US3918399A - Spreading of particulate matter - Google Patents

Spreading of particulate matter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3918399A
US3918399A US283289A US28328972A US3918399A US 3918399 A US3918399 A US 3918399A US 283289 A US283289 A US 283289A US 28328972 A US28328972 A US 28328972A US 3918399 A US3918399 A US 3918399A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vanes
particulate matter
hollow cylinder
slot
cylinder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US283289A
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English (en)
Inventor
John Cuthbert Fox
Martin Richard Winterbottom
Michael Frank Culpin
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Publication of US3918399A publication Critical patent/US3918399A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C19/00—Apparatus specially adapted for applying particulate materials to surfaces
    • B05C19/001—Flocking

Definitions

  • the apparatus comprises a hollow cylinder having a slot extending along its effective length, and a rotatable member -located coaxially within the cylinder, the member having a plurality of vanes, each as long at least as the slot, the outer edges of the vanes being adjacent but not touching the inner wall of the cylinder and the vanes having a radially measured dimension less than the radius of the cylinder to define a central channel Within the member.
  • the invention relates to improvements in spreading small particles of material in a uniform manner onto a surface. More particularly the invention relates to a method, and apparatus, for spreading flock fibres uniformly onto a. substrate.
  • lt has previously been proposed to apply flock fibres onto a substrate to which adhesive has been applied by spreading an excess of said flock fibres onto the substrate and thereafter removing the excess flock fibres which have not adhered to the substrate, by a vacuuming technique.
  • lt has also been proposed to direct flock fibres onto a substrate by means of an electrostatic field.
  • the former method requires an initial substantially uniform distribution of flock fibres followed by costly vacuuming and, optionally, recirculation devices for coping with the excess flock applied to the substrate.
  • the final weight of flock adhered to the substrate using this method is determined by the quantity and distribution of adhesive.
  • the second method requires the generation and maintenance of a uniform electrostatic field and produces a product in which the flock fibres are aligned with their long axes at least substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate.
  • the object of flocking is principally to increase the opacity of the substrate, then such an arrangement of flock fibres is neither necessary nor desirable.
  • the invention provides in one of its aspects a process for the continuous uniform distribution of particulate matter onto a substrate advancing at a constant rate, comprising continuously forming a suspension of said particulate matter in a turbulent stream of gaseous fluid, and directing said suspension whilst maintaining turbulence in the gaseous fluid onto the said substrate at a constant mass flow rate.
  • the gaseous fluid will be air.
  • the apparatus for performing the above process comprises a hollow cylinder provided with a slot extending along its effective length and a member located coaxially within the cylinder and rotatable about its lengthwise axis comprising support means'extendin'g beyond the ends of said hollow cylinder and having mounted therebetween a plurality of vanes disposedwithin the said hollow cylinder, each vane extending along the entire effective length at least of said hollow cylinder, the outer edges of said vanes being adjacent but not touching the inner wall of said cylinder and said vanes having radially measured dimensions less than the internal radius of the hollow cylinder to define a central, cylindrical channel within the said member means for supplying particulate matter suspended in a turbulent stream of gaseous fluid at a constant rate to the said channel defined within said member, means for axially rotating said member at a uniform rate and means for advancing a substrate perpendicular to said slot in said hollow cylinder.
  • the apparatus is capable of uniformly distributing small quantities of particulate material over a large area. For example, we have distributed as little as 0.5 g of a-cellulos'e flock fibres uniformly over 1 square metre.
  • the apparatus is equally capable, however, of metering and distributing uniformly much larger quantities of particulate matter at high rates.
  • effective length of the first member we mean the width over which it is desired to deposit particulate matter.
  • the slot need not extend across the whole width of the first member. However, it is desirable that the length of the vanes should be at least as long as the slot.
  • vanes of the second member be mounted to support means at their desirable although frequently it will prove disirable to provide a number of strengthening and bracing means at spaced intervals along the length of the vanes.
  • the bracing means connect adjacent vanes and thereby serve to stiffen up the second member. Care must be taken, however, to ensure that the presence of the bracing means does not interfere with the uniform deposition of particulate matter and, therefore, we prefer to use the minimum of bracing means necessary to maintain the second member stable.
