US3926279A - Lubricating apparatus - Google Patents

Lubricating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3926279A
US3926279A US502203A US50220374A US3926279A US 3926279 A US3926279 A US 3926279A US 502203 A US502203 A US 502203A US 50220374 A US50220374 A US 50220374A US 3926279 A US3926279 A US 3926279A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reservoir
structure defined
pump
bobber
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US502203A
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English (en)
Inventor
George E Thrasher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MASTER PNEUMATIC DETROIT
MASTER PNEUMATIC-DETROIT Inc
Original Assignee
MASTER PNEUMATIC DETROIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MASTER PNEUMATIC DETROIT filed Critical MASTER PNEUMATIC DETROIT
Priority to US502203A priority Critical patent/US3926279A/en
Priority to GB13859/75A priority patent/GB1503605A/en
Priority to CA225,697A priority patent/CA1013273A/en
Priority to FR7514470A priority patent/FR2283386A1/fr
Priority to JP50057168A priority patent/JPS5127665A/ja
Priority to DE752538298A priority patent/DE2538298C3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3926279A publication Critical patent/US3926279A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N13/00—Lubricating-pumps
    • F16N13/02—Lubricating-pumps with reciprocating piston
    • F16N13/06—Actuation of lubricating-pumps
    • F16N13/16—Actuation of lubricating-pumps with fluid drive

