US3914876A - Fluidized bed apparatus - Google Patents

Fluidized bed apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914876A
US3914876A US443789A US44378974A US3914876A US 3914876 A US3914876 A US 3914876A US 443789 A US443789 A US 443789A US 44378974 A US44378974 A US 44378974A US 3914876 A US3914876 A US 3914876A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
carrier
treatment channel
bed
compacts
channel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US443789A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas George Callcott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd
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Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • B01J8/36—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed through which there is an essentially horizontal flow of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/16—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form
    • C10B49/20—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form
    • C10B49/22—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This specification discloses improvements in fluidized bed apparatus of the type including a treatment channel adapted to contain a bed of particulate material, means at one end of the treatment channel for feeding compacts into the bed of carrier, means for fluidizing the bed of carrier in such a manner as will result in the transport of carrier and compacts to the other end of the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the withdrawal of carrier from the treatment channel, means for reheating and/or mixing the carrier withdrawn from the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the return of carrier from said reheating and/or mixing means to the treatment channel, and means at the other end of the treatment channel for discharging compacts and/or carrier from the treatment channel, and wherein the reheater/mixer is located at an elevated position relative to the treatment channel and the carrier withdrawal means discharge into a carrier collector bin to which is connected a pneumatic
  • This invention relates to a fluidized bed apparatus, and more particularly to improvements in the apparatus described in co-pending Application Ser. No. 317,765.
  • the preferred form of apparatus described in the specification of the above application includes a treatment channel containing a fluidized bed of sand and a sand reheater located adjacent the treatment channel, the sand being transferred from reheater to treatment channel and vice versa by fluidized downcomers and downcomer/sand lifters alternating along the division between the treatment channel and reheater. After being heated or otherwise treated in the apparatus, the products are discharged for further treatment. In the case of coal briquettes, the semi-coked briquettes are fully coked in a shaft furnace.
  • the invention provides in a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a treatment channel adapted to contain a bed of particulate carrier, means at one end of the treatment channel for feeding compacts into the bed of carrier, means for fluidizing the bed of carrier in such a manner as will result in the transport of carrier and compacts to the other end of the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the withdrawal of carrier from the treatment channel, means for reheating and/or mixing the carrier withdrawn from the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the return of carrier from said reheating and/or mixing means to the treatment channel, and means at the other end of the treatment channel for discharging compacts and/or carrier from the treatment channel; the improvement comprising said means for reheating and/or mixing the carrier withdrawn from the treatment channel being located at an elevated position relative to said treatment channel, and a carrier collector/lifter common to at least a plurality of said withdrawal means for returning the carrier to said reheater and/or mixer means.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional end elevation through the apparatus at one sand introducing downcomer
  • FIG. la is a sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 taken along lines A--A of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar elevation at one sand withdrawal downcomer and schematically showing part of the sand collection means
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional side elevation through the reheater and schematically showing the collection means and the sand lifter.
  • the sand reheater l is located at an elevated position with respect to the treatment channel 2, both of which are similar in principle to the same parts of said co-pending application, being fluidized by gas distributor pipes 4.
  • the treatment channel 2 has a product and cool sand introduction section 5 (FIG. 3) similar in principle to the alternative arrangement described in said co-pending application. Details described in said co-pending application have been omitted from the present drawings and it is to be understood that the apparatus is basically the same except for the position of the reheater l and the means by which sand is transferred.
  • the side wall 6 of the channel 2 extends upwardly to define one side wall 7 of the reheater 1.
  • the walls 6 and 7 are formed with a downcomer passage 8.
  • the passage 8 extends from the top of wall 7 to the position in wall 6 adjacent the floor of channel 2.
  • a sand entry opening 9 to the reheater 1 is formed in wall 7 while an exit opening 10 to the bed is formed in wall 6.
  • Both openings can be inspected through ports P, as can passage 8, and a gas distributor pipe 11 extends through the bottom port to fluidize the downcomer passage 8 between openings 9 and 10.
  • sand is transferred by fluidized dense phase flow between the reheater 1 and the channel 2 via the downcomer when the downcomer 8 and the bed in the treatment channel 2 are fluidized.
  • the side wall 6 of the channel is also formed with downcomer passages 12 at a plurality of positions along the bed, alternating with passages 8.
  • a sand entry opening 13 into the bed is formed in the wall 6, and again an inspection port P is provided.
  • Each passage 12 opens through the bottom of the side wall 6 where it is connected to a pipe 14.
  • the pipes 14 discharge through a fluidized valve V to a collector trough 15 that is formed with weir windows 16 at each pipe position.
  • a fluidized valve V When the fluidized valve V is activated, sand flows through weir windows 16 and into a fluidized sand slide 17.
  • the slide 17 terminates at a weir 18 over which the sand is discharged into a bin 19.
  • the sand is then returned to the reheater 1 via a pneumatic lifter tube 20.
  • the sand feed into the lifter is by fluidized dense phase vertical pipe flow and out of it by lean phase pneumatic transport.
  • the sand travels vertically in the sand lifting pipe by lean phase pneumatic transport and then changes to horizontal lean phase pneumatic transport before returning to the reheater chamber 1.
  • the apparatus described above was simulated by means of an experimental rig which verified the sand ciculation system shown in the drawings.
