US3927417A - Automatic film processor replenishment system - Google Patents

Automatic film processor replenishment system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3927417A
US3927417A US412516A US41251673A US3927417A US 3927417 A US3927417 A US 3927417A US 412516 A US412516 A US 412516A US 41251673 A US41251673 A US 41251673A US 3927417 A US3927417 A US 3927417A
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Prior art keywords
integrator
circuit
input
output
integrator means
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US412516A
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Minoru Kinoshita
Osami Taniuchi
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AFP ACQUISITION Corp
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Logetronics Inc
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Priority to US485043A priority Critical patent/US3913022A/en
Publication of USB412516I5 publication Critical patent/USB412516I5/en
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Publication of US3927417A publication Critical patent/US3927417A/en
Assigned to LOGETRONICS CORPORATION, reassignment LOGETRONICS CORPORATION, CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 09/21/87 Assignors: AFP ACQUISITION CORPORATION
Assigned to AFP ACQUISITION CORPORATION reassignment AFP ACQUISITION CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: LOGETRONICS, INC.
Assigned to BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE reassignment BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AFP ACQUISITION CORPORATION
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
    • G03D3/02—Details of liquid circulation
    • G03D3/06—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks
    • G03D3/065—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks replenishment or recovery apparatus

Definitions

  • a control circuit for automatically controlling chemical replenishment in a chemical-containing automatic film processor, includes an integrator circuit which receives signals related to the image density in a sheet of image bearing material being transported through the processor. The signal currents are integrated for a predetermined time interval, and upon elapse of said predetermined time interval a reference current source having a polarity opposite to that of the signal current is coupled to the input of the integrator to reduce the output of the integrator toward a reference level. A circuit is provided for generating a control signal which effects replenishment throughout the time period required to reduce the output of the integrator to the reference level.
  • This invention relates to a method of replenishing the processing liquid in an automatic film processor to compensate for the lowered activity of the developer and fixer fluids which would otherwise result from the processing of exposed film.
  • Automatic film processors convey exposed films by appropriate transport means through a sequence of developing, fixing and washing baths.
  • processing results are affected by at least four factors: developing time, developing temperature, degree of fluid agitation, and chemical activity of the processing liquid.
  • developing time, temperature and degree of agitation can be controlled relatively easily by the incorporation of appropriate design features associated with the mechanical construction of the automatic film processor. Therefore, if the remaining factor, i.e., chemical activity of the processing liquid, can be maintained constant, then the overall film processing performance can be stabilized.
  • the concentration and activity of the processing liquid decrease as a result of depletion caused by film development action and by chemical oxidation and, in order to restore the concentration and activity, it is common practice to add appropriate amounts of replenishing fluid from time to time.
  • One commonly employed method of controlling replenishment depends upon the establishment of a constant rate of flow of replenishing fluid, and control of the duration of time during which the fluid is introduced into the developing liquid.
  • a variety of means have been disclosed in the prior art.
  • one approach employs a sensing means at an appropriate position along the film transport path to detect the physical passage of the length of film, thereby enabling replenishment to be performed during travel of the film through the sensing station.
  • This method delivers replenishing fluid to the processing liquid in an amount proportional to the length of film being conveyed and is best suited to a situation where films of a definite width and average exposure are being processed because, when such a system is used in the processing of sheet films of different sizes, even those films which are of equal area may result in different amounts of replenishment depending upon whether the minor dimension or the major dimension of the film sheet is sensed. Accurate replenishment rarely results from the use of such length-sensing systems.
  • dial-type replenishing An alternate method is designated dial-type replenishing wherein a dial similar to that of a telephone set is provided and an appropriate number, selected from a tabular chart depicting the size of the film to be processed and its estimated degree of exposed area, is dialed in to set a synchronous timer, thereby allowing replenishment fluid to flow at a constant rate until the dial returns to its initial position.
  • This method is of practical utility, but the selection of numbers and dial operations often tends to be inconvenient.
  • certain modern process cameras for the graphic arts allow the film to be removed from the camera back automatically after exposure operations have been completed and then convey the film, by mechanical means, to the automatic film processor. If the dial-type method is applied to such a system, manual operation of the replenishing dial will be required for each sheet of film to be processed, eliminating many of the benefits of automation.
  • present invention relates to an improvement of this type of replenishing technique, and has as an objective the elimination of disadvantages inherent in the control circuits used heretofore, in order to provide a practical, accurate replenishing method.
  • the replenishment system of the present invention is operative to automatically control chemical replenishment in a chemical-containing automatic film processor.
