US3914093A - Combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Combustion apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3914093A
US3914093A US431903A US43190374A US3914093A US 3914093 A US3914093 A US 3914093A US 431903 A US431903 A US 431903A US 43190374 A US43190374 A US 43190374A US 3914093 A US3914093 A US 3914093A
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
waste gas
distance
combustion
varying
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US431903A
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English (en)
Inventor
Albert Edward Proctor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airoil Flaregas Ltd
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Flaregas Engineering Ltd
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Publication of US3914093A publication Critical patent/US3914093A/en
Assigned to AIROIL FLAREGAS LIMITED, VALE ROAD, TONBRIDGE, KENT reassignment AIROIL FLAREGAS LIMITED, VALE ROAD, TONBRIDGE, KENT CONDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FLAREGAS ENGINEERING LIMITED, BY: PETER WILLIAM GROSTETE DUBUISSON
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/311—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows for mixing more than two components; Devices specially adapted for generating foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to apparatus for mixing air with waste gas subsequently disposed of by combustion.
  • the apparatus is particularly, but not solely, intended for use with ground flares.
  • apparatus for mixing air with waste gas for combustion comprising means for discharging waste gas, an air inducing device with an inlet for receiving the discharged waste gas and air induced into the device and means for varying the distance between the inlet of the air inducing device and the dishcarge means.
  • the air inducing device preferably operates on the Coanda effect and preferably uses steam as an inducing medium so that the device discharges a mixture of air, waste gas and steam into a combustion zone.
  • the air and steam are intended to ensure that the waste gas burns substantially smokelessly.
  • the discharge means can be a simple nozzle and it has been found that by the provision for the adjustment of the distance between the air inducing device and the nozzle, the apparatus can be effectively controlled to cope with variations in gas pressure, in gas flow rate and in the molecular weight of the gas to ensure substantially smokeless combustion under various conditions.
  • the apparatus can employ air inducing devices and nozzles of various sizes. In practice, variation of the aforesaid distance causes the suction pressure at the inlet of the air inducing device to vary with the result that a greater or smaller quantity of air enters the device per unit time. It has been found that the apparatus will perform satisfactorily over a wide range of variation in the pressure of the inducing medium provided this pressure exceeds a minimum threshold value.
  • the discharge means can take the form of a nozzle having a slidably movable insert which provides the outlet therefrom.
  • the distance variation means can take a variety of forms, discussed hereinafter, operated manually or automatically.
  • a control/system can be provided so that variation in the aforesaid distance is made automati cally dependent on one or more of the parameters associated with the waste gas such as its pressure.
  • the air inducing device has a body with a bore of aerofoil section extending between the inlet and outlet of the device.
  • An internal Coanda annulus is provided over which the inducing medium is caused to flow to induce air to enter the inlet with the gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus to which the invention relates;
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the air inducing device. used in the apparatus depicted in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of an apparatus made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic part-sectional view of a further form of. apparatus made in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a control system for use with apparatus made in accordance with the invention.
  • the apparatus is composed of an air inducing device generally designated 10 and a nozzle unit generally designated 15.
  • the device 10 has an inlet 11 for receiving an inducing medium, usually steam, from a flexible pipe.
  • the effect of the steam is to cause surrounding air to be induced into the main inlet 14 of the device 10.
  • the movement of the air is represented by arrows A.
  • the nozzle unit 15 has a nozzle proper 12 which discharges waste gas denoted G, from its upper end 17 into the inlet 14 of the device 10.
  • the units 15 preferably incorporates a non-return valve 13 for the waste gas.
  • the mixture of waste gas and air entering the inlet 14 mixes with the steam in the device 10 so that the latter discharges from its outlet 16 a mixture of waste gas, air and steam designated K.
  • This mixture K is subsequently combusted in known manner such as in a ground flare and the presence of the air and steam is designed to effect clean combustion, i.e., without smoke.
  • the operation of the apparatus can be optimized by adjusting the position between the upper end 17 of the nozzle 12 and the inlet 14 of the device 10 as represented by arrows X-X.
  • the optimal distance between the end 17 of the nozzle 12 and the inlet 14 can take a whole range of values even including negative values where the end 17 is disposed within the inlet 14.
  • the nozzle 12 may be in the form of a simple pipe connected to a supply of the waste gas.
  • a preferred form of inducing device is shown in FIG. 2, where like reference numerals denote like parts to FIG. 1.
  • the device 10 has a body 20 with a central bore 21 of aerofoil section communicating with the inlet 14.
  • the device 10 has a central Coanda annulus denoted 22. Steam introduced into a chamber 23 via the inlet 11 is caused to flow over the annulus 22 and thereby to induce air to enter the inlet 14. The mixture of air, waste gas and steam flows through the bore 21 to the outlet 16. The induction of air in this manner is known as the Coanda effect.
  • FIG: 3 depicts one form of adjusting mechanism where like reference numerals denote like parts to FIG. 1.
  • the nozzle 12 supports a cross-piece 30 connected to two guide rods 31.
  • the device 10 is carried by a further cross-piece 32 which has bores or apertures therein slidably receiving the rods 31.
  • Clamping members 33 enable the crosspiece 32 to be clamped to the rods 31 at any desired position.
  • the members 33 are loosened and the crosspiece 32 moved along the rods 31 to the new position whereat the members 33 are re-tightened.
  • a piston and cylinder unit may be coupled between the device and the nozzle unit 15.
  • This piston and cylinder unit could be double-acting although it is preferred to use a single acting unit and to bias the piston of this unit with a spring which acts against the fluid pressure and tends to restore the piston to a set position.
