US3915160A - Apparatus for exerting forces and/or torques on the human spine - Google Patents

Apparatus for exerting forces and/or torques on the human spine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3915160A
US3915160A US473554A US47355474A US3915160A US 3915160 A US3915160 A US 3915160A US 473554 A US473554 A US 473554A US 47355474 A US47355474 A US 47355474A US 3915160 A US3915160 A US 3915160A
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United States
Prior art keywords
forces
fastener
exerting
vertabra
force
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Expired - Lifetime
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US473554A
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English (en)
Inventor
Freerk Lode
Christiaan J Snijders
Jan Gerardus Nicolaas Snijder
Antonius Wilhelmus M Schijvens
Jan Mathijs Seroo
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LODE INSRUMENEN BV
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LODE INSRUMENEN BV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61H—PHYSICAL THERAPY APPARATUS, e.g. DEVICES FOR LOCATING OR STIMULATING REFLEX POINTS IN THE BODY; ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION; MASSAGE; BATHING DEVICES FOR SPECIAL THERAPEUTIC OR HYGIENIC PURPOSES OR SPECIFIC PARTS OF THE BODY
    • A61H1/00—Apparatus for passive exercising; Vibrating apparatus; Chiropractic devices, e.g. body impacting devices, external devices for briefly extending or aligning unbroken bones
    • A61H1/02—Stretching or bending or torsioning apparatus for exercising
    • A61H1/0218—Drawing-out devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7074—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling
    • A61B17/7076—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation
    • A61B17/7077—Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling for driving, positioning or assembling spinal clamps or bone anchors specially adapted for spinal fixation for moving bone anchors attached to vertebrae, thereby displacing the vertebrae
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7047—Clamps comprising opposed elements which grasp one vertebra between them