  • the test rig incorporated an automatic temperature activated control mechanism for the equivalents of downcomers 8 and 12.
  • the fluidizing gases in the channel 2, downcomers l2 and air slide 17, as well as the briquette volatile gases from channel 2 were exhausted by a cyclone system.
  • a similar cyclone system was provided for the gases from the reheater downcomers 8 and sand lifter 20.
  • Means may be provided in or near the tube 20 for reheating the sand as it is lifted.
  • a fuel may be combusted with part of the lifting air in the lifter 20 while the sand is pneumatically lifted to reduce the heating necessary in the reheater.
  • one or more lifters 20 may be arranged to heat the sand as above while others simply lift the cool sand. The two sands would then be intimately admixed in the fluidized reheater. It may be possible to reheat the sand sufficiently in the lifters, the reheater 1 then being used only as a mixer.
  • the reheater may then be operated at a lower temperture, for example 550 to 750C, preferably 650C, than is possible when the reheater is used as such, e.g. 700 to 800C. In this way requirements on structural materials are eased. Part of the cool and/or reheated sand may be discharged from the lifters to the feed section of channel 2.
  • the positioning of the reheater as shown allows access to the downcomers at the inlet and outlet positions. This was not possible with the apparatus of said co-pending application. It will also be appreciated, that independently of the position of the reheater, the downcomer sand lifter arrangement offers advantages over the arrangement described in said copending application in that greater control over sand flow is possible. Furthermore a better balance between supply and removal of carrier to and from the channel is possible through the use of downcomers for both operations.
  • the reheater 1 need not be arranged at the side of the channel 2 as shown but may be more or less directly above the channel 1, the flue F for off-gas in the channel 2 extending between a space between the channel and reheater.
  • a battery of two or more of the described arrangements may be arranged in use at either side of the mouth of a shaft furnace for delivering semi-coked briquettes thereto.
  • the sand lifters may discharge into more than one reheater or into a large single reheater arranged above the battery of treatment channels.
  • the inspection ports for the outermost channels reheater combinations may be directed outwardly while inspection of the inner downcomers may be achieved from the top ports P.
  • introducing and withdrawal means may be arranged on either or both sides of the channel 2 and/or reheater 1 with a single reheater servicing two adjacent channels.
  • a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a treatment channel adapted to contain a bed of particulate carrier, means at one end of the treatment channel for feeding compacts into the bed of carrier, means for fluidizing the bed of carrier in such a manner as will result in the transport of carrier and compacts to the other end of the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the withdrawal of carrier from the treatment channel, carrier temperature changing means for changing the temperature of the carrier withdrawn from the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the return of carrier from said carrier temperature changing means to the treatment channel, and means, different from said withdrawal means, at the other end of the treatment channel for discharging compacts and/or carrier from the treatment channel; the improvement comprising said carrier temperature changing means being located at an elevated position relative to said treatment channel and a carrier collector/lifter means common to at least a plurality of said withdrawal means for returning the withdrawn carrier to said carrier temperature changing means.
  • said carrier lifter means comprises a pneumatic lifter tube and means are provided for reheating the carrier as it is lifted to the carrier temperature changing means.
  • said carrier returning means comprise a plurality of generally vertical downcomers fluidized to cause fluidized dense phase flow of the carrier in said downcomers.
  • downcomers comprise passages in a side wall of said carrier temperature changing means and a side wall of said treatment channel, said side walls being formed as a common wall.
  • said carrier collector/lifter means includes a carrier slide into which said withdrawal means discharge, and a carrier collection bin arranged at the outlet end of said slide.
  • carrier withdrawing means comprise generally vertical downcomers fluidized to cause fluidized dense phase flow in said downcomers by means of a fluidized valve near the outlet ends of said downcomers.
  • a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a treatment channel adapted to contain a bed of particulate carrier, means at one end of the treatment channel for feeding compacts into the bed of carrier, means for fluidizing the bed of carrier in such a manner as will result in the transport of carrier and compacts to the other end of the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the withdrawal of carrier from the treatment channel, temperature changing means for changing the temperature of the carrier withdrawn from the treatment channel, a plurality of means for the return of carrier from said temperature changing means to the treatment channel, and means at the other end of the treatment channel for discharging compacts and/or carrier from the treatment channel; the improvement comprising said withdrawal means being connected to a carrier collection means common to at least a plurality of said withdrawal means, and a carrier lifter connected to said collection means for returning said carrier to said temperature changing means.
  • a fluidized bed apparatus comprising a generally horizontal treatment channel adapted to contain a bed of particulate carrier means at one end of the treatment channel for feeding compacts into the bed of carrier, means for fluidizing the bed of carrier in such a manner as will result in the transport of carrier and compacts to the other end of the treatment channel, a plurality of transfer means of two types disposed along the treatment channel one type being for the removal of carrier from the channel and the other type being for the return of carrier to the treatment channel, a device for changing the temperature of the carrier removed from the treatment channel prior to its return to the treatment channel, said transfer means of said one type including a passage connected to the temperature changdischarging compacts and/or carrier from the treatment channel, the improvement comprising said temperature changing device being located at an elevated position relative to said treatment channel, and a carrier collector/lifter means common to at least a plurality of said transfer means of said one type for returning the withdrawn carrier to said temperature changing de vice.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
US443789A 1973-02-22 1974-02-19 Fluidized bed apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3914876A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU237473 1973-02-22