  • a pressure operated unit incorporating a flexible diaphragm which is moved by fluid pressure against the force of a spring can also be used in a similar manner to the piston and cylinder unit.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an alternative form of apparatus where the nozzle 12 has a displaceable insert.
  • like reference numerals are again used to denote features described earlier.
  • the nozzle 12, or the main body of the nozzle unit 15 is rigidly affixed to the device 10 by means of a bracket 41.
  • An insert 42 is provided at the end of the body 40.
  • the insert 42 fits within the body 40 and is capable of sliding longitudinally thereof.
  • the insert 42 has a groove 43 accommodating an O- ring 44 made for example of nitrile which provides sealing between the outer surface of the portion of the insert 42 which locates in the body 40 and the inner surface of the body 40.
  • the upper end 17 of the nozzle 12 is thus constituted by the upper end of the insert 42 and by sliding the insert 42 into or out from the body the distance XX can be varied as before.
  • the insert 42 is depicted as having a flange 45 which engages on the upper end of the body 40 when the insert 42 is fully retracted into the body 40. The movement of the insert 42 can be accomplished by forces acting on this flange 45.
  • the means for moving the insert 42 can be in the form of a cam connected via a mechanical linkage to an actuator or a system of cables, a pneumatic or hydraulic piston and cylinder unit or an electro-magnetic device.
  • FIG. 5 depicts one example of an automatic control system.
  • a plurality of nozzle units 15, here represented as two simple nozzles 12, are installed in a ground flare and are fed with waste gas from a manifold which may be disposed below ground.
  • Each nozzle 12 directs waste gas into an associated air inducing device 10 and as described hereinbefore the devices 10 each discharge a mixture of waste gas air and steam, denoted K, into a combustion zone.
  • the devices 10 are movable to vary the distance between their inlets and the outlets of their associated units 15 as represented by the arrows X-X.
  • the devices 10 move in unison and are supported by a common support member 51, which can be guided by means not shown and which can be moved by a cam 52 to effect a change in the aforesaid distance.
  • This cam 52 is connected via a linkage 53 to the piston rod 67 of a unit 54.
  • This unit 54 employs a flexible diaphragm 65 which can be moved against the force of a spring 66 by pressure fluid to extend the piston rod 67 and hence actuate the cam 52.
  • the pressure fluid fed to the unit 54 is derived by means of a control system which is sensitive to variation in the pressure of the waste gas. As shown, the pressure of the waste gas in the manifold 50 is converted in a unit 55 to a proportional analogue electrical current which is fed to a control unti 56.
  • This control unit 56 has provision for a manual overide facility which enables an operator to effect manual control of the system.
  • the unit 56 may employ an amplifier and the manual control may effect variation in the gain of this amplifier.
  • the units 56 also has a meter, or some other visual indicator, which enables an operator to determine the operational properties of the control system.
  • the unit 56 feeds a further convertor unit 57 which receives pneumatic pressure from a source S via a pressure reducing unit 58.
  • the electrical current input to the unit 57 is converted to a corresponding output pressure which is fed via a booster unit 59 to the unit 54.
  • the unit 56 is set to automatic control any variation in the pressure of the waste gas will cause the devices 10 to be moved to compensate the maintain the optimum level of clean combustion.
  • an apparatus for mixing air with waste gas for combustion said apparatus having means for discharging waste gas and having a separate air inducing device which operates in the manner known as Coanda Effect, said air inducing device being axially spaced from said discharge means, said air inducing device having a main inlet for receiving the waste gas emitted by said discharging means together with air induced into said device; the improvement comprising means for varying the distance between the main inlet of the air inducing device and the discharging means whereby to control mixing and combustion.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein an inducing medium is fed to the device to induce air into said main inlet.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 wherein steam is used as an inducing medium and the device has an outlet which, in operation, discharges a mixture of waste gas, air and steam into a combustion zone.
  • Apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the air inducing device has a bore of aerofoil section extending between its outlet and inset and an internal Coanda annulus over which the inducing medium is made to flow to induce said air into the inlet.
  • control system is adapted to operate the distance-varying means in accordance with changes in the pressure of the waste gas.
  • the distance-varying means at least includes a piston and cylinder unit.
  • an apparatus for mixing air with waste gas for combustion said apparatus having means for discharging waste gas and having a separate air inducing device which operates in the manner known as the Coanda Effect, said air inducing device having a main inlet for receiving the waste gas emitted by said discharging means together with air induced into said device, the improvement therein comprising: means for varying the distance between said main inlet and said discharging means to control mixing and combustion, and a control system for automatically operating said distance varying means, said control system operating in accordance with changes in the pressure of the waste gas.
  • an apparatus for mixing air with waste gas for combustion said apparatus having means for discharging waste gas and having a separate air inducing device which operates in the manner known as the Coanda Effect, said air inducing device having a main inlet for receiving the waste gas emitted by said discharging means together with air induced into said device, the improvement therein comprising: means for varying the distance between said main inlet and said discharging means to control mixing and combustion, said discharging means including a nozzle, said nozzle having a longitudinally displaceable insert to effect said distance variation.
  • an apparatus for mixing air with waste gas for combustion said apparatus having means for discharging waste gas and having a separate air inducing device which operates in the manner known as the Coanda Effect, said air inducing device having a main inlet for receiving the waste gas emitted by said discharging means together with air induced into said device, the improvement therein comprising: means for varying the distance between said main inlet and said discharging means to control mixing and combustion, said distance varying means including a piston and cylinder unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
US431903A 1973-01-18 1974-01-09 Combustion apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3914093A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB262673A GB1453440A (en) 1973-01-18 1973-01-18 Apparatus for use in the disposal of waste gas

