US3922620A - Circulator with connecting arms designed in accordance with the MIC technique - Google Patents

Circulator with connecting arms designed in accordance with the MIC technique Download PDF

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Publication number
US3922620A
US3922620A US409251A US40925173A US3922620A US 3922620 A US3922620 A US 3922620A US 409251 A US409251 A US 409251A US 40925173 A US40925173 A US 40925173A US 3922620 A US3922620 A US 3922620A
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United States
Prior art keywords
disc
gyromagnetic
dielectric
circulator
plate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US409251A
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English (en)
Inventor
Josef Deutsch
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication of USB409251I5 publication Critical patent/USB409251I5/en
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Publication of US3922620A publication Critical patent/US3922620A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/387—Strip line circulators

Definitions

  • a circulator includes connecting arms designed in ac cordance with the MIC technique which merged to form a branch, wherein a disc constructed of gyro magnetic material is arranged in the branching zone and is subjected to a constant magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet, The disc is surrounded by a plate constructed of dielectric material. On one side of the plate the connecting arms for the branch are pro vided and on the other side of the plate a continuous metallization is applied. An insert consisting of dielec tric material is disposed between the line branch and the disc of gyromagnetic material the dielectric con stant of the insert being smaller than the dielectric constant of the gyromagnetic material.
  • This invention relates to a circulator having connector arms constructed in accordance with the microwave integrated circuit (MIC) technique which are merged to form a branch circuit, and more specifically to such a circulator which has a disc of gyromagnetic material arranged in the branching zone and subjected to the influence of a constant magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet and surrounded by a layer of dielectric material.
  • the connecting arms of the branching circuit are carried on one side of the disc while a continuous metallization is provided on the other side of the disc.
  • branching circulators are realized in accordance with so called MIC method of construction, i.e., the line branching or the individual connecting arms respectively, are designed as an integrated microwave circuit.
  • the three connecting arms, and if required also the line branching, are applied onto a plate of dielectric material, such as a ceramic substrate for example, according to the known methods of printing or etching techniques.
  • the opposite side of this plate is generally provided with a continuous metallization.
  • a recess is formed in the plate of dielectric material in the form of a circular bore for example, and a disc consisting of gyromagnetic material is fitted into the recess.
  • ferrite and garnet materials are appropriate for use as gyromagnetic materials.
  • a permanent magnet is employed for creating the constant magnetic field as is already known for example from the German published application 2,042,]46.
  • the adaptation and the band width of such circulators is determined essentially by the difference between the input resistance of the circulators at the ferrite or the garnet, respectively, and the microwave resistance of the terminal lines.
  • the input resistance lies, for example, at approximately to ohms, while the wave resistance at the terminal lines amounts generally to approximately 50 ohms.
  • so called M4 termination lines are connected for example between the terminal lines and the intermediate circulator input.
  • a principle object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned difficulties as much as possible and to provide a circulator construction which is O realized in accordance with MIC techniques, and more specifically to the provision of such circulators for obtaining large exploitable frequency band widths and small input reflection factors without disadvantageously influencing the remaining electrical features, such as the transit damping of the circulator for example.
  • the invention is based on the realization that an improvement of the adaptation and an enlargement of the band width can be achieved by means of an increase in the input resistance of the gyromagnetic material.
  • This increase of the input resistance can be attained by an artificial decrease of the dielectric constant of the active portion, namely the gyromagnetic material.
  • the dielectric constant of the ferrite or garnet, respectively is prescribed particularly by their crystalline structure and their chemical compound.
  • the input resistance can be increased by a shifting of the dielectric constant, and the exploitable band width can be enlarged thereby, as is shown, by approximately 50 to [00 percent.
  • FIGURE is a sectional elevation of a circulator constructed in accordance with the invention.
  • a plate 1 of dielectric material for example a ceramic material
  • the connecting arms of the circulator are applied to the substrate in the form of conductor paths 4 on the upper surface of the plate 1 in a manner well known in the art.