  • Advantage may lie in avoiding positioning the bracing means in planes perpendicular to the axis of the apparatus, since the presence of the bracing means may produce irregular distribution of the particulate matter on the substrate material which will be apparent as longitudinally extending stripes.
  • a uniform distribution may be obtained if a large number of bracing means positioned perpendicularly to the axis of the apparatus are employed, for example, if the bracing means are spaced at intervals of between 2and 8 cm apart along the length of the second member. The latter arrangement is preferred for reasons of ease of manufacture.
  • the clearance between the ends of the vanes of the second member and the inner walls of the enclosing first member should be as small as is practicable.
  • the number of vanes is an important factor in achieving uniform flock deposition and should not be less than 6, preferably not less than 16.
  • the vanes are symmetrically disposed around the axis.
  • the stability of the second member can be further increased by means of an axially situated shaft with the hollow channel, which shaft serves to link the vane support means.
  • the vanes may take a number of forms.
  • the vanes may be of plane rectanvshaped, with, for example, the thickness of the crosssection greater at the vane tip than towards the centre of the vane assembly.
  • the vanes may be curved in the planes perpendicular and/or parallel to the axis of the apparatus.
  • the vanes may be made of any material capable of resisting dimensional distortion under the loads experienced in operation and which are further safe in operation. Thus mild steel and fibrereinforced plastics are suitable materials.
  • the particulate matter is preferably supplied at as high a concentration in as small a quantity of air as is feasible for this reason a turboblower is preferred to a centrifugal fan as the fluid supply means.
  • Fluid for example air, supplied at presures of up to 0.35 Kgcm" are preferred, more preferably pressures between 0.05 and 0.2 Kg.cm and fluid flow rates of about 0.02 to 0.05 m. s are preferable.
  • the fluid should be supplied in a turbulent state, as opposed to a streamlined flow. Whilst there will be inequalities in the degree of turbulence, for example towards the edge of the ducting, it is an essential feature of our invention that turbulent conditions are maintained so that the particulate matter remains suspended in the stream of fluid. This is particularly important just before the suspended particles are deposited on the substrate.
  • a substantially uniform supply of particulate matter should be fed into the stream of turbulent fluid.
  • a conventional vibro-screw feeder is a convenient and satisfactory means of ensuring a uniform supply to the turboblower, the rate of supply being readily adjustable by adjustment of the speed of rotation of the screw.
  • the uniformity of supply of particulate matter may be improved by placing a vibrated gauze between the screw feed and the point at which the particulate matter enters the stream of gaseous fluid.
  • the apparatus of the invention is capable of uniform distribution across widths of up to about 2 metres.
  • the shaft with a suspension of particulate matter in gaseous fluid from both ends in which case it is desirable that the opposing streams are directed by baffles or otherwise, so that the one stream passes over or alongside the other, so that a direct meeting of the opposing streams to the centre of the second member is avoided.
  • the nature of the particulate matter and the substrate will obviously depend upon the type of product it is desired to make.
  • FIG. 1 shows the construction of the first and second member in perspective from below, the second member being partly withdrawn from the first member
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section through the assembled first and second member
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the use of the invention in the manufacture of a non-woven fabric.
  • First member 1 consists of a hollow tubular casing 3 having a longitudinally extending narrow slot 4.
  • Second member 2 comprises vanes 7 which are supported at their ends by support means (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for clarity), said support means being linked by means of axial shaft 5.
  • Bracing members 6 link adjacent vanes 7, to further support vanes 7 and thereby to improve the stability second member 2.
  • Vanes 7 extend outwardly radially and are arranged so 4 that a small clearance exists between the tips of vanes 7 and the inner wall of easing 3 (shown in FIG. 2);
  • Vanes 7 and bracing means 6 define a central channel 20 (shown in FIG. 2) which extends the length of second member 2.
  • Means (not shown) to supply particulate matter suspended in gaseous fluid to channel 20 are incorporated in at least one of the support means.
  • the support means (not shown) are provided with rotatable bearings (not shown) and drive means (not shown) whereby second member 2 may be rotated.
  • the assembled first and second members 1, 2 are supported by rigid stands 10 shown in the vicinity of advancing substrate 11.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically first member 1, stands 10, support means 8 of the second member, means 9 whereby particulate matter is supplied to the apparatus and thence to substrate 11.
