US3911993A - Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911993A
US3911993A US487934A US48793474A US3911993A US 3911993 A US3911993 A US 3911993A US 487934 A US487934 A US 487934A US 48793474 A US48793474 A US 48793474A US 3911993 A US3911993 A US 3911993A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stopper rod
nozzle
molten metal
treating agent
stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US487934A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maurice L Caudill
Steven C Cochran
Donald C Loebach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
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Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Tractor Co filed Critical Caterpillar Tractor Co
Priority to US487934A priority Critical patent/US3911993A/en
Priority to FR7520637A priority patent/FR2277900A1/fr
Priority to JP50084047A priority patent/JPS5132432A/ja
Priority to GB29303/75A priority patent/GB1504769A/en
Priority to DE2531571A priority patent/DE2531571B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3911993A publication Critical patent/US3911993A/en
Assigned to CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/005—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
    • B22D41/18—Stopper-rods therefor
    • B22D41/183—Stopper-rods therefor with cooling means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal in which the agent, in wire-form is fed through a passage provided in an internally cooled stopper rod, thereby introducing the treating agent directly into the nozzle and to a stream of molten metal as it is discharged therethrough.
  • the method is particularly applicable for adding treating agents to steel for completely deoxidizing same with agents such as aluminum, titanium or zirconium.
  • the stopper rod is adapted to seat into the entrance of the nozzle as a valve seat, with the stopper rod constructed in hollow form with a centrally disposed passage extending axially therethrough for feeding the wire completely through the stopper to the bottom of the ladle.
  • the treating agent is protected from excessive heat by cooling it by means of a special stopper rod construction, in which means are provided for circulating cool air in surrounding relation 'to the treating agent within the stopper rod, and the rod itself is constructed of an insulating outer wall.
  • the present invention relates to amethod and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for adding deoxidants to steel just prior to the casting thereof.
  • Aluminum is economically favored as a deoxidizing or killing agent for steel, but it cannot be used in sufficient amounts to fully kill steel when added by any of the present methods heretofore in use. For example, one of the methods now in use is to add the treating agent to the ladle so that sufficient mixing will occur and the steel will be killed throughout the entire composition.
  • deoxidants such as aluminum, after combining with oxygen, tend to precipitate out of the molten solution and build up at the ladle or tundish nozzle and cause excessive clogging thereof.
  • the melting point of such compositions which are loosely classified as ceramic or refractory compounds, is substantially higher than the normal molten steel solution temperature. Also, the temperature of the pouring nozzle, particularly early in the pour, may be substantially lower than the molten metal temperature in the ladle. This encourages more rapid precipitation of higher melting point compositions out of solution at the nozzle surfaces.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for adding treating agents into a molten metal about to be cast, in which the treated molten metal is protected from recontamination from atmospheric contact, and in which substantially complete mixing and treatment of the molten metal occurs prior to the metal setting up in cast form.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for adding deoxidizing agents to steel in which the deoxidizing agent is added to a closed stream of metal moving from a ladle or like reservoir to the casting mold.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus of the character described in which high melting oxides produced by certain treating agents do not build up in restricted areas and impede normal continued operation of the process and apparatus.
  • Yet still another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus of the character described in which the process may be carefully controlled, is suitable for automation, and in which maximum use of the treating agents is obtained.
  • an apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal as it flows from a supply reservoir or ladle into a mold.
  • the apparatus comprises a nozzle formed in the bottom of said reservoir or ladle adapted to deliver molten metal to a mold, a valve seat formed at the inlet end of said nozzle, a stopper rod formed to move into and out of fitting relation with said valve seat for controlling the flow of metal through said nozzle, said stopper rod being formed with a hollow interior in surrounding relation to a central passage, means for supplying a wire-like treating agent through said central passage, and means for circulating cooling fluid through said hollow interior.
  • the, apparatus provides a ladle having a nozzle and a stopper rod adapted to allow molten metal to flow through said nozzle in a controlled stream.
  • the nozzle and valve seat are constructed so that the maximum velocity of the molten metal flow will occur through the valving and nozzle and no reverse flow of molten metal occurs.
  • the wire-like treating agent is moved down into the nozzle past the valved portion of flow of the molten metal so as to prevent the formation of oxides at the valve seat that would interfere with the operation thereof.
  • the treating agent is added at the central portion of the nozzle where velocity flow is at a high rate so that it is quickly carried on through the nozzle in the narrow stream where intimate mixing occurs and provides a melt adapted to be immediately molded.
  • the wire-like feeding means is provided with a direct drive motor so that the quantity of treating agent may be accurately metered and the apparatus is designed to use wire-like treating agents now available on the market.
  • the stopper rod is adapted for controlled opening and closing so that the pouring of metal through the nozzle and the addition of treating agent may be accurately coordinated. Since these operations are mechanized, it is seen that the apparatus is well adapted for automation, if desired.
  • a method for adding treating agents to a molten metal stream as it is provided from a nozzle in a ladle or the like and delivered directly into a mold.