Definitions

  • Apparatus consisting of a fastener or clamp, adapted pp to be mounted on a vertebra of a spine, said fastener [63] fgg s of comprising a rod extending mainly perpendicular to a an oned' the spine, means being provided for exerting a force at one or at two different locations on said rod for creating a resultant force or a torque upon Said vertebra [58] Field of Search 128/69, 83, 92 E, 92 EA 10 Claims, 10 Drawing Figures U.S. Patent Oct.'28, 1975 Sheet 1 on 3,915,160
  • the human spine consists of hard and soft parts constituting a unit in mechanical respect.
  • the hard parts or vertebrae are provided with projections, the shape and dimensions of which are depending on the spines location.
  • the soft parts consist of the intervertebral discs which on the one hand firmly interconnect the adjacent vertebrae and on the other hand allow a considerable mobility in between the vertebrae.
  • the mobility of two adjacent vertebrae with respect to each other can be subdivided into the following two movements:
  • Position faults of the vertebrae occur regularly. Some examples thereof are:
  • Vertebrae shifting (Spondyclisthesis) which may be attended with an axial rotation
  • My invention aims to provide an apparatus for exerting forces and/or torques on the human spine such that these forces are exactly applied to the correct location, act in the correct direction and therefore can be limited to a minimal value.
  • the invention is based on the book On the form of the Human Thoracolumbar Spine and some Aspects of its mechanical Behaviour by Dr. Ir. C. J. SNIJDERS, in which the fundamentals are laid for the analysis of the mechanical conduct of the spine.
  • My invention particularly seems to provide apparatus enabling to exert for a rather long time, forces and torques in the correct direction and of the correct value through the skin, directly on one or more vertebrae.
  • the apparatus thereto comprises:
  • At least one power source disposed in this frame and means by which on. at least one vertebrae a force is exerted transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the spine.
  • My invention particularly provides apparatus which is distinguished in that the means for exerting a force consists of at least a rod-shaped fastener which can be connected with a vertebrae, while means can be applied to that member for simultaneously exerting various forces.
  • Each fastener lends itself for exerting two forces which are applied at different locations, for generating in that manner the transverse force and/or the torque required for the position correction aimed at.
  • the apparatus is constructed in such a way that the means for exerting forces on each fastener are connected with the forces via a balancing mechanism. This bears upon the safety of the apparatus, for, if one of the forces fails (e.g. owing to a fracture in the transmission device such as a rope), a sudden change in the condition of load might occur, which could damage the spinal marrow.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a vertebra and a fastener in combination with a frame including a balancing mechanism
  • FIGS. 2-4 give three pictures of the various torques which may be produced.
  • FIGS. -7 show three views of a thoracic fastener.
  • FIGS. 8-10 show three views of a lumbal fastener.
  • FIG. 1 shows a theracic vertebrae 1 consisting of the body 2 with the arch 3, leaving a space 4 for the spinal marrow. There are furthermore two laterally directed projections 5 (processus transversi) and one backwardly directed projection 6 (processus spinosus). A fastener or clamp 7 is applied to the projections 5 and 6, the clamp being provided with a rod 8 extending perpendicularly to the vertebra 1.
  • FIG. 1 relates to the condition in which a transverse force R and a torque M should be exerted on the vertebra 1.
  • the shape of the fastener or clamp 7 can be adapted to the shape of the vertebrae concerned.
  • a lumbar clamp which is applied about the arch 3 and the projections 5 and 6.
  • the apparatus according to my invention is suitable for generating transverse forces both in the plane through the back of the patient and perpendicular thereto. The same applies to the generation of torques the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular tothe centre line of the spine and which can lie in the plane of the back or extend perpendicular thereto.
  • the apparatus also is schematically shown in FIG. 1.
  • the frame 14 shown as being perpendicular to the human body 15, is in the preferred embodiment parallel to the back of the body.
  • the frame 14 of the apparatus which may have a rectangular shape, is secured to the patient by means of e.g. the MILWAUKEE-corset 16 (very schematically shown in FIG. 1).
  • the MILWAUKEE-corset 16 (very schematically shown in FIG. 1).
  • one or more power sources 10 are disposed in the apparatus as well as one or more balancing mechanisms embodied as one or a number of wheels 11 (not fixed to the frame 14) working as pulleys.
  • the power source consists of a spring or a tension spring.
  • the forces (F ,F are transmitted to the rod 8 of the fasteners 7 by means of wires 12 and wheels 13, which wheels 13 are supported by the frame 14.
  • the fastener (shown in a thoracic fastener 7) is fixed operative to the protuberance (processus transversi proceedings spinosus) 5 of the vertebra 1 under the skin of a human body 15.
  • the fastener 7 is not fixed to the frame 14, the mentioned advantage of safety of the apparatus appears.
  • FIG. 2 shows how a particular bending torque curve (bending torque Mb where M stands for torque or moment and b stands for bending) is approximated in which case no transverse force need to be exerted on the vertebrae.
  • FIG. 3 represents a more complicated situation in which the bending torque curve does not begin and end with a naught value (constant bending torque Mbo where M stands for moment or torque, b stands for bending, and 0 stands for constant).
  • M constant bending torque
  • b bending
  • 0 constant bending torque
  • M torsional torque
  • FIG. 4 The generation of a torsional torque (M,, where M stands for moment or torque and t stands for torsional) is represented in FIG. 4 in which the dotted line represents the value to be strived after and the full line the torque which can be applied by means of the apparatus according to the invention.
  • the latter figure illustrates that the resulting torque is naught since 380 Nmm 330 Nmm is equal to 260 Nmm 450 Nmm, where N stands for Newtonmeter X 10*.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 a rod 21 and fixing plates 22, 23 joined together by means of bolts 24 are shown.
  • a movable part 25 can be fixed to a plate 26, in which an oblong hole 27 is made.
  • a bowl-shaped part On the bottem of the movable part 25 a bowl-shaped part can be pushed around the permite spinosus.
  • a rod 21 is joined with two fixing plates 29, 30. The said plates partly curved, can hook around the arch of a vertebra and the permite spinosus and can be fixed by means of bolts 31 to a vertebra as well as to the rod 21.
  • This fastener can by a surgeon very easily be introduced under the skin of a human body and fixed to a vertebra.
  • Apparatus for exerting forces and/or torques on the human spine comprising a frame adapted to be carried on the body of an individual and to bear externally thereon, at least one power source carried in said frame, and means operatively connected to said power source and extending into the body of the individual, said means being adapted to be connected to at least one vertabra for exerting a force thereon transverse to the longitudinal center line of the spine.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the means for exerting a force consist of at least one rodshaped fastener which can be connected with a vertabra, while means can be applied to this member for simultaneously exerting various forces.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 the means for exerting the forces on each fastener being connected via a balancing mechanism with the power source.
  • the balancing mechanism consists of some wheels and of chains or wires which run over the said wheels and are connected to the power source.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 in which the means for exerting forces on each fastener allow a stepwise increase of the various forces in such a manner that each of the forces is equal to one time, or a number of times the smallest force.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Therapy (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
US473554A 1972-03-03 1974-05-28 Apparatus for exerting forces and/or torques on the human spine Expired - Lifetime US3915160A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7202840A NL7202840A (OSRAM) 1972-03-03 1972-03-03

