-10-02
DE2514132B2 (de) 1979-02-01
JPS50140375A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-11-11
FR2265875A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-24
FR2265875B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-11-18
ZA751803B (en) 1976-10-27
NL7503845A (nl) 1975-10-06
IT1032585B (it) 1979-06-20
GB1501252A (en) 1978-02-15
DE2514132C3 (de) 1979-10-04
AU7960875A (en) 1976-09-30

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