US3919940A - Explosive-activated plug - Google Patents

Explosive-activated plug Download PDF

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Publication number
US3919940A
US3919940A US388754A US38875473A US3919940A US 3919940 A US3919940 A US 3919940A US 388754 A US388754 A US 388754A US 38875473 A US38875473 A US 38875473A US 3919940 A US3919940 A US 3919940A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
explosive
detonator
plug
charge
tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US388754A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Ploger
Lothar Stieding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3919940A publication Critical patent/US3919940A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
    • B23K20/08—Explosive welding
    • B23K20/085—Explosive welding for tubes, e.g. plugging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F11/00—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits
    • F28F11/02—Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits using obturating elements, e.g. washers, inserted and operated independently of each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49352—Repairing, converting, servicing or salvaging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49805—Shaping by direct application of fluent pressure
    • Y10T29/49806—Explosively shaping

Definitions

  • a pressurized water-coolant nuclear reactor installation provides useful heat by a water flow through the reactors pressure vessel and one or more heat exchangers of the tubular type.
  • the water-coolant is pressurized to prevent it from boiling and it is passed through the heat exchangers tubes which convert water into steam which can be used for power purposes.
  • the pressurized watercoolant is radioactive to some degree and it must not be permitted to come into contact with the water being converted to steam in the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is carefully constructed with its tubes and tube sheet made ofnick el-chromium, heat-resistant alloy, as exemplified by Inconel 600.
  • the tubes are subject to rigid inspections, and if one becomes faulty, the ends of that tube must be plugged to put it safely out of service.
  • the heat exchanger is usually the vertical type with a horizontal tube sheet in which an upstanding nest of U-shaped tubes are installed, the bottom of the heat exchanger's casing being constructed to feed the pressurized watercoolant into the U-shaped tubes at one end of the nest with the coolant exhausting at the other end.
  • this improved plug has a body made of the same alloy as the tube to be plugged, and having a blind bore extending into the body from its back end and its back end external portion being tapered to assure that that portion of the plug firmly welds to the tubes inside under the force resulting when the explosive is detonated, the exxplosive being positioned within the tapered portion.
  • the necessary detonator and the explosive are encased by non-metallic material, such as molded paper or plastic, to form a cartridge which after the plug body is inserted in the end ofa faulty tube, may be inserted in the bodys blind bore and, after firing, removed so that only the plug remains, welded to the tubes inside.
  • the present invention results from a study of the possible intergranular stress-corrosion trouble, and firing failures.
  • the present ivention solves the intergranular stresscorrosion trouble possibility by using compositions for both the detonator and the explosive which cannot possibly leave any lead after firing.
  • the detonator composition is diazodinitrophenol (C H N O and the explosive providing the plug-to-tube welding force is tetryl (C H N O Neither can leave lead deposits.
  • the cartridge is made more positively reliable concerning firing certainty by encasing both the detonator and the explosvie, each in cyclindrical form, together in a thin aluminum sheath or tube mechanically integrating the two parts, the tube being surrounded by the former molded paper or plastic cartridge casing.
  • Aluminum has been found to be so softly malleable or easily deformable as to not detract appreciably from the explosive force relied on to weld the plug body to the tubes inside, while being mechanically rigid enough to reliably position the tube parts.
  • the molded paper or plastic cartridge casing prevents the aluminum tube itself from welding to the inside of the plug body, the cartridge being as easily removed from the plug body after firing as it was when completely non-metallic in nature.
  • the numeral 2 designates the plug with its cartridge 3, the plug body 21 being largely cylindrical but having its back end 22 tapered with an angularity indicated at a of from 2 to 6.
  • the plug body is in this case made of Inconel 600, widely used in the construction of nuclear reactor pressurized water-coolant heat exchangers. Otherwise than for this tapered back end 22, the plug body has a diameter fitting slidably but snugly the inside of the tube T to be plugged.
  • the blind bore is shwon at 23, it extending for substantially the full length of the plug body. The latter has a somewhat sharply tapered front end for ease of initial insertion in the tube to be plugged.
  • the cartridge 3 is shown inserted in the plug body's blind bore and as being made of the molded paper or plastic, the cartridge having the tail piece 33 facilitating its insertion in the blind bore 23 after the plug body is inserted, it being understood that the plug body would normally be dimensioned to form a force fit with the tubes inside sufficient to keep the plug in position after its initial insertion.
  • the electric detonator wires 41 are shown as leading through the molded cartridge casing from the detonator shown at 44, the explosive charge 45 being located within the tapered back portion of the plug body. The body's tapered portion avoids using a shaped explosive charge, both the detonator 44 and the explosive charge 45 being cylindrical, and therefore easy to fabricate.
  • the new thin-walled aluminum tube is shown at 46, it being long enough to integrate the detonator and explosive charge mechanically.
  • the tube 46 is made of aluminum. After firing, the cartridge casing may be removed as easily as was the casing made completely of non-metallic parts, the aluminum tube not welding to the inside of the plug body. After firing, the plug body is welded to the inside of the tube as firmly as ever.
  • the detonator charge 44 is diazodinitrophenol (C,H,N,O,,) and the explosive charge is tetryl (C H N O Neither leave lead deposits.
  • a tube comprising part of a heat exchanger including tube parts made of nickel-chromium, heat-resistant alloy, said plug being made of a corresponding alloy as the nickel chromium alloy and shaped for a snug. slideable insertion in the tube end and having a longitudinally extending blind bore in which is removably positioned a cartridge including a detonator and an explosive, the cartridge including an explosive force-transmitting casing made of non-metallic material; wherein the improvement comprises an aluminum thin walled tubing mechanically integrating both said detonator and explosive, and said detonator and explosive having compositions which after combustion leave only leadfree deposits.
  • said thin walled tubing is a thin metal sleeve enclosing the detonator and explosive, said sleeve being inside of said force-transmitting casing made of non-metallic material.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
US388754A 1972-08-25 1973-08-15 Explosive-activated plug Expired - Lifetime US3919940A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2241753A DE2241753C3 (de) 1972-08-25 1972-08-25 Einrichtung zum Verschließen schadhafter Wärmetauscherrohre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3919940A true US3919940A (en) 1975-11-18