Definitions

  • F16N 13/16 flow responder, a lubricant reservoir, and a P p are [58] Fi ld f Search 134/55 A, R, 7 D, 7 E stacked vertically, the reservoir also serving as an ac- 184/1 C, 4 2 27 B 52 53 96, 97 9 cumulator which prevents air bubbles from reaching 5 7 F, 32 34 3 39 42 the injector. Nesting of the responder and reservoir reduces size to about that of a conventional airline lu- [56] References Cited bricator. The reservoir and an interior lubricant deliv- UNITED STATES PATENTS ery duct are transparent for observation of a shiny cylindrical material bobber in the duct.
  • a lubricator lubricant is furnished to a pneumat- I ically operated tool, or the like, by means of an injection type pump.
  • a sensing device or responder is mounted in the airline through which compressed air is furnished to the tool..
  • This device responds to each starting and stopping of a flow of air in the airline and causes the pump injector to advance when the air flow starts, to remain in its advance position for so long as the air flow continues, and
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lubricator structure of the type discussed above which is improved with respect to compactness, lower cost of manufacture, simplicity, freedom from malfunction because of trapped air bubbles, and is further improved in that it can be determined upon visual observation whether the structure is operating satisfactorily.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a pneumatic system which incorporates a lubricator according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the lubricator.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view on line 33 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged scale sectional view on line 44 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view on line 5-5 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged scale view partly in elevation and partly in section of a bobber.
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view on line 7-7 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view on line 88 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view similar to FIG. 4 but showing movable parts in a different position.
  • FIG. 1 Shown in FIG. 1 is a pneumatic system 10 which incorporates a lubricator 12 according to the present invention.
  • the system includes an airline 14 through which compressed air is furnished to pneumatically powered equipment 16 which for the sake of simplicity is illustrated as a hand heldtool.
  • pneumatically powered equipment 16 which for the sake of simplicity is illustrated as a hand heldtool.
  • airline 14 Upstream of lubricator l2, airline 14 is provided with a conventional pressure regulator 18 and a conventional filter 20. Downstream of lubricator l2 airline 14 continues in a flexible hose 22 through which is threaded a small diameter lubricant delivery tube 24.
  • Lubricator 12 comprisesin vertically. stacked relation an air flow sensing device or responder 26', a lubricant reservoir 28 and an injection type lubricant pump 30.
  • Reservoir 28 has a base 32 and an inverted generally cup shaped member 34 having a closed upper end, a generally vertical side wall 36 and an open lower end defined by a generally annular edge 38. Edge 38 and base 32 are clamped against opposite faces ofa seal gasket 40.
  • top portion 42, 44 and intermediatev portion 46 spaced therebelow to define a generally central vertical recess 48 within which sensing device 26 is disposed.
  • Top portion 42 has a vent opening 49 therein normally closed by a plug 50 having an O-ring seal 52.
  • Plug 50 is manually removable in an upward direction to expose a vent hole 54 therein above the top portion 42.
  • Top portion 44 of the reservoir has a fill opening 56 illustrated as being closed by a threaded, remq able plug 58.
  • a pair of hollow struts 60 project downwardly from the closed end of reservoir member 34 in alignment with apertured bosses 62 on base 32. Bosses 62 and the lower ends 64 of struts 60 are clamped against opposite faces of gasket 40.
  • Pump 30 has a body 66 with a bottom 68 engaged by a clamping yoke 70. This yoke has apertured ears 72 aligned with bosses 62.
  • Responder 26 has a body 74 with a pair of threaded openings 76 aligned with struts 60.
  • Gasket 40 has a pair of openings 78 also aligned with the struts.
  • a pair of tie bolts 80 pass through ears 72, bosses 62, openings 78, struts 60 and are threaded into openings 76 to clamp responder 26, reservoir 28, and pump 30 in assembled relation.
  • a seal gasket 82 is clamped between upper portion 46 of reservoir member 34 and a bottom surface 84 of responder body 74.
  • a seal gasket 86 is clamped between a top portion 90 of pump body 66 and a bottom surface 88 of reservoir base 32.
  • a tube 92 Depending from upper portion 46 of reservoir member 34 is a tube 92 having an interior 94 which forms part of a passageway for compressed air from responder 26 to an air inlet opening 96 in pump body 66.
  • Reservoir base 32 has a boss 98 with an opening 100 aligned between tube interior 94 and inlet 96. Boss 98 and the lower end 102 of tube 92 are clamped against opposite faces of gasket 40 around an opening 104 Air inlet 96 communicates into a pneumatic cylinder.
  • a piston l 10 in the cylinder has a piston rod 1 12 which projects slidably through an opening 114 in a disc 116 in the cylinder, through an O-ring seal 118, and through an opening 120 in a wall portion 122 of pump body 66.
  • a coil spring 124 around piston rod 112 is compressed against disc 116 and urges piston 110 to the left as FIG. 4 is viewed.
  • Piston rod 112 has a free end portion 126 which projects into a lubricant inlet passageway 128 formed in pump body 66. End portion 126 forms a pump plunger or injector as is brought out in greater detail below.
  • inlet 128 is aligned with a lubricant delivery port 130 in reservoir bottom 32 and an opening 132 in gasket 86.
  • a filter 134 of wire screen, or the equivalent, is mounted within the reservoir and filters lubricant passing from the reservoir interior through delivery port 130 into passageway 128.
  • Pump body 66 is formed with a lubricant outlet passageway having a portion 136 which opens into inlet l28.and is aligned with plunger 126.
  • the outlet passageway continues in a portion 138 which contains a check valve 140 and downstream thereof an outlet port 142 with which is aligned an opening 144 in gasket 86,
  • Check valve 140 includes a plug 150 surrounded by a compressed coil spring 152 which urges a head 154 on the plug to the left as FIG. 4 is viewed.
  • Plug 150 carries a seal element 156 which closes the downstream end of outlet portion 136 in deactuated condition of pump 30.
  • tube 158 Depending from upper portion 46 of reservoir member 34 is a tube 158 having interior 160 aligned with gasket opening 148 and forming a portion of a duct through which lubricant is delivered from lubricator 12. Boss 147 and the lower end 162 of tube 158 are clamped against opposite faces of gasket 40.
  • Tube interior 160 is shaped to provide a shoulder 164 upon which a bobber 166 seats in deactuated condition of pump 30.
  • this bobber is preferably cylindrical in shape and is preferably made of a shiny material such as aluminum.
  • the bobber has a density greater than the lubricant passing through duct 160, and its mass may be diminished by boring out a portion thereof as represented at 168 (FIG. 6).
  • the lubricant delivery duct continues upwardly from tube 158 in an opening 170 in reservoir top portion 46, an opening 172 in gasket 82, and a passageway 174 in responder body 74.
  • Passageway 174 has a lateral continuation 176 into which is fitted an exit tube 178 to which delivery tube 24 is connected.
  • Opening 170 is shown as being provided with a filter screen 180.
  • Body 74 of responder 26 has a compressed air inlet nipple 182 threaded for attachment to an upstream portion 184 of airline 14 and has a compressed air outlet nipple 186 threaded for attachment to a downstream portion 188 of airline 14.
  • Body 74 defines a compressed air passageway 190 between inlet 182 and outlet 186.
  • Body 74 has interior portions which define an annular wall 192 forming a chamber 194 which communicates with inlet 182.
  • a sensing disc 196 fits axially slidably within an opening 198 formed by an interior portion of wall 192.
  • Body 74 also has a hollow boss 200 having an upper end portion 202 which defines a valve seat.
