US3920378A - Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations - Google Patents

Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3920378A
US3920378A US433653A US43365374A US3920378A US 3920378 A US3920378 A US 3920378A US 433653 A US433653 A US 433653A US 43365374 A US43365374 A US 43365374A US 3920378 A US3920378 A US 3920378A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
buoy
flue
conduit
gas
principal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US433653A
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English (en)
Inventor
Andre Castela
Gilles Susbielles
Xuong Nguyen Duc
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Priority claimed from FR7301512A external-priority patent/FR2214366A5/fr
Priority claimed from FR7305998A external-priority patent/FR2218800A6/fr
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Publication of US3920378A publication Critical patent/US3920378A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
    • E21B41/0071—Adaptation of flares, e.g. arrangements of flares in offshore installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
    • B63B22/20—Ballast means

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation.
  • a flue is provided for the combustion of the gas, which flue is supported at a buoy having a positive floatability in such a manner that the upper end of the flue is maintained above the level of the body of water during predetermined surface wave or billow conditions of the body of water, as well as during predetermined expected water current forces acting on the apparatus.
  • a principle flexible fluidtight conduit serves for simultaneously anchoring the buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation.
  • the buoy is immersed under the surface of the water so as to limit the effects of the billow thereon.
  • certain preferred embodiments include two buoys, one at the surface, and one submerged. Pilot or night lighting systems are provided which include a night light gas reservoir formed in one of the buoys.
  • Several preferred embodiments include additional annular shaped stabilizing elements attached to the'submerged buoys.
  • FIGA A first figure.
  • the present invention relates to a floating burner (lamp or torch) which permits carrying out the combustron of gas from a submarine petroleum installation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side schematic view of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side schematic view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side schematic view of further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of FIG. 4 which shows the immersed buoy equipped with a stabilizer element
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 represent in perspective various embodiments of the annular stabilizing element.
  • the lamp or torch comprises a flue or flame passage 1 consisting, for example, of a tube from special steel.
  • This flue is equipped with a static flame-stopping or flame-checking device 9 and is secured on the emerging portion of a floating buoy 2.
  • the attachment of the flue l on the buoy comprises, for example, a shrouding (guy or stay) for the reinforcement of the flue 1 against bending or flection stresses.
  • the length of the flue l is chosen in such a manner that the upper end thereof which is positioned at a distance L from the level of the water 3 will not be covered by the waves irrespective of the positioning asto assure the anchoring of the floating buoy 2 and to direct or forward the gas that must be burnt between the immersed petroleum installation and the torch flue.
  • the flexible conduit 4 being utilized preferably has, for exarii'ple but in a non-limitative manner, at least some afid preferably all of the following characteristic elements or features:
  • an armature for withstanding the pressure differences prevailing inside and outside the conduit consisting of at least one sheet or stratum formed by a helical winding, at short pitch, of a metallic profile having, for example, an S-shaped or Z-shaped cross section allowing for the clamping of adjacent turns;
  • an armature for withstanding the traction and/or flection stresses composed for example of two sheets or strata of wires, strands, or metallic profiles, being wound helically and in inverse directions along or following an important winding pitch, and
  • this casing or armoring consisting of a material such as a plastomer or an elastomer having a good behavior or holding power relative to the gases circulating in the conduit.
  • the lower end of the flexible conduit 4 is attached by any known means to an anchoring mass 5 resting on the bottom of the ocean, and this mass 5 may be a constituent element of the immersed petroleum installation (not shown) without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the device for fixing or securing the lower end of the conduit 4 allows for having the interior of conduit 4 communicate with a duct or line 6 placed on the bottom of the body of water and in which the gas flows that comes from the petroleum installation that must be burnt in the lamp or torch.
  • a lower hawsehole 7 which is integral with the anchoring mass 5 surrounds the lower end of the flexible conduit 4.
  • the upper end of the flexible conduit 4 is secured by any known means to the floating buoy 2, and this securing device or means causes the flexible conduit to communicate with the lower end of the flue 1.
  • An upper hawsehole 8 which is integral with the buoy 2 surrounds the upper end of the flexible conduit 4. This upper hawsehole 8, whose inner surface widens downwardly limits the deformations of the upper end of the conduit 4 when the latter is subjected to significant flection stresses.
  • the lower and upper hawseholes 7 and 8 may be integral with the ends of the flexible conduit 4 or with the devices for securing these ends in accordance with preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the length of the flexible conduit is at least equal to the depth H of the section of waterin which the lamp or torch is placed.
  • the form or shape is chosen for the buoy 2 that yields or produces the smallest or weakest dynamic anchoring reactions, and, as shown, this shape is preferably the form of a careened disk (frustrums of cones connected at their bases).
  • the buoy 2 is given a positive floatability, i.e. a floatability of a value greater than the sum of the weight of the flue, of the buoy, and of the apparent weight of the flexible conduit in the water, in such a manner that the torque forces tending to invert the buoy due to the action of wind or a marine current remains very much lower than the buoyancy torques for straightening the buoy.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates another embodiment of a floating lamp or torch as proposed by the present invention, equipped with night lights and lighting means.
  • the flue 1 Whose upper end is located at the distance L above the level of the water 3 is secured on a hollow buoy 2a having a positive floatability and which is immersed at a depth P sufficient for avoiding or limiting the actions or force effects of the billow (surface waves), while still allowing for the intervention of divers.