Family

ID=5854467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US388754A Expired - Lifetime US3919940A (en) 1972-08-25 1973-08-15 Explosive-activated plug

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3919940A (it)
JP (1) JPS5638876B2 (it)
BE (1) BE803881R (it)
CH (1) CH552186A (it)
DE (1) DE2241753C3 (it)
ES (1) ES418161A2 (it)
FR (1) FR2197154B2 (it)
GB (1) GB1430170A (it)
IT (1) IT1045378B (it)
NL (1) NL7310151A (it)
SE (1) SE409004B (it)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021907A (en) * 1974-09-16 1977-05-10 Explosive Metal Working Holland B.V. Method of sealing apertures in tube plates of heat exchangers using explosive plug
US4030419A (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Insert for explosively expanding a tube into engagement with a tube sheet
US4074630A (en) * 1976-02-27 1978-02-21 Explosive Metal Working Holland B.V. Methods and plugs to seal apertures in tube plates of heat exchangers provided with tube plates which are locally sealed with these methods and such plates
FR2370546A1 (fr) * 1976-11-16 1978-06-09 Fives Cail Babcock Procede et dispositif pour le refendage de brames coulees en continu
US4347790A (en) * 1979-07-11 1982-09-07 Cockerill And Centre De Technologies Nouvelles Explosive plug for blocking tubes
US4497676A (en) * 1982-11-01 1985-02-05 Kurtz Earl F Gunpowder substituted composition and method
US4513786A (en) * 1983-04-14 1985-04-30 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Mechanical tube plub
US4685205A (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-08-11 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Apparatus for forming an explosively expanded tube-tube sheet joint including a barrier tube
US4728376A (en) * 1982-11-01 1988-03-01 Golden Power Of Texas, Inc. Explosive composition and method
US4964929A (en) * 1986-11-27 1990-10-23 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Preparation of explosives containing degradation products of ascorbic or isoascorbic acid
US4997496A (en) * 1989-06-13 1991-03-05 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Explosive and propellant composition and method
US5566444A (en) * 1994-03-14 1996-10-22 Korea Heavy Industries & Construction Company Tube-plugging assembly
US7344610B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2008-03-18 Hodgdon Powder Company, Inc. Sulfur-free propellant compositions
US8967234B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2015-03-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Tube plug for a heat exchanger tube
US20220037043A1 (en) * 2020-07-29 2022-02-03 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Reactor and safety method for a reactor for the event of a meltdown of the core