  • Disc 196 carries a central seal 204 which forms a valve member engaged with valve seat 202 in deactuated condition of lubricator 12.
  • Disc 196 has an upward lug 206 surrounded by a coil spring 208 compressed between disc 196 and an upper cover plate 209 on body 74. Spring 208 urges seal 204 into engagement with valve seat 202.
  • Body 74 has a plurality of internal bosses 210, four being shown, which form guides for guiding movement of disc 196 upwardly beyond opening 198.
  • I-Iollow boss 200 defines a passageway having an upper portion 212 which extends downwardly from valve seat 202 and an enlarged lower portion 214 which opens through the bottom of body 74 in alignment with an opening 216 in gasket 82 in turn aligned with the upper end of passageway 94 within the tube 92.
  • Disc 196 has a stem 218 which depends into passageway portion 212. Radial clearance 220 is provided between the stern and passageway.
  • Stem 218 has a radial shoulder 222 and continues downwardly in a smaller diameter portion 224 upon which is slidably mounted a poppet valve disc 226.
  • dial clearance 227 is provided between disc 226 and passageway portion 214.
  • a compressed coil spring 228 maintains disc 226 in engagement with shoulder 222.
  • bosses 230 At the juncture between passageway portions 212 and 214 are a plurality of bosses, 230, three being shown,
  • Reservoir member 34 has a transparent side wall portion 36, and for this purpose the entire member may be made from atransparent material-such as glass or a plastic such as polycarbonate.
  • the member including side wall 36, struts 60, and tubes 92, 158, may comprise a single integral injection molded unit.
  • Side wall 36 has a portion 236 which is thickened and rounded to form a lens. This lens is in general proximity to tube 158 and bobber 166 contained therein.
  • Pump 30 includes an external knob 238, which can be manually turned to adjust the axial location of plunger 126 in its retracted position so that the depth of penetration of the plunger into pump outlet 136 can be adjusted.
  • Pump 30 also incorporates an external rod or button 240 which can be pushed manually inwardly or to the right as FIG. 4 is viewed to manually operate the pump plunger.
  • vent plug 50 is pulled upwardly until O-ring 52 and vent hole 54 clear upper portion 42 of the reservoir.
  • Fill plug 58 is threaded out of opening 56 in upper portion 44 of the reservoir.
  • Lubricant is then poured into the reservoir, for example to the level L represented in FIG. 3. Plugs 50 and 58 are then replaced in their respective openings. If the reservoir is to be continually replenished from a remote source, this can be done by providing a lubricant supply line which opens through plug 58 in a known manner.
  • the system is primed by any suitable conventional procedure as by prefilling delivery tube 24 and by successively actuating plunger 126 until the system between inlet 128 exit tube 178 is filled.
  • Piston is moved to the right as FIG. 4 is viewed advancing plunger 126 to the dotted line position of FIG. 4 wherein it has penetrated into outlet passageway 136.
  • the plunger displaces from outlet 136 a quantity of lubricant determined by the diameter of the plunger and outlet, and the depth of penetration of the plunger into the outlet.
  • the displaced lubricant unseats check valve seal 156 and enters passageway portion 138.
  • Lubricant is advanced in the entire delivery system from termined quantity of lubric'ant is delivered to equipment 16. i
  • Sensing disc 196 remains in its upward position (FIG. 9) under the influence of the flow of air through airline 14 for so long as equipment l6 continues to operate.
  • sensing disc 196 can elevate through various ranges of movement depending on the volume of air flow through passageway 190 after poppet 226 has engaged bosses 232. Upward movement of the sensing disc is limited by engagement of the top lug 206 thereon against cover 209, as shown in FIG. 9.
  • Lugs 230 are disposed symmetrically about the axis of poppet 226 and prevent'tilting thereof in its upward position.
  • the interengaging surfaces ofthe lugs and poppet are machined, and these surfaces are relied upon for a seal around vent port 232 in actuated condition of the lubricator. This seal is not perfect, but any leakage therethrough is insignificant.
  • a bypass is provided which permits a flow of air at a low rate through passageway 190 without influencing disc 196.
  • this is done simply by providing a radial clearance (not illustrated),between opening 198 and the outer periphery of the disc.
  • the magnitude of this clearance and the strength of spring 208 are coordinated to permit a flow of air from about 4CFM to about SCFM without moving disc,
  • any air bubbles contained in either the initial supply of lubricant or arriving in reservoir 28 through a lubricant supply line float to the top of the reservoir and become accumulated there. It is virtually impossible for any such bubbles to migrate downwardly to the bottom of the reservoir or through lubricant determinated, the bobber settles back down onto the shoulder. This movement is visible through transparent side wall 36 of the 'reservoir'an'd throughtransparent tube '158.
  • the bobber is preferably cylindrical since that shape appears to provide the highest visibility. Also", for'lhigh visibility the bobber is made of a shiny or highlyreflected'material.
  • the mass of the bobber will depend upon -such'factors as the viscosity of thelubri cant and the volume of lubricant moved upon each impulse. Starting with a bobber of a standard size, its'mass can be reduced if desired by boring out a portion 168 thereof through one end leaving the visible side walls intact.
  • the curvature of the body of lubricant within reser voir 28 magnifies to ,a certain extent the visual image of bobber 166.
  • Lens shaped portion 236 of reservoir side wall 36 further magnifies visual images of the bobber. Even in relatively dim light and at distances, for example, of about 15 feet from the lubricator and several feet above or below it, movements of the bobber can be clearly discerned so that, it can be determined quickly and conveniently upon visual observation whether lubricator 12 is functioning properly.
  • Recess 48 in the top of reservoir 28 is deep enough so that responder 26 is almost entirely vertically contained therein.
  • the overall vertical and horizontal dimensions of lubricator 12 are within the size limitations usually considered acceptable .for airline accessory equipment. This is particularly advantageous, for example, in, installations where the accessories are suspended from an overhead trolley and there is only an inch or so of space between thetops of the accessories and the trolley. I I
  • Reservoir 28 can be used optionally as an independent manually filled unit or as a unit continually replenished from a remote source.
  • Lubr-icators 12 according to the invention are considerably less expensive to manufacture than conventional lubricators of the inj ection type with a resulting savings to the ultimate user.
  • a" lubricant reservoir having a top, a bottom, and a hollow interior for'containing lubricant, said body being mounted on said top and said pum being mounted on said bottom, i said bottom having a lubricant delivery" port which communicates with said pump inlet, said branch including a portion which 1 extends through the bottom of said body,and means forming a continuation" of said b ranch'having portions which extendthrough the'top, hollow interior, and bottom of said reservoir, i
  • said delivery port being aligned in substantially vertical registry with said pump inlet.
  • a bobber in said duct movable upwardly under impulses of lubricant flow in said duct upon successive actuations of said pump and being gravity returned downwardly between said impulses
  • said reservoir having a transparent side wall portion through which-said bobber is visible.
  • saidbobber comprises a substantially cylindrical body of shiny metal, said side wall portion of said reservoir being formed as a lens to enlarge the visual image of said bobber.
  • said reservoir comprises a base forming said bottom and an inverted cup shaped member having an open lower end defined by edges, lower seal means between said edges and said base,
  • said member having a closed upper end which forms said reservoir top, upper seal means between portions of said top and said body,
  • said upper and lower seal means being provided with generally aligned openings