  • the connecting arms are merged to form a line branching circuit.
  • On the opposite or bottom side of the substrate 1 a continuous metallized layer 3 is provided.
  • a recess e.g. a circular bore, is provided in the plate 1 and a disc 6 of gyromagnetic material is inserted into the recess in such a way that it completely fills the space thereof.
  • gyromagnetic mate- 3 rial As gyromagnetic mate- 3 rial, one may consider the utilization of known ferrite or garnet materials. ln order to create a constant magnetic field, a permanent magnet is employed which is located on the upper surface ofthe dielectric plate 1, that is on the side which carries the conductor paths 4.
  • a pair of pole pieces 2 and 2 are provided for the permanent magnet 10.
  • the pole pieces 2, 2 are arranged facing one another and are disposed concen trically with respect to the ferrite or garnet disc 6.
  • the pole pieces 2 and 2 consist of a magnetic material such as iron and are interconnected by a magnetically conductive member 8.
  • the pole pieces include. at least on the side which faces the conductor paths, a thin layer of electrically highly conductive material, for example, a silver layer.
  • the upper pole piece 2 can be connected in a highly conductive or low resistance manner with the conductor paths 4 and the lower pole piece 2 can enjoy the same type of connection with the continuous metallic layer 3.
  • the upper pole piece 2 acts as a line branching connection and the lower pole piece 2 functions as a connection of the continuous metallization 3. Both pole pieces operate to feed and render the constant magnetic field homogeneous adjacent to a gyromagnetic material 6.
  • the previously mentioned shifting of the dielectric constant of the gyromagnetic material 6 can be provided in such a way that an insert 7 is inserted between the pole piece 2 forming the line branching and the disc 6, which insert 7 consists of a dielectric material having a dielectric constant which is smaller than that of the gyromagnetic material 6.
  • the thickness of the insert 7 depends on the dielectric constant of the material employed and on the dielectric constant of the disc 6.
  • a material which has proven to be particularly useful for the insert 7 is a material which is sold under the trademark Teflon, whose relative dielectric constant is approximately 2.
  • a further increase of the input resistance of the circulator can be provided by the provision of an additional insert 7' between the pole shoe 2' and the continuous metallization 3 and the disc 6 of gyromagnetic material.
  • the upper insert 7 may be omitted completely and only the lower insert 7' be utilized.
  • the permanent magnet 10 is arranged on the side of the ceramic substrate 1 which carries the conductor paths 4.
  • the constant magnetic field can therefore be closed by way of a magnetic yoke 8, also consisting of magnetic material, whereby stray fields of the permanent magnet 10 which would otherwise cause interference are no longer effective.
  • the circulator can be arranged in this manner without diffi culties in close proximity to magnetically and electrically conductive parts, such as frames, braces or the 4 like, or close to magnetic elements, such as traveling wave tubes for example, without resulting in interfering reactions between the individual elements involved.
  • the M4 transformation line which are possibly required can be more highly resistant and therefore narrower and a smaller part of interfering longitudinal components of the microwave field is stimulated. Since an increase of the diameter of the ferrite or garnet is necessary in general because of the shifting of the dielectric constant of the gyromagnetic material, such a construction is particularly suitable for frequencies in the X band because the normally small diameter of the ferrite can be increased.
  • a circulator comprising a disc of gyromagnetic material, connecting arms for forming a branch line, said disc disposed in the zone of branching, said connecting arms constructed in accordance with microwave integrated circuit technique and comprising a plate of dielectric material surrounding said gyromagnetic disc, a continuous metal layer carried on a first side of said dielectric plate, separate connecting arm metal layers carried on the second side of said dielectric plate, a permanent magnet adjacent said disc on said second side of said dielectric plate, a first pole piece of magnetic material carrying a highly conductive metal coating disposed between said permanent magnet and said connecting arm layers and electrically connected to said connecting arm layers, a second pole piece carrying a highly conductive metal coating disposed adjacent and electrically connected to said continuous metal layer, a magnet yoke connecting said permanent magnet and said second pole piece, and an insert of dielectric material having a dielectric constant which is smaller than the dielectric constant of said gyromagnetic disc disposed between said first pole piece and said gyromagnetic disc.
  • a circulator according to claim 1 comprising a further insert of dielectric material having a dielectric constant which is smaller than the dielectric constant of said gyromagnetic disc disposed between said second pole piece and said gyromagnetic disc.