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4113315A1 (de) * 1991-04-24 1992-10-29 Klaus Pomorin Rohrduebelpatrone
CN115950308A (zh) * 2023-02-15 2023-04-11 广州地铁集团有限公司 一种空气能膨胀岩石致裂系统及方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2212044A (en) * 1939-07-24 1940-08-20 Howard W Stepp Method and apparatus for perforating well casings
US3344510A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-10-03 Asahi Chemical Ind Line welding method for metals by explosives
US3785291A (en) * 1971-05-18 1974-01-15 Siemens Ag Device for closing off defective heat exchanger tubes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2212044A (en) * 1939-07-24 1940-08-20 Howard W Stepp Method and apparatus for perforating well casings
US3344510A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-10-03 Asahi Chemical Ind Line welding method for metals by explosives
US3785291A (en) * 1971-05-18 1974-01-15 Siemens Ag Device for closing off defective heat exchanger tubes

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4021907A (en) * 1974-09-16 1977-05-10 Explosive Metal Working Holland B.V. Method of sealing apertures in tube plates of heat exchangers using explosive plug
US4030419A (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-06-21 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Insert for explosively expanding a tube into engagement with a tube sheet
US4074630A (en) * 1976-02-27 1978-02-21 Explosive Metal Working Holland B.V. Methods and plugs to seal apertures in tube plates of heat exchangers provided with tube plates which are locally sealed with these methods and such plates
FR2370546A1 (fr) * 1976-11-16 1978-06-09 Fives Cail Babcock Procede et dispositif pour le refendage de brames coulees en continu
US4347790A (en) * 1979-07-11 1982-09-07 Cockerill And Centre De Technologies Nouvelles Explosive plug for blocking tubes
US4728376A (en) * 1982-11-01 1988-03-01 Golden Power Of Texas, Inc. Explosive composition and method
US4497676A (en) * 1982-11-01 1985-02-05 Kurtz Earl F Gunpowder substituted composition and method
US4513786A (en) * 1983-04-14 1985-04-30 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Mechanical tube plub
US4685205A (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-08-11 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Apparatus for forming an explosively expanded tube-tube sheet joint including a barrier tube
US4964929A (en) * 1986-11-27 1990-10-23 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Preparation of explosives containing degradation products of ascorbic or isoascorbic acid
US4997496A (en) * 1989-06-13 1991-03-05 Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. Explosive and propellant composition and method
US5566444A (en) * 1994-03-14 1996-10-22 Korea Heavy Industries & Construction Company Tube-plugging assembly
US7344610B2 (en) 2003-01-28 2008-03-18 Hodgdon Powder Company, Inc. Sulfur-free propellant compositions
US8967234B2 (en) 2010-11-15 2015-03-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Tube plug for a heat exchanger tube
US20220037043A1 (en) * 2020-07-29 2022-02-03 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Reactor and safety method for a reactor for the event of a meltdown of the core

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2241753B2 (de) 1981-02-26
SE409004B (sv) 1979-07-23
JPS5638876B2 (it) 1981-09-09
NL7310151A (it) 1974-02-27
DE2241753C3 (de) 1982-03-25
FR2197154A2 (it) 1974-03-22
JPS4959340A (it) 1974-06-08
DE2241753A1 (de) 1974-02-28
IT1045378B (it) 1980-05-10
ES418161A2 (es) 1976-05-01
GB1430170A (en) 1976-03-31
BE803881R (fr) 1973-12-17
FR2197154B2 (it) 1976-04-30
CH552186A (de) 1974-07-31

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