Publications (1)

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US3915160A true US3915160A (en) 1975-10-28

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Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3915160A (OSRAM)
CA (1) CA999200A (OSRAM)
CH (1) CH551787A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2315593A1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1409675A (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7202840A (OSRAM)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4505268A (en) * 1983-02-17 1985-03-19 Vicente Sgandurra Scoliosis frame
US4570618A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-02-18 Henry Ford Hospital Intervertebral body wire stabilization
US5094228A (en) * 1990-07-19 1992-03-10 Reinert Otto C Apparatus for treatment of the back
US20040097931A1 (en) * 2002-10-29 2004-05-20 Steve Mitchell Interspinous process and sacrum implant and method
US20040102792A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-05-27 Sarin Vineet Kumar Non-imaging tracking tools and method for hip replacement surgery
US20070191831A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-16 Depuy Spine, Inc. System and method for cooling a spinal correction device comprising a shape memory material for corrective spinal surgery
US8414614B2 (en) 2005-10-22 2013-04-09 Depuy International Ltd Implant kit for supporting a spinal column
US8425563B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2013-04-23 Depuy International Ltd. Spinal rod support kit
US8430914B2 (en) 2007-10-24 2013-04-30 Depuy Spine, Inc. Assembly for orthopaedic surgery

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1424884A (en) * 1921-01-12 1922-08-08 Deane Granville May Clamp

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1424884A (en) * 1921-01-12 1922-08-08 Deane Granville May Clamp

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4505268A (en) * 1983-02-17 1985-03-19 Vicente Sgandurra Scoliosis frame
US4570618A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-02-18 Henry Ford Hospital Intervertebral body wire stabilization
US5094228A (en) * 1990-07-19 1992-03-10 Reinert Otto C Apparatus for treatment of the back
US20040102792A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-05-27 Sarin Vineet Kumar Non-imaging tracking tools and method for hip replacement surgery
US8002772B2 (en) * 2002-08-09 2011-08-23 Kinamed, Inc. Non-imaging tracking tools and method for hip replacement surgery
US20040097931A1 (en) * 2002-10-29 2004-05-20 Steve Mitchell Interspinous process and sacrum implant and method
US7833246B2 (en) * 2002-10-29 2010-11-16 Kyphon SÀRL Interspinous process and sacrum implant and method
US8414614B2 (en) 2005-10-22 2013-04-09 Depuy International Ltd Implant kit for supporting a spinal column
US8425563B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2013-04-23 Depuy International Ltd. Spinal rod support kit
US20070191831A1 (en) * 2006-01-26 2007-08-16 Depuy Spine, Inc. System and method for cooling a spinal correction device comprising a shape memory material for corrective spinal surgery
US8348952B2 (en) 2006-01-26 2013-01-08 Depuy International Ltd. System and method for cooling a spinal correction device comprising a shape memory material for corrective spinal surgery
US8430914B2 (en) 2007-10-24 2013-04-30 Depuy Spine, Inc. Assembly for orthopaedic surgery

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2315593A1 (de) 1974-10-24
NL7202840A (OSRAM) 1973-09-06
CA999200A (en) 1976-11-02
CH551787A (de) 1974-07-31
GB1409675A (en) 1975-10-15

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