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3914093A true US3914093A (en) 1975-10-21

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ID=9742873

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US431903A Expired - Lifetime US3914093A (en) 1973-01-18 1974-01-09 Combustion apparatus

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3914093A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5641884B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA995064A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2401403A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES422652A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2324988A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1453440A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1006777B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019852A (en) * 1974-10-23 1977-04-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Quiet and smokeless flaring of off-gases containing hydrocarbons
US4336017A (en) * 1977-01-28 1982-06-22 The British Petroleum Company Limited Flare with inwardly directed Coanda nozzle
US4439135A (en) * 1979-06-29 1984-03-27 Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft Process for the operation of premixture burners and burner for carrying out the process
US4538982A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-09-03 Mcgill Incorporated Flare gas combustion apparatus
US4548577A (en) * 1983-04-18 1985-10-22 Mcgill Incorporated Linear combustion apparatus for atmospheric burning of flare gases
US4634370A (en) * 1983-12-08 1987-01-06 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Flare
US4739708A (en) * 1986-05-26 1988-04-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada Holder for flames of pyrophore-containing fuels in high-speed air
US5057004A (en) * 1990-07-17 1991-10-15 Mcallister Ian R Spray burn floating combustible material burner
US20040110105A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Rajewski Robert C. Flare stack operating on coanda principle
US20040248055A1 (en) * 2001-04-18 2004-12-09 Mashhour Mazen M. Flare stack combustion apparatus and method
US20080081304A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Poe Roger L Partial pre-mix flare burner and method
US20110207066A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2011-08-25 John Zink Company, Llc Flare apparatus
WO2015019308A1 (es) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Industrias Haceb S.A. Dispositivo para regulación de mezcla de gas y aire en un sistema de combustión
ES2570232A1 (es) * 2014-11-14 2016-05-17 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Quemador de gas y punto de cocción a gas