  • Reference numeral 12 indicates a turbo-blower, which is connected by vibroscrew feed 13 to storage hopper 14. If the length of the apparatus of the invention is long, supply means 9, turbo-blower l2, vibro-screw feed 13 and hopper 14 may be duplicated at the other end of the apparatus as indicated in dotted lines. Alternatively a single screw feed 13 may feed both ends of the apparatus.
  • particulate material stored in hopper 14 is metered by vibro-screw feed 13 to turbo-blower 12 and thence into central channel 20 of second member 2 by way of supply means 9.
  • Second member 2 is rotated by, for instance, an electric motor and drive means (not shown).
  • the air-borne particulate matter passes from channel 20 into the volumes between vanes 7 and the inner surface of casing 3, and thence via slot 4 onto advancing substrate 11.
  • the web so produced which had a width of 1.0 m, was wound up on a roll, interleaved with tissue paper, and the roll was subsequently passed through an atmosphere of steam at 1.75 Kg.cm at a speed giving a residence time of some 5 secs, which treatment bonded the filaments of the web together by softening the nylon 6 sheath.
  • the bonded web was rewound as a roll, the interleaving tissue paper being discarded.
  • This roll of web was used as the feed stock for the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 4, reference numeral 20 indicating the roll of web, and reference numeral 21 the passage of the web as it was unwound from roll 20.
  • Base web 21 was passed between nip rolls 22, 23 at a speed of about 5 m. min roll 22 being a gravure roll contacting adhesive 25 contained in bath 26. Doctor blade 24 ensures even distribution of adhesive along the length of roll 22 and hence across the width of web 21.
  • the adhesive employed was a self-linking acrylic copolymer, designated Primal HA8, supplied by Lennig Chemicals Limited, emulsified in water to give about 50% solids.
  • the amount of solids applied to the web 21 by roll 22 was adjusted to about 2 g. m by further diluting the emulsion with water.
  • the base web coated with adhesive (designated 27) was advanced to a flocking station 28, comprising the apparatus of the present invention situated above (29) and below (30) web 27.
  • Flock fibres of a-cellulose having a nominal length of 0.3 cm were advanced from storage hoppers (not shown) via vibro-screw feeds 31, 31' into a stream of air at venturi 32, 32, said stream of air being supplied by turbo-blowers 33, 33 at a rate of 50 ft /min.
  • the air-borne flock fibres, which were supplied at a rate of 100 g. min were passed via pipe 9, 9' (shown schematically) to barrel 5,5 and was distributed uniformly by rotating vanes 7, 7' onto the adhesive coated base web 27 via slot 4, 4'.
  • the apparatus 29 and 30 comprised a cylindrical first member of length 110 cm and diameter 15.5 cm having a slot of width 0.65 cm.
  • the second 7 member in each case comprised 18 equispaced vanes mounted radially with respect to the axis.
  • the vanes were manufactured from mild steel sheet of 1.50 mm thickness and were supported by mild steel sheet bracing means spaced apart at 2.5 cm intervals.
  • the second member was rotated at 385 rpm.
  • the clearance between the vanes and the inner wall of the second member was nominally 0.6 cm.
  • the apparatus 29, 30 was enclosed within extraction hood 35, 35 and mild suction was applied to remove any surplus flock fibres which failed to contact the adhesive.
  • the flock fibres were thereby applied to the base web at a rate which gave 20 cm flock fibres on the web.
  • flocked web was passed through a hot dry zone 41 in which the adhesive was cured.
  • the zone 41 may be a hot air blower, radiant heaters or a hot air oven.
  • the residence time was about 2 minutes at a temperature of 140C.
  • web 40 is passed via idler and spreading rollers 45, 46 to wind-up means 50.
  • Apparatus for the uniform distribution of particulate matter on to a substrate advancing at a uniform rate comprising an elongated hollow cylinder provided with a slot extending along its effective length; a member located coaxially within the cylinder and rotatable about its lengthwise axis, said member comprising support means extending beyond the ends of said hollow cylinder and having mounted therebetween a plurality of vanes disposed within said hollow cylinder, each of said vanes extending along the entire effective length of said hollow cylinder, the outer edges of said vanes being adjacent but not touching the inner wall of said cylinder, said vanes having radially measured dimensions less than the internal radius of the hollow cylinder to define a central, cylindrical channel within said member; means for supplying particulate matter suspended in a turbulent stream of gas
  • bracing means extending between adjacent vanes are provided at intervals along the length of the said member.
  • bracing means are set at angles to planes perpendicular to the lengthwise axis of said member.
  • bracing means are set perpendicularly to the lengthwise axis of said second member and at intervals of between 2 and 8 cm.
  • vanes are manufactured of a fibre-reinforced plastic material.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for supplying particulate matter comprises a hopper and a vibrated screw feed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
US283289A 1971-08-25 1972-08-24 Spreading of particulate matter Expired - Lifetime US3918399A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3984171A GB1409241A (en) 1971-08-25 1971-08-25 Spreading of particulate matter