  • This buoy 2a is connected to the anchoring mass 5 resting on the bottom of the body of water by the flexible conduit 4 in the manner described above with respect to FIG. 1.
  • the buoy 2a is preferably given a spherical shape which offers or affords an essentially identical hold in all directions with respect to the marine currents (isotropy).
  • the flexible conduit 4 communicates directly with the flue 1 for the flow of the gas which must be burnt.
  • a second flexible conduit 4a is provided for connecting the duct or line 6 for the supply of gas to the interior volume of the buoy 2a. In this manner the buoy 2a may be used as gas reservoir.
  • the duct or line 4a has been disposed coaxially to the interior of the conduit 4.
  • a duct or line which has been schematically shown at 10 and whose one end is in communication with the interior of the buoy 2a while the other end thereof is positioned in the vicinity of the upper end of the flue 1, serves for supplying a night light (low burner, pilot light).
  • a lighting device or means schematically shown at 11 is carried by the immersed buoy 2a.
  • This device 11 which may be of any known type will not be described herein in detail. It is noted only that device 11 may preferably be of the type producing electric impulses producing sparks at the level of the night lights.
  • FIG. 3 schematically depicts a third embodiment according to the present invention in which the flue 1 is attached to or secured on a floating buoy 2 connected by a flexible conduit 4 to a hollow immersed buoy 2a, which buoy 2a is connected to the anchoring mass 5 resting on the bottom of the water by the flexible conduit 4.
  • the buoy 22 serves as reservoir for storing the gas supplying the night lights 10.
  • a flexible conduit 4a may be placed at the interior of the conduit 4 for separately supplying the buoy 2a with gas from the immersed petroleum installation.
  • the conduit 4 communicates directly with the flexi ble conduit 4' which itself is connected to the flue l.
  • a conduit 4a Placed preferably at the interior of the conduit 4', a conduit 4a connects the interior of the buoy 2a to the ducts or lines of the night lights 10.
  • the lighting and control device or means 1 l which is preferably of the type producing electric impulses is preferably secured on the immersed buoy 2a.
  • a conductor 12 placed at the interior of one of the conduits 4 or 4a transmits to the night light the electric impulses furnished by the device 1 l.
  • the lighting of the lamp or torch may be effected by a fuse.
  • the floating buoy night lights and lighting means such as those described in FIGS. 2 and 3 by using the floating buoy 2 as reservoir for the gas supplying the night light circuits and by giving to the flue a length sufficient in order that the temperature resulting from the combustion not be too high at the level of the buoy so as to make it possible for the intervention of a workman for actuating the lighting circuits.
  • the handling or manipulation of the device 11 or any other operation is to be effected by a diver.
  • Devices such as non-return flap valves, not shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, are provided on the buoy serving as reservoir for storing the gas supplying the night lights.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a modified embodiment relative to that illustrated in FIG. 2, in which, however, the night lights and lighting device has not been represented for the sake of greater clarity of illustration.
  • the floating burner is subjected to the effect of the billow, of the marine currents, and of the winds, which impose upon the floating burner vertical movements, or pounding or ramming movements, and/or rolling and pitching movements.
  • the floating burner according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises a stabilizing element 12 supported by the buoy 2a and disposed at a certain distance under the latter to which it is connected, for example by arms such as the three arms 13, 14 and 15.
  • This stabilizing element 12 which constitutes an equalizing means has an annular shape and forms a skirt surrounding the flexible conduit 4 (see FIG. 5).
  • the stabilizing element 12 will have as reduced as possible a transverse or horizontal cross section so as to minimize the action or effect of the vertical component of the billow on this stabilizing element.
  • this stabilizing element 12 By virtue of the existence of this stabilizing element 12, it is possible to reduce the horizontal cross section of the buoy 2a, and, consequently, to minimize the action of the vertical component of the billow thereon since this cross section decrease may be compensated for by an increase in the height of the buoy 2a so as to preserve for this buoy the same volume, which is to say, the same floatability, without jeopardizing the stability of the floating burner.
  • the increase in height of the buoy 2a results in an increased influence of the horizontal forces tending to include the burner, but the action of these forces is counterbalanced by the opposing action or effect of the horizontal forces being exerted on the lateral surface of the stabilizing element 12 since this element 12 and the buoy 2a are positioned on both sides of the horizontal rocking axis of the burner.
  • the stabilizing element 12 is preferably constituted by at least one skirt as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the stabilizing element is formed with other rotating surfaces (surfaces of revolution), for example in the form of truncated cones 12' (FIG. 6).
  • the stabilizing element 12" of FIG. 7 consists of at least one essentially annular skirt whose cross section is not a surface of revolution but has, a polygonal shape, particularly a square shape.
  • the stabilizing element of FIG. 8a Consists of two coaxial skirts 12, 12b connected by elements such as the crosspieces 16 so as to offer a minimum of hold or resistance to the vertical component of the billow.
  • plates 17, with orifices connect skirts 12a, 12b and also offer minimum resistance to the vertical component of the billow.
  • the stabilizing element of FIG. 9 includes at least two coaxial skirts 12a, 12b which allows for an optimum regulation or design control of the ratio e/h of the wall thickness of the stabilizing element to its height.
  • the positive floatability of the buoy 2a is chosen to be sufficient for keeping the flexible conduit 4 constantly under tension (this tension being compatible with the resistance of this conduit) despite the action of the billow periodically applying to the structure descending vertical forces.
  • the length of the conduit 4 is chosen in such a manner that the buoy 20 remains immersed even'for the'maximum hollow of the waves.