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  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
US409251A 1972-10-30 1973-10-24 Circulator with connecting arms designed in accordance with the MIC technique Expired - Lifetime US3922620A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2253175A DE2253175A1 (de) 1972-10-30 1972-10-30 Zirkulator mit in mic-technik ausgebildeten anschlussarmen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
USB409251I5 USB409251I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-28
US3922620A true US3922620A (en) 1975-11-25

Family

ID=5860424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US409251A Expired - Lifetime US3922620A (en) 1972-10-30 1973-10-24 Circulator with connecting arms designed in accordance with the MIC technique

Country Status (15)

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US (1) US3922620A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT336686B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE806742A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA995770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH559971A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2253175A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2204904B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1450803A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
HU (1) HU167845B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT999000B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU68709A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL154628B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PL (1) PL87136B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE394768B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA738292B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034377A (en) * 1976-02-17 1977-07-05 Epsilon Lambda Electronics Corporation Ferrite circulators and isolators and circuits incorporating the same
US4286135A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-08-25 Raytheon Company Compact microwave isolator
EP0100274A1 (fr) * 1982-07-27 1984-02-08 Alcatel Thomson Faisceaux Hertziens Dispositif d'adaptation et d'isolement comportant un circulateur à ferrites
US4789844A (en) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-06 Raytheon Company Broad-band non-reciprocal microwave devices
EP0446107A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Tekelec Airtronic Système de transmission d'énergie électrique, aux hyperfréquences, à effet gyromagnétique, tel que circulateur, isolateur ou filtre
US5653841A (en) * 1995-04-13 1997-08-05 Martin Marietta Corporation Fabrication of compact magnetic circulator components in microwave packages using high density interconnections
EP0948079A1 (en) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-06 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Nonreciprocal circuit device
RU2206941C1 (ru) * 2002-04-12 2003-06-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью АРГУС-ЭТ Микрополосковый циркулятор

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165711A (en) * 1960-06-10 1965-01-12 Bendix Corp Anisotropic circulator with dielectric posts adjacent the strip line providing discontinuity for minimizing reflections
US3324418A (en) * 1964-10-23 1967-06-06 Caswell Electronics Corp Switching circulator having slots extending from the pole pieces to the exterior of the housing to overcome the shorted-turn effect
US3456213A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-07-15 Rca Corp Single ground plane junction circulator having dielectric substrate
US3662291A (en) * 1970-06-19 1972-05-09 E & M Lab Waveguide ferrite circulator having conductive side of dielectric disc in contact with ferrite

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3466571A (en) * 1968-02-28 1969-09-09 Motorola Inc High peak power waveguide junction circulators having inductive posts in each port for tuning circulator

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3165711A (en) * 1960-06-10 1965-01-12 Bendix Corp Anisotropic circulator with dielectric posts adjacent the strip line providing discontinuity for minimizing reflections
US3324418A (en) * 1964-10-23 1967-06-06 Caswell Electronics Corp Switching circulator having slots extending from the pole pieces to the exterior of the housing to overcome the shorted-turn effect
US3456213A (en) * 1966-12-19 1969-07-15 Rca Corp Single ground plane junction circulator having dielectric substrate
US3662291A (en) * 1970-06-19 1972-05-09 E & M Lab Waveguide ferrite circulator having conductive side of dielectric disc in contact with ferrite

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034377A (en) * 1976-02-17 1977-07-05 Epsilon Lambda Electronics Corporation Ferrite circulators and isolators and circuits incorporating the same
US4286135A (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-08-25 Raytheon Company Compact microwave isolator
EP0100274A1 (fr) * 1982-07-27 1984-02-08 Alcatel Thomson Faisceaux Hertziens Dispositif d'adaptation et d'isolement comportant un circulateur à ferrites
US4789844A (en) * 1987-05-29 1988-12-06 Raytheon Company Broad-band non-reciprocal microwave devices
EP0446107A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-11 Tekelec Airtronic Système de transmission d'énergie électrique, aux hyperfréquences, à effet gyromagnétique, tel que circulateur, isolateur ou filtre
FR2659499A1 (fr) * 1990-03-09 1991-09-13 Tekelec Airtronic Sa Systeme de transmission d'energie electrique, aux hyperfrequences, a effet gyromagnetique, tel que circulateur, isolateur ou filtre.
US5153537A (en) * 1990-03-09 1992-10-06 Tekelec Airtronic Electric power transmission system for hyperfrequencies having a gyromagnetic effect
US5653841A (en) * 1995-04-13 1997-08-05 Martin Marietta Corporation Fabrication of compact magnetic circulator components in microwave packages using high density interconnections
EP0948079A1 (en) * 1998-03-30 1999-10-06 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Nonreciprocal circuit device
US6222425B1 (en) 1998-03-30 2001-04-24 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Nonreciprocal circuit device with a dielectric film between the magnet and substrate
RU2206941C1 (ru) * 2002-04-12 2003-06-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью АРГУС-ЭТ Микрополосковый циркулятор

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL87136B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-06-30
AT336686B (de) 1977-05-25
CA995770A (en) 1976-08-24
LU68709A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-08
GB1450803A (en) 1976-09-29
FR2204904B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-02-10
NL154628B (nl) 1977-09-15
CH559971A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-14
IT999000B (it) 1976-02-20
BE806742A (fr) 1974-02-15
ZA738292B (en) 1974-10-30
USB409251I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-28
ATA889773A (de) 1976-09-15
NL7314636A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-02
HU167845B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-12-25
DE2253175A1 (de) 1974-05-09
FR2204904A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-24
SE394768B (sv) 1977-07-04

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