  • the method comprises the steps of adding said treating agent to the molten stream substantially within the nozzle in an amount SUfflClCI'lt to treat the metal being cast.
  • the wire-like treating agent is added to the central portion of the stream and is retained at near outside ambient temperature prior to entrance into the molten stream.
  • the method provides for a residence time of treating agent in the nozzle to be very low with a high velocity stream of metal being provided through the nozzle so that the treating agent is immediately carried therethrough as it is added.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view of an apparatus constructed according to the invention together with a fragmentary cross-sectional portion of a ladle in which it is installed;
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view partly in section illustrating the area marked by circle 2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the apparatus taken in the area indicated by circle 3 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 an apparatus 11 for adding treating agents 12 in wire-like form to molten metal as it flows from a supply reservior or ladle 13 into a mold (not shown) formed for easing metals.
  • the ladle includes a side refractory lining l4 and a bottom refractory lining 16 disposed within a suitable-housing 17.
  • a nozzle 18 is fit into the bottom of the ladle in a manner making replacement of the nozzle relatively easy.
  • the nozzle 18 is constructed of a suitable ceramic or refractory material 19 and has a vertically extending cylindri-' cal bore 21 communicating at its upper end with a conical valve seat 22.
  • the nozzle is fit into a suitable bore in the bottom of ladle 13 for providing avalve seat and nozzle passage at and through the bottom.
  • the nozzle is secured as shown by a plate 23 attached to housing 17.
  • a stopper rod assembly 24 is mounted on the ladle housing and comprises a stopper rod 26 having a curved lower end 27 formed to move into and out of fitting relation with the valve seat 22, and means 28 for axially moving the stopper rod 26.
  • Stopper rod 26 is formed with a cylindrical ceramic wall 29 fitting against end 27, which is also composed of ceramic material. These parts define a hollow interior 31 in which is fit a tubular member 32.
  • the tubular member 32 has a hollow central area through which the wire-like treating agent 12 is moved.
  • the tubular member 32 is composed of metal and has threads 33 at its upper end, with the member being threaded through a gooseneck 34 and secured in threaded position by nuts 36 and 37.
  • the hollow interior 31 between the tubular member 32 and the ceramic wall 29 is further divided into an inner annular chamber 38 and an outer annular chamber-39 by a tubular baffle 41 which has its upper end welded to or otherwise secured to a plate 42.
  • the plate 42 has an inlet tube 43 for communicating compressed air or like cooling fluid to the internal chamber 38 and an outlet 44 to provide for egress of such fluid from the outer annular chamber 39.
  • the stopper rod assembly is assembled and held together as follows. First, the ceramic wall 29 is provided with a threaded ceramic bushing 46 (see FIG. 3), which is fit in place, and then tubular member 32 is fit within the hollow interior. The member 32 has a flanged lower end 47, which is fit in abutting relation against bushing 46. The plate 42 and its associated baffle 41 is then fit over the tubular member, and a nut 48 is threaded over threaded portion 33 of tubular member 32 against the upper portion of plate 42, so as to clampingly cooperate with flange 47 of the tubular member and hold the assembly together. The lower end 27 of the stopper rod is then threaded over bushing 46, nut.
  • feeding means 52 is provided for supplying the treating agent through the central interior passages 51 and 49 and down into a central location within bore 21 of nozzle 18.
  • Feeding means 52 comprises a plurality of drive rollers 53 mounted for rotation on a bracket 54, which in turn is secured to the gooseneck 34.
  • the drive rollers are driven by a suitable electric motor (not shown) mounted at the rear of the bracket, and formed with appropriate drive means or control means whereby the driving velocity of drive rollers 53 may be accurately adjusted.
  • the means 28 for moving the stopper rod 26 up and down in an axial direction comprises a barrel housing 56 attached to the ladle housing 17 by a support bracket 57, and a slide 58 slidably positioned within the barrel housing.
  • the slide is vertically adjusted with respect to the barrel housing by means of an adjustment crank 59 which is rotatably mounted on the ladle housing.
  • the adjustment crank has a plurality of pinion teeth 61 which engage threads provided on a rack portion (not shown) of the slide to raise or lower the slide.
  • the slide is rotatably positioned by means of a control lever 62 pivotally attached to the lower end of the slide.
  • the slide may be locked in fixed axial and rotational position by clamp assembly 63 mounted on the barrel housing and actuated by a lever arm 64.
  • the slide 58 is connected at its upper end to the gooseneck 34 which in turn is connected to the stopper rod 26 as described above.
  • the ladle is filled and the nozzle positioned to deliver molten metal to a mold.
  • the wire-like treating agent 12 is positioned so that it extends just down through the end of the stopper rod.
  • the stopper rod is then lifted by operation of crank 59, and the wire-like treating agent is simultaneously threaded down through the stopper rod by operation of the feeding means 52.