  • the inner radius of the annular stabilizing element 12 (12a, 12b, 12a, 12b) is chosen to be greater than the maximum spacing or distance between the flexible conduit 4 and the axis of this element at the level of the latter, corresponding to the maximal inclination of the burner on the horizontal under the action or effect of the currents as well as of the winds acting upon the emerging portion of the flue 1 so that the annular element 12 cannot come to be supported on-theflexible conduit 4 in the course of this inclination, which would eliminate any possibility of a restraightening of the burner.
  • conduits 4 and 4 may constitute a single conduit, the buoy 2a being integral with this conduit which either extends through it or passes by in the immediate vicinity thereof.
  • the buoy'2 FIG. 1
  • one and/or the other of the buoys 2 and 2a FIG. 3
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from asubmarine petroleum installation, said apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length at least equal to the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy floats on the water surface
  • conduit is flexible so as to accommodate movement of said buoy in response to a drop in the level of the body of water within which said buoy is floated.
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation, said apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal flexible fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length at least equal to the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy floats on the water surface
  • said apparatus further comprises a second buoy having a positive floatability which is immersed and is integrally connected with said principal flexible conduit.
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation, said apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue -maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal flexible fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length at least equal to the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy floatson the water surface
  • said apparatus further comprises a systemof night lights, lighting, and control means, wherein said system is supported by said buoy and wherein said buoy is hollow and constitutes a reservoir for storing gas for supplying the system of night lights.
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation, aid apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal flexible fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length smaller than the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy is immersed at a depth sufficient for protecting said buoy at least partially from the action of the billow
  • said apparatus further comprises a system of night lights, lighting, and control means, wherein said system is supported by said buoy and wherein said buoy is hollow and constitutes a reservoir for storing gas for supplying the system of night lights.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a system of night lights, lighting, and control means, wherein said second buoy is hollow and constitutes a reservoir for storing gas for supplying the system of night lights.
  • Appatatus according to claim 4 wherein the gas supplying said system of night lights comes from the submarine petroleum installation and is stored intermediately in the buoy forming said reservoir and which is equipped for this purpose with means for the supply with gas coming from the petroleum installation.
  • Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said means for supplying the reservoir-buoy with gas consist of an auxiliary fluid-tight flexible conduit which directly connects said reservoir-buoy with the submarine petroleum installation.
  • Apparatus according to claim 8 wherein said means for supplying the reservoir-buoy with gas consist of an auxiliary fluid-tight flexible conduit which directly connects said reservoir-buoy with the submarine petroleum installation.
  • Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said means for supplying the reservoir-buoy with gas consist of an auxiliary fluid-tight flexible conduit which directly connects said reservoir-buoy with the submarine petroleum installation.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 further comprising a stabilizing element constituting an equalizing means which is disposed under and supported by said second buoy, wherein said stabilizing element is essentially annular in shape and surrounds said principal conduit.
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation, said apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal flexible fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length at least equal to the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy floats on the water surface
  • said apparatus further comprises a stabilizing element constituting an equalizing means which is disposed under and supported by said buoy, and wherein said stabilizing element is essentially annular in shape and surrounds said principal conduit.
  • Floating burner apparatus for accommodating combustion of gas coming from a submarine petroleum installation, said'apparatus comprising:
  • a buoy having a positive floatability, said flue being secured to said buoy with the upper end of said flue maintained above the level of a body of water within which said buoy is floated, and
  • a principal flexible fluid tight conduit serving simultaneously for anchoring said buoy and for transferring gas from the submarine petroleum installation to said flue, one end of said principal conduit being secured to said buoy and communicating with said flue, the other end of said principal conduit being connected to anchoring apparatus at the bottom of the body of water and communicating with the submarine petroleum installation,
  • said principal conduit has a length smaller than the distance separating the bottom and the surface of the body of water in such a manner that said buoy is immersed at a depth sufficient for protecting said buoy at least partially from the action of the billow,
  • said apparatus further comprises a stabilizing element constituting an equalizing means which is disposed under and supported by said buoy, and
  • the stabilizing element is greater than the maximum distance and spacing of the principal conduit and the axis of the stabilizing element at the level of the latter under the effect of the horizontal components of the forces being exerted on the floating burner apparatus.
  • said stabilizing element comprises at least one skirt having a surface of revolution.
  • said stabilizing element comprises at least one skirt whose cross section has a polygonal shape.
  • said stabilizing element comprises at least one skirt whose cross section has a polygonal shape.
  • said stabilizing element comprises at least two coaxial skirts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
US433653A 1973-01-16 1974-01-16 Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations Expired - Lifetime US3920378A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7301512A FR2214366A5 (en) 1973-01-16 1973-01-16 Floating gas flare installation - for burning gases from underwater oil well installations, using gas transport pipe as anchoring means
FR7305998A FR2218800A6 (en) 1973-02-19 1973-02-19 Floating gas flare installation - for burning gases from underwater oil well installations, using gas transport pipe as anchoring means