  • the varying image densities in each of said sheets are optically monitored throughout substantially the entire width and length of each sheet.
  • the sensor employed to effect this monitoring produces a signal which is coupled as one input to an integrator circuit, and the integrator circuit is in turn associated with a timer operative to permit the integrator to accumulate and integrate the sensing signal currents during a predetermined time interval.
  • the timer operates to connect, to the input of the integrator circuit, a reference current source having a polarity opposite to that of the sensing signal current, and the reference source accordingly reduces the output of the integrator circuit toward a reference voltage level.
  • the time required to reduce the integrator circuit output voltage to the reference level is jointly dependent upon the output level of the integrator circuit at the time the reference source is connected to its input, and upon the magnitude of any sensing signal present at the input of the integrator circuit during the time that the reference source is attempting to reduce the integrator circuit output to said reference voltage level.
  • a replenishment control signal is generated for a period of time which corresponds to the time-required to effect reduction of the integrator circuit output to the reference level.
  • the integrator circuit in its preferred form, includes an integrating capacitor which is charged by the sensing signal input current, and which is differentially discharged by connecting the reference current source to a second input of the integrator. Since the improved system of the present invention contemplates that the capacitor of the integrating circuit be periodically discharged to a reference voltage level, such as ground potential, proper operation does not require the integrating circuit capacitor to maintain a charge for any significant period of time. The system operation is accordingly rendered independent of any leakage of charge from the capacitor, thus providing for more accurate control and replenishment than has been possible heretofore.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic film processor incorporating the automatic replenishment control system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a prior art control circuit employed in automatic replenishment control systems of the general type shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C graphically illustrate the operation of the prior art control system of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the control circuit of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C graphically depict the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 4.
  • an automatic film processor incorporating the automatic replenishment control of the present invention may comprise a plurality of processor tanks comprising at least one developer tank A, at least one fixer tank B, and at least one wash tank C. Exposed sensitized material to be developed is fed in sequence through the tanks A, B, and C along a path of the type generally designated D by means of an appropriate transport system diagrammatically illustrated by rollers.
  • Squeegee rollers F are located downstream of the wash tank C; and the developed film is caused to pass through said squeegee rollers for partial drying, whereafter the film is fed through a drier G for final drying and subsequent collection. Apparatuses of this general type are in themselves well known.
  • a sensor arrangement comprising a light source L and a photoelectric light receiver PE, disposed respectively on opposing sides of the film transport path, is provided at a position between wash tank C and dryer G to determine the different image densities developed in different areal portions of the film by the processor action; thereby to provide a measure of the amount of chemical which has been used up in the course of the development process.
  • Such sensor arrangements may take various forms, some of which are described and illustrated in Street, et al., US. Pat. No. 3,554,109 and Street US. Pat. No. 3,559,555 and, in its preferred embodiment, the sensing system is adapted to substantially completely inspect each sheet in film throughout both its width and length.
  • the sensing signal produced by the sensor is coupled to a control circuit H (with which the present invention is primarily concerned), and the output of the control circuit selectively operates a solenoid controlled valve I adapted to permit the feeding of replenishment chemical from a reservoir or tank J via a manual shut-off valve K, flowmeter M and line to the developer tank.
  • a control circuit H with which the present invention is primarily concerned
  • a solenoid controlled valve I adapted to permit the feeding of replenishment chemical from a reservoir or tank J via a manual shut-off valve K, flowmeter M and line to the developer tank.
  • a similar arrangement may be provided to effect controlled replenishment of the fixer solution in tank B but, to simplify the drawings, this has not been shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the control circuit H of one replenishment system of the prior art.
  • the signal current Ei obtained from the photoelectric means PE (FIG. 1) in proportion to the blackened areas of the film, is coupled to input terminal 1 and is accumulated in an integration circuit composed of resistor 2, DC amplifier 3 and capacitor 4.
  • the level detector operates and causes contacts 7 of zeroing relay 6 to close, thereby dissipating the charge accumulated in capacitor 4 of the integration circuit.
  • timer 8 is actuated and, via control relay 9, generates a solenoid-valve control signal Es to initiate replenishment of the liquid.
  • the control circuit of FIG. 2 when used in the system of FIG. 1, causes a flow of replenishing fluid at a predetermined constant rate set by flowmeter M, for a predetermined period of time established by timer 8, whenever the accumulated voltage Eo resulting from sensing signal Ei, reaches the aforementioned predetermined magnitude.
  • FIG. 3 is a chart showing the operating relationships between various waveforms associated with the device of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3A shows typical sensing signals Ei;