Publications (1)

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US3918399A true US3918399A (en) 1975-11-11

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US283289A Expired - Lifetime US3918399A (en) 1971-08-25 1972-08-24 Spreading of particulate matter

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US3918399A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS4828770A (OSRAM)
AU (1) AU468192B2 (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA997925A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2241959A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2151408A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1409241A (OSRAM)
IT (1) IT964273B (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7211621A (OSRAM)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4906104A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-03-06 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Agitating and supplying device and a mold for molding same
DE3937983A1 (de) * 1989-11-15 1991-05-16 Lsg Loet Und Schweissgeraete G Verfahren zur foerderung von feinstpulvern <= 0,5 um zur beschickung von plasmaspritz- und plasmabehandlungseinrichtungen
US5146868A (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-09-15 Kirk Cecil K Self contained recirculating powdering a vacuuming assembly
WO1999042288A1 (en) * 1997-09-16 1999-08-26 Kenneth Bibby Method and apparatus for laying a granular pattern
US6790797B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2004-09-14 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Insulating and footwear system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0097011A3 (en) * 1982-06-14 1984-02-08 Rudolf Buechler Fluid entrainment of fibrous material
FR2553392B1 (fr) * 1983-08-09 1988-11-04 Saint Gobain Isover Technique de soufflage de materiaux fibreux
FR2557817B1 (fr) * 1984-01-06 1988-04-08 Saint Gobain Isover Soufflage de materiaux fibreux foisonnants

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1657980A (en) * 1925-08-10 1928-01-31 Sargents Sons Corp C G Machine for cleaning and blending stock
US2014947A (en) * 1934-09-20 1935-09-17 Rayon Proc Co Coating
US2020319A (en) * 1931-12-31 1935-11-12 Pocono Company Method and apparatus for suede surfacing fabrics
US2209113A (en) * 1937-08-24 1940-07-23 Warmetechnische Ges Frankfurt Moistening device for web materials
US2681637A (en) * 1950-12-04 1954-06-22 Masonite Corp Coating apparatus for applying a resin in particulate form
US3147144A (en) * 1962-05-01 1964-09-01 Rohm & Haas Apparatus for dusting tacky filaments with powder
US3230105A (en) * 1961-10-02 1966-01-18 Rheem Mfg Co Method and apparatus for applying a material to a body
US3299853A (en) * 1964-01-16 1967-01-24 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for coating elongated objects
US3426729A (en) * 1967-05-25 1969-02-11 Indev Inc Apparatus for flocking articles
US3678894A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-07-25 Indev Inc Flocking

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1657980A (en) * 1925-08-10 1928-01-31 Sargents Sons Corp C G Machine for cleaning and blending stock
US2020319A (en) * 1931-12-31 1935-11-12 Pocono Company Method and apparatus for suede surfacing fabrics
US2014947A (en) * 1934-09-20 1935-09-17 Rayon Proc Co Coating
US2209113A (en) * 1937-08-24 1940-07-23 Warmetechnische Ges Frankfurt Moistening device for web materials
US2681637A (en) * 1950-12-04 1954-06-22 Masonite Corp Coating apparatus for applying a resin in particulate form
US3230105A (en) * 1961-10-02 1966-01-18 Rheem Mfg Co Method and apparatus for applying a material to a body
US3147144A (en) * 1962-05-01 1964-09-01 Rohm & Haas Apparatus for dusting tacky filaments with powder
US3299853A (en) * 1964-01-16 1967-01-24 Amsted Ind Inc Apparatus for coating elongated objects
US3426729A (en) * 1967-05-25 1969-02-11 Indev Inc Apparatus for flocking articles
US3678894A (en) * 1969-12-24 1972-07-25 Indev Inc Flocking

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4906104A (en) * 1987-03-03 1990-03-06 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Agitating and supplying device and a mold for molding same
DE3937983A1 (de) * 1989-11-15 1991-05-16 Lsg Loet Und Schweissgeraete G Verfahren zur foerderung von feinstpulvern <= 0,5 um zur beschickung von plasmaspritz- und plasmabehandlungseinrichtungen
US5146868A (en) * 1990-10-23 1992-09-15 Kirk Cecil K Self contained recirculating powdering a vacuuming assembly
WO1999042288A1 (en) * 1997-09-16 1999-08-26 Kenneth Bibby Method and apparatus for laying a granular pattern
US6790797B1 (en) * 1999-04-15 2004-09-14 Invista North America S.A.R.L. Insulating and footwear system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4600272A (en) 1974-02-28
NL7211621A (OSRAM) 1973-02-27
AU468192B2 (en) 1976-01-08
DE2241959A1 (de) 1973-03-15
JPS4828770A (OSRAM) 1973-04-16
GB1409241A (en) 1975-10-08
FR2151408A5 (OSRAM) 1973-04-13
CA997925A (en) 1976-10-05
IT964273B (it) 1974-01-21

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