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
US502203A 1974-08-30 1974-08-30 Lubricating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3926279A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US502203A US3926279A (en) 1974-08-30 1974-08-30 Lubricating apparatus
GB13859/75A GB1503605A (en) 1974-08-30 1975-04-04 Lubricating apparatus
CA225,697A CA1013273A (en) 1974-08-30 1975-04-25 Lubricating apparatus
FR7514470A FR2283386A1 (fr) 1974-08-30 1975-05-07 Graisseur pour outil pneumatique
JP50057168A JPS5127665A (en) 1974-08-30 1975-05-12 Kyuyusochi
DE752538298A DE2538298C3 (de) 1974-08-30 1975-08-28 Schmiervorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US502203A US3926279A (en) 1974-08-30 1974-08-30 Lubricating apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3926279A true US3926279A (en) 1975-12-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US502203A Expired - Lifetime US3926279A (en) 1974-08-30 1974-08-30 Lubricating apparatus

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US (1) US3926279A (no)
JP (1) JPS5127665A (no)
CA (1) CA1013273A (no)
DE (1) DE2538298C3 (no)
FR (1) FR2283386A1 (no)
GB (1) GB1503605A (no)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4105095A (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-08-08 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection lubricating apparatus
US4125176A (en) * 1977-07-21 1978-11-14 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection type lubricating apparatus
US4324316A (en) * 1980-01-28 1982-04-13 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection lubricator controlled by counting mechanism
US4332309A (en) * 1979-08-31 1982-06-01 Arnold Bereit Apparatus for the atomization of oil in a compressed air line
US4345668A (en) * 1980-07-07 1982-08-24 Gaunt Frank L Very low flow rate lubricant metering apparatus and method for a tool and workpiece
US4858645A (en) * 1988-10-24 1989-08-22 G. P. Reeves In. Lubricant delivery system including flow measuring
EP0422333A1 (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-17 Tool Works Inc. Illinois Lubricator
US5205378A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-04-27 Boelkins Wallace G Pulse-action mist lubrication system
US5522414A (en) * 1994-03-30 1996-06-04 G. P. Reeves, Inc. Flow sensor
US5524729A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-06-11 Uni-Mist, Inc. Pulse-action mist lubrication system
US5628384A (en) * 1996-04-24 1997-05-13 Lubriquip, Inc. Modular filter section for progressive divider valve
US6012903A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-01-11 Uni-Mist, Inc. Positive-displacement liquid-metering pump with continuously variable output
US10480712B2 (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-11-19 Caterpillar Inc. System and method for preventing air in lubricant supply lines