  • FIG. 3B shows resultant integration circuit outputs E0; and
  • FIG. 3C shows the related replenishment control signals Es. Due to the input sensing signal Ei, the output E0 increases gradually and, after a definite integrated voltage level is reached, output E0 is returned to zero and, at the same time, a replenishment control signal Es is produced for a predetermined period of time. Accordingly, the circuit of FIG. 2 enables replenishment to be carried out automatically in proportion to the blackened areas of the film, and is generally very effective.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a situation where two processed film sheets (FIG. 3A) pass the photoelectric sensor in succession with an intervening time interval t and two time-spaced sensing signals Ei, depicted respectively by curve 10 and curve 11, accordingly enter the integrator in sequence.
  • the integration circuit output voltage E0 resulting from the first film sheet increases in an amount depicted by curve 10 and, upon reaching the predetermined value, results in zeroing of the integrator and actuation of timer 8 to initiate a replenishment period (FIG. 3C), as previously de-' scribed.
  • output voltage E0 is not subject to change during the interval 1,, between passage of the two films.
  • the value of output voltage E0 tends to decrease gradually during interval t due to unavoidable leakage of charge from capacitor 4, and the effect is particularly pronounced if interval t is comparatively long, e.g., due to intermittent operation of the processor. Accordingly, the value of additional output voltage E0 integrated as a result of the sensing signal 11 generated by the second film sheet will be lower than that which would be obtained if the second film sheet hadbeen transported without any intervening time interval, and the amount of replenishing liquid added will be less than the quantity actually required.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a chart showing the operating relationships between various waveforms of the apparatus of FIG. 4.
  • the sensing signal Ei developed by the blacked portion of the film as it passes through the photoelectric sensor, enters input terminal 12 and is coupled to an integration circuit consisting of resistor 13, DC amplifier 14 and capacitor 15, as described in relation to the prior art device of FIG. 2.
  • a reference current supplied by a separate reference current source 25 is selectively connected, via normally-open relay contacts 26, to the summing junction formed between resistors 13 and 27 at the input of integration amplifier 14.
  • This reference current is of opposite polarity to that of the sensing signal input and acts arithmetically, when applied via switch 26, to decrease the integrated value of the sensing signal current.
  • the sensing signal Ei is also applied to a level detector circuit 16 which produces an output signal whenever Ei is present at input terminal 12, and this signal is coupled through OR circuit 17 to open the normally closed relay contacts 19 of said integrator zeroing circuit, via relay 18, thereby removing a short circuit across capacitor and enabling signal integration to commence.
  • the voltage output E0 of the integration circuit constitutes the signal to level detector 20, which is similar to level detector 16 mentioned previously, and detector 20 produces an output signal (when voltage E0 exceeds a reference level) which, via relay 21, causes the reset switch contacts 23 of timer circuit 22 to open.
  • Timer E1; FIG. 5B is the resulting integration circuit output voltage E0; and
  • FIG. 5C depicts the replenishment control, signal Er.
  • the sensing signal Ei is produced as the blackened portions of the film pass through the photoelectric sensor, and FIG. 5A shows sensing signals resulting from the passage of two such films, identified by curves 29 and 30.
  • sensing signal Ei shown by curve 29 When the sensing signal Ei shown by curve 29 first enters the system via level detector 16, it opens reset switch 19 of the integration circuit after passing through OR circuit 17 and actuating relay 18; sensing signals Ei are then accumulated and integrated ouput E0 commences. As ouput E0 appears, the reset switch contacts 23 of timer circuit 22 open due to actuation of level detector 20 and relay 21; the timer cycle commences and, after a definite time period T, has passed, the timer 22 causes reference current switch 26, and replenishment signal switch 28, to close via relay 24. When the reference current switch 26 closes, a reference current of opposite polarity to that of the sensing signal input Ei is produced, as previously mentioned, and is differentially integrated so that the value of output E0 gradually decreases.
  • the sensing signal current shown by curve 29 falls to zero before time T, has elapsed and, due to the differential integration action, the value of voltage E0 commences to decrease linearly throughout time-period T reaching zero when time period T,, determined by the constant discharge current flowing through resistor 27 and the magnitude of voltage E0 at the instant when switch 28 was closed, elapses.
  • switch 28 remains closed, producing replenishment signal E as shown in FIG. 5C, and the processing liquid is replenished during the time period T,.
  • the timer reset switch 23 closes via level detector 20 and relay 21, and the timer is reset, opening switches 26 and 28 via relay 24.
  • switch 19 in the integration circuit closes via OR circuit 17 and relay 18, due to the absence of output from level detector 20, discharging capacitor 15 to reset the integration circuit to its initial condition.
  • the differential integration results from the constant current derived from the reference supply 25 (and the term differential integration is employed herein to reflect this concept, even though a signal current Ei may not be present simultaneously with the constant reference current at the integrator input).
  • the replenishment time T is proportional to the integrated value of E0, and the amount of chemical replenishment is precisely proportional to the accumulated value of sensing signal Ei, i.e., is proportional to the blackened area of the processed film.