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US3920378A true US3920378A (en) 1975-11-18

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US433653A Expired - Lifetime US3920378A (en) 1973-01-16 1974-01-16 Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations

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US (1) US3920378A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5719274B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1443246A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1006934B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7400550A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2414690A1 (fr) * 1978-01-11 1979-08-10 Straitz Iii John Torcheres immergees en mer
US4268245A (en) * 1978-01-11 1981-05-19 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Offshore-subsea flares
US5057004A (en) * 1990-07-17 1991-10-15 Mcallister Ian R Spray burn floating combustible material burner
CN103397865A (zh) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-20 大连理工大学 一种潜水浮力筒

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2894269A (en) * 1956-05-04 1959-07-14 Buoys Inc Off-shore gas flare line, and anchor and float therefor
US3652196A (en) * 1969-10-10 1972-03-28 Petroles Cie Francaise Floating torcher with permeable gas conduit for underwater oil fields
US3666395A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-05-30 Shell Oil Co Offshore gas flare apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2894269A (en) * 1956-05-04 1959-07-14 Buoys Inc Off-shore gas flare line, and anchor and float therefor
US3652196A (en) * 1969-10-10 1972-03-28 Petroles Cie Francaise Floating torcher with permeable gas conduit for underwater oil fields
US3666395A (en) * 1970-07-29 1972-05-30 Shell Oil Co Offshore gas flare apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2414690A1 (fr) * 1978-01-11 1979-08-10 Straitz Iii John Torcheres immergees en mer
US4268245A (en) * 1978-01-11 1981-05-19 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Offshore-subsea flares
US5057004A (en) * 1990-07-17 1991-10-15 Mcallister Ian R Spray burn floating combustible material burner
CN103397865A (zh) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-20 大连理工大学 一种潜水浮力筒

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7400550A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-18
JPS49102501A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-27
IT1006934B (it) 1976-10-20
GB1443246A (en) 1976-07-21
JPS5719274B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-04-21

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