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2142132B (en) * 1983-06-21 1986-04-09 London Brick Landfill Limited Apparatus and method for collecting and burning landfill or other waste gas
JPS6132282A (ja) * 1984-07-24 1986-02-14 Sony Corp テ−プカセツトシリ−ズ
IT1245564B (it) * 1990-03-27 1994-09-29 Vaillant Joh Gmbh & Co Bruciatore atmosferico a gas a premiscelazione
AT401565B (de) * 1994-11-28 1996-10-25 Vaillant Gmbh Atmosphärischer vormischgasbrenner

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1711982A (en) * 1927-03-07 1929-05-07 Lisle T Argo Burner
US1807178A (en) * 1930-04-11 1931-05-26 Gilbert E Seil Method of and means for making synthetic amphibolic products
US2121802A (en) * 1935-08-30 1938-06-28 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method and apparatus for strengthening fibers
US2713510A (en) * 1955-07-19 Coanda
US3807940A (en) * 1971-08-25 1974-04-30 Sulzer Ag Burner for burning off gas

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1193820A (en) * 1969-04-19 1970-06-03 Ivor Hawkes Improvements in or relating to Gas Burners
US3682599A (en) * 1970-08-20 1972-08-08 Daniel B Hewitt Incineration apparatus
GB1383294A (en) * 1971-04-29 1974-02-12 British Petroleum Co Flarestacks

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2713510A (en) * 1955-07-19 Coanda
US1711982A (en) * 1927-03-07 1929-05-07 Lisle T Argo Burner
US1807178A (en) * 1930-04-11 1931-05-26 Gilbert E Seil Method of and means for making synthetic amphibolic products
US2121802A (en) * 1935-08-30 1938-06-28 Owens Illinois Glass Co Method and apparatus for strengthening fibers
US3807940A (en) * 1971-08-25 1974-04-30 Sulzer Ag Burner for burning off gas

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4019852A (en) * 1974-10-23 1977-04-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Quiet and smokeless flaring of off-gases containing hydrocarbons
US4336017A (en) * 1977-01-28 1982-06-22 The British Petroleum Company Limited Flare with inwardly directed Coanda nozzle
US4439135A (en) * 1979-06-29 1984-03-27 Ruhrgas Aktiengesellschaft Process for the operation of premixture burners and burner for carrying out the process
US4538982A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-09-03 Mcgill Incorporated Flare gas combustion apparatus
US4548577A (en) * 1983-04-18 1985-10-22 Mcgill Incorporated Linear combustion apparatus for atmospheric burning of flare gases
US4634370A (en) * 1983-12-08 1987-01-06 The British Petroleum Company P.L.C. Flare
US4739708A (en) * 1986-05-26 1988-04-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada Holder for flames of pyrophore-containing fuels in high-speed air
US5057004A (en) * 1990-07-17 1991-10-15 Mcallister Ian R Spray burn floating combustible material burner
US7247016B2 (en) 2001-04-18 2007-07-24 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Flare stack combustion apparatus and method
US20040248055A1 (en) * 2001-04-18 2004-12-09 Mashhour Mazen M. Flare stack combustion apparatus and method
US20040110105A1 (en) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-10 Rajewski Robert C. Flare stack operating on coanda principle
US6960075B2 (en) 2002-12-04 2005-11-01 Rajewski Robert C Flare stack operating on Coanda principle
US20110207066A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2011-08-25 John Zink Company, Llc Flare apparatus
US20080081304A1 (en) * 2006-09-29 2008-04-03 Poe Roger L Partial pre-mix flare burner and method
WO2015019308A1 (es) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Industrias Haceb S.A. Dispositivo para regulación de mezcla de gas y aire en un sistema de combustión
ES2570232A1 (es) * 2014-11-14 2016-05-17 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Quemador de gas y punto de cocción a gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2324988A1 (fr) 1977-04-15
CA995064A (en) 1976-08-17
DE2401403A1 (de) 1974-07-25
ES422652A1 (es) 1976-04-16
FR2324988B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-02-10
JPS49110167A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-19
GB1453440A (en) 1976-10-20
JPS5641884B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-10-01
IT1006777B (it) 1976-10-20

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: AIROIL FLAREGAS LIMITED, VALE ROAD, TONBRIDGE, KEN

Free format text: CONDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNOR:FLAREGAS ENGINEERING LIMITED, BY: PETER WILLIAM GROSTETE DUBUISSON;REEL/FRAME:003861/0791

Effective date: 19801013