  • the foregoing example discusses the circuit action when the film being processed is of a relatively short length and the input period of the sensing signal Ei is of a shorter duration than the set period T of timer 22. Let us now consider the case in which the film being processed is of a considerably greater length, i.e., the sensing signal input shown in curve 30 extends over a longer time period than the set period T,, of timer 22.
  • the device of this invention is equally applicable to the maintenance of accuracy under either circumstance.
  • a control circuit for controlling chemical replenishment in an automatic film processor comprisinr sensor means responsive to the image density in a sheet of film being processed for producing a sensing signal proportional to said density, means coupling said sensing signal to the input of an integrator means, said integrator means being operative to integrate said signal during a predetermined time interval, a reference source having a polarity opposite that of said sensing signal, means responsive to elapse of said predetermined time interval for coupling said source to the 7 input of said integrator means to cause the sensing 55' signal already integrated by said integrator means and any further sensing signal subsequently applied to the input of said integrator means to be differentially integrated and the output of said integrator means reduced in value toward a predetermined reference level, means responsive to elapse of said predetermined time interval for initiating flow of said replenishment chemical, and means responsive to reduction of the output of said integrator means to said reference level for terminating flow of said replenishment chemical.
  • control circuitv of claim 1 includingcontrol means responsive to coupling of said sensing signal to the input of said integrator means for rendering said integrator means operative.
  • said integrator means includes an integrating capacitor, said control means including a shorting switch connected across said capacitor, and signal detector means responsive to the presence of said sensing signal at the input of said integrator means for opening said shorting switch.
  • control circuit of claim 1 including control means jointly responsive to the absence of said sensing signal at the input of said integrator means and to the presence of said predetermined reference level at the output of said integrator for rendering said integrator means inoperative.
  • said integrator means includes an integrating capacitor
  • said control means comprising a first level detector having its input connected to the input of said integrator means, a second level detector having its input connected to the output of said integrator means, an OR circuit having inputs connected to the outputs of said first and second level detectors, and a relay connected to the output of said OR circuit, said relay including a pairof contacts connected across said integrating capacitor for selectively shorting said capacitor to render said integrator means inoperative.
  • control circuit of claim 1 including timer meansoperative, when activated, to establish said predetermined time interval, means responsive to the presence of a signal in excess of said reference level at the output of said integrator means for activating said timer means, and a control relay coupled to the output of said timer means operative, upon elapse of said predetermined time interval, to close a circuit connecting said reference source to the input of said integrator means.
  • control circuit of claim 6 wherein said control relay is further operative, upon elapse of said predetermined time interval, to close a further circuit operative to energize a solenoid valve for initiating said flow of replenishment chemical.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US412516A 1973-03-07 1973-11-02 Automatic film processor replenishment system Expired - Lifetime US3927417A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057818A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-11-08 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher system for a photographic processor
US4104670A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-08-01 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher control
US4174169A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-11-13 Pako Corporation Anti-oxidation fluid replenisher control system for processor of photosensitive material
US4204764A (en) * 1978-03-28 1980-05-27 Sumiyoshi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Noise rejecting compensation circuit for developing apparatus
US4293211A (en) * 1980-07-14 1981-10-06 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher control system
US4300828A (en) * 1980-07-14 1981-11-17 Pako Corporation Photosensitive sheet processor
US4314753A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-02-09 Pako Corporation Automatic inverse fix replenisher control
DE3127824A1 (de) * 1980-07-14 1982-06-16 Pako Corp., 55440 Minneapolis, Minn. Automatisches antioxidations-nachfuell-steuersystem mit zwei zugaberaten
US4346981A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-08-31 Pako Corporation Dual rate automatic anti-oxidation replenisher control
US4372665A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-02-08 Pako Corporation Automatic variable-quantity/fixed-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4372666A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-02-08 Pako Corporation Automatic variable-quantity/variable-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4422152A (en) * 1981-11-19 1983-12-20 Pako Corporation Automatic fixed-quantity/variable-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
USRE31484E (en) 1978-03-02 1984-01-03 Pako Corporation Anti-oxidation fluid replenisher control system for processor of photosensitive material
US4466072A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-08-14 Pako Corporation Automatic fixed-quantity/fixed-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4506969A (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-03-26 Pako Corporation Film-width and transmittance scanner system
US4603956A (en) * 1984-11-16 1986-08-05 Pako Corporation Film-width and transmittance scanner system
US5307107A (en) * 1991-01-18 1994-04-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Replenisher supplying apparatus for photographic processor
US5739896A (en) * 1995-02-03 1998-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for digitally printing and developing images onto photosensitive material