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5445515Y2 (no) * 1976-08-25 1979-12-26

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532441A (en) * 1948-10-23 1950-12-05 Waldo F Congdon Air-line lubricator
US2792911A (en) * 1956-07-27 1957-05-21 Trabon Engineering Corp Divisional lubricant feeder
US3628631A (en) * 1969-06-27 1971-12-21 Oleary Paul C Lubricator device
US3731763A (en) * 1970-03-25 1973-05-08 Master Pneumatic Detroit Lubricating apparatus
US3841438A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-10-15 Watts Regulator Co Injection lubricator

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2532441A (en) * 1948-10-23 1950-12-05 Waldo F Congdon Air-line lubricator
US2792911A (en) * 1956-07-27 1957-05-21 Trabon Engineering Corp Divisional lubricant feeder
US3628631A (en) * 1969-06-27 1971-12-21 Oleary Paul C Lubricator device
US3731763A (en) * 1970-03-25 1973-05-08 Master Pneumatic Detroit Lubricating apparatus
US3841438A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-10-15 Watts Regulator Co Injection lubricator

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4105095A (en) * 1977-05-31 1978-08-08 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection lubricating apparatus
FR2393225A1 (fr) * 1977-05-31 1978-12-29 Master Pneumatic Detroit Indicateur visuel du debit du lubrifiant dans un graisseur
US4125176A (en) * 1977-07-21 1978-11-14 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection type lubricating apparatus
US4332309A (en) * 1979-08-31 1982-06-01 Arnold Bereit Apparatus for the atomization of oil in a compressed air line
US4324316A (en) * 1980-01-28 1982-04-13 Master Pneumatic-Detroit, Inc. Injection lubricator controlled by counting mechanism
US4345668A (en) * 1980-07-07 1982-08-24 Gaunt Frank L Very low flow rate lubricant metering apparatus and method for a tool and workpiece
US4858645A (en) * 1988-10-24 1989-08-22 G. P. Reeves In. Lubricant delivery system including flow measuring
EP0422333A1 (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-04-17 Tool Works Inc. Illinois Lubricator
US5205378A (en) * 1990-12-31 1993-04-27 Boelkins Wallace G Pulse-action mist lubrication system
US5524729A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-06-11 Uni-Mist, Inc. Pulse-action mist lubrication system
US5542498A (en) * 1990-12-31 1996-08-06 Uni-Mist, Inc. Pulse action mist lubrication system
US5522414A (en) * 1994-03-30 1996-06-04 G. P. Reeves, Inc. Flow sensor
US5628384A (en) * 1996-04-24 1997-05-13 Lubriquip, Inc. Modular filter section for progressive divider valve
US6012903A (en) * 1996-07-22 2000-01-11 Uni-Mist, Inc. Positive-displacement liquid-metering pump with continuously variable output
US10480712B2 (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-11-19 Caterpillar Inc. System and method for preventing air in lubricant supply lines

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2538298A1 (de) 1976-03-25
FR2283386B1 (no) 1982-07-23
GB1503605A (en) 1978-03-15
CA1013273A (en) 1977-07-05
JPS5127665A (en) 1976-03-08
JPS5442422B2 (no) 1979-12-14
DE2538298C3 (de) 1979-03-08
DE2538298B2 (de) 1978-07-27
FR2283386A1 (fr) 1976-03-26

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