Publications (1)

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US3914876A true US3914876A (en) 1975-10-28

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Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3914876A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5335786B2 (fr)
BE (1) BE811404A (fr)
CA (1) CA1030730A (fr)
DE (1) DE2408720C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2218933B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047883A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-09-13 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Thermal treatment of materials by hot particulates
US4646759A (en) * 1984-01-06 1987-03-03 Philip Morris Incorporated Vibrating trough tobacco separator and classifier

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117064A (en) * 1961-07-03 1964-01-07 Consolidation Coal Co Shock heater
US3290790A (en) * 1963-04-02 1966-12-13 Mizusawa Industrial Chem Method of drying a hydrogel
US3384557A (en) * 1964-07-21 1968-05-21 Fmc Corp Method of curing of green briquettes by oxidation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE792978A (fr) * 1971-12-20 1973-04-16 Broken Hill Pty Co Ltd Appareil perfectionne a lit fluidise et procedes d'application

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3117064A (en) * 1961-07-03 1964-01-07 Consolidation Coal Co Shock heater
US3290790A (en) * 1963-04-02 1966-12-13 Mizusawa Industrial Chem Method of drying a hydrogel
US3384557A (en) * 1964-07-21 1968-05-21 Fmc Corp Method of curing of green briquettes by oxidation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047883A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-09-13 Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization Thermal treatment of materials by hot particulates
US4646759A (en) * 1984-01-06 1987-03-03 Philip Morris Incorporated Vibrating trough tobacco separator and classifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2408720A1 (de) 1974-08-29
DE2408720C3 (de) 1981-07-23
JPS5024162A (fr) 1975-03-15
DE2408720B2 (fr) 1980-11-27
CA1030730A (fr) 1978-05-09
FR2218933A1 (fr) 1974-09-20
JPS5335786B2 (fr) 1978-09-28
FR2218933B1 (fr) 1980-05-30
BE811404A (fr) 1974-06-17

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