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52148127A (en) * 1976-06-04 1977-12-09 Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd Replenishment of treating liquid for automatic film developing machine
JPS5394388U (en)) * 1976-12-29 1978-08-01

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3559555A (en) * 1968-06-04 1971-02-02 John N Street Image monitoring and control system
US3561344A (en) * 1968-05-23 1971-02-09 Eastman Kodak Co Electronic replenishment apparatus for photographic processor
US3763758A (en) * 1972-09-25 1973-10-09 Logetronics Inc Control unit for minimizing water and power consumption in automatic film processors
US3787689A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-01-22 Hope H X Ray Products Inc Exposure scanner and replenisher control

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3561344A (en) * 1968-05-23 1971-02-09 Eastman Kodak Co Electronic replenishment apparatus for photographic processor
US3559555A (en) * 1968-06-04 1971-02-02 John N Street Image monitoring and control system
US3787689A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-01-22 Hope H X Ray Products Inc Exposure scanner and replenisher control
US3763758A (en) * 1972-09-25 1973-10-09 Logetronics Inc Control unit for minimizing water and power consumption in automatic film processors

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057818A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-11-08 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher system for a photographic processor
US4104670A (en) * 1977-04-08 1978-08-01 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher control
USRE31484E (en) 1978-03-02 1984-01-03 Pako Corporation Anti-oxidation fluid replenisher control system for processor of photosensitive material
US4174169A (en) * 1978-03-02 1979-11-13 Pako Corporation Anti-oxidation fluid replenisher control system for processor of photosensitive material
US4204764A (en) * 1978-03-28 1980-05-27 Sumiyoshi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Noise rejecting compensation circuit for developing apparatus
US4293211A (en) * 1980-07-14 1981-10-06 Pako Corporation Automatic replenisher control system
US4300828A (en) * 1980-07-14 1981-11-17 Pako Corporation Photosensitive sheet processor
DE3127824A1 (de) * 1980-07-14 1982-06-16 Pako Corp., 55440 Minneapolis, Minn. Automatisches antioxidations-nachfuell-steuersystem mit zwei zugaberaten
US4346981A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-08-31 Pako Corporation Dual rate automatic anti-oxidation replenisher control
US4314753A (en) * 1980-07-14 1982-02-09 Pako Corporation Automatic inverse fix replenisher control
US4372665A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-02-08 Pako Corporation Automatic variable-quantity/fixed-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4372666A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-02-08 Pako Corporation Automatic variable-quantity/variable-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4466072A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-08-14 Pako Corporation Automatic fixed-quantity/fixed-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4422152A (en) * 1981-11-19 1983-12-20 Pako Corporation Automatic fixed-quantity/variable-time anti-oxidation replenisher control system
US4506969A (en) * 1984-04-02 1985-03-26 Pako Corporation Film-width and transmittance scanner system
US4603956A (en) * 1984-11-16 1986-08-05 Pako Corporation Film-width and transmittance scanner system
US5307107A (en) * 1991-01-18 1994-04-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Replenisher supplying apparatus for photographic processor
US5739896A (en) * 1995-02-03 1998-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for digitally printing and developing images onto photosensitive material
AU698048B2 (en) * 1995-02-03 1998-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Printing and developing apparatus

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NL179004C (nl) 1986-06-16
JPS49115547A (en)) 1974-11-05
USB412516I5 (en)) 1975-01-28
NL179004B (nl) 1986-01-16
NL7403062A (en)) 1974-09-10
JPS5346092B2 (en)) 1978-12-11

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