  • the invention provides a method of adding treating agents to a molten metal stream provided from a nozzle in a ladle or the like and delivered directly into a mold comprising the steps of adding said treating agent to the molten stream substantially within the nozzle in an amount sufficient to treat the metal being cast.
  • provision is made for adding the wire-like treating agent to the central portion of the stream.
  • cooling means are provided to retain the wire feeding means at a relatively low temperature prior to entrance of the treating material into the metal stream. This temperature control is made possible by the addition of compressed air or like cooling fluid through tube 43 which maintains a relatively cool atmosphere surrounding the tubular member 32 which is metal and tends to transfer its heat easily to the air.
  • the partially heated air then travels around the baffle and continues to cool by cooling the inner surface of the ceramic wall 29.
  • the ceramic wall 29 serves as an insulator between the interior of the stopper rod and the molten metal. carried on the outside thereof, and this construction allows excellent protection for the treating agent. It is also noted that the residence time of the metal added to the nozzle is very low because of the comparatively high velocity of the molten stream passing through the nozzle and therefore deposition of oxides at the valve seat is positively prevented and deposition within the nozzle is substantially prevented.
  • the stream of molten metal exits from the nozzle, it has a vortex or swirl flow characteristic, in addition to the vertical flow velocity, which serves to mix the treating agent into the molten solution for effective treatment throughout all of the molten metal. Further mixing, although not necessarily required, also occurs within the sprue, gating system, and casting cavity of the mold.
  • the present invention also permits unusual flexibility in controlling the amount and rate of additions to the molten metal.
  • the wire feed rate may be automatically determined for a given nozzle opening or pour rate, or the rate may be manually controlled by the ladle operator.
  • the wire composition may be selected to provide a single treatment, such as deoxidation, or a plurality of treatments such as inoculation, grain refinement and alloy addition in addition to or in lieu of deoxidation.
  • the wire-like treating agent 12 has an aluminum core 66 circumscribed by a steel sheath 67 to provide rigidity at high temperatures and protection against premature melting of the aluminum core.
  • other treating agents may be carried, in adidtion to, or instead of, aluminum in the core area.
  • the stopper nozzle constructed according to the invention, and cooling provided it is thus seen that comparatively volatile agents may be added to the molten metal, if desired, since protection is provided'for such agents until they reach the point of use.
  • the amount of deoxidant required will generally exceed the amount they may be conveniently added through the wire feeders. In such cases, it is preferred to partially kill the steel in the process somewhere in advance of the nozzle, and then fully kill the steel at the nozzle in accordance with the invention.
  • the base metal is melted and refined in an arc or induction melting furnace.
  • the metal is brought up to tap temperature and tapped into the receiving ladle while final alloy adjustments are shoveled into tap stream. At this time, vacuum degassing is conveniently effected.
  • the initial volume flow should be about 157 pounds per second and should reduce to about 86 pounds per second in the bottom 12 inches of the ladle.
  • the wire feed rate is matched with the volume flow of metal by feeding the weight plus other factors to a computer input, which constantly adjusts the feed rate.
  • the wire feeders are programmable to the extent that with a known ingot size, the wire feeder can be indexed after each ingot.
  • treating agent should be broadly construed and will include any alloying or treating agent having an effect on the composition or form of the final casting.
  • any alloying or treating agent having an effect on the composition or form of the final casting may be advantageously carried out while utilizing the invention:
  • Controlled rimming action may be effected in the ingot molds by measuring the oxygen content in each ingot poured and feeding more or less aluminum wire to tailor the oxygen content.
  • Adding an alloy that is known to fade while holding in a ladle; for example, boron steel may be made'by deoxidizing the steel during the tap and/or vacuum degassing and then adding the nitrogen fixing agents (titanium and zirconium) and the boron through the wire feeder at the nozzle.
  • nitrogen fixing agents titanium and zirconium
  • alloy and inoculating agents may be added at the mold so that one base iron may be used to make castings of different specifications.
  • a method of adding a treating agent to a molten metal stream provided from a nozzle carried in a bottom of a molten metal filled ladle or the like and delivered directly from said nozzle into a mold comprising: feeding said treating agent in a wire-like form through a central passage of a tubular metal member within a stopper rod which passes through said molten metal and provides access to said molten stream substantially within the said nozzle; and
  • An apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal as it flows from a molten metal containing supply reservoir orladle into a mold comprising:
  • a nozzle formed in the bottom of said ladle adapted to deliver molten metal to a mold
  • valve seat formed at the inlet end of said nozzle
  • a stopper rod formed to pass through said molten metal containing ladle and to move into and out of fitting relation with said valve seat for controlling the flow of metal through said nozzle
  • said stopper rod being formed with a hollow interior in surrounding relation to a tubular metal member with the wire-like treating agent being supplied through a central passage in said tubular metal member, and
  • valve seat is conically shaped and an end of said stopper rod which is formed to move into and out of fitting relation with said valve seat is rounded whereby said end contacts said valve seat over only a part of the area thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US487934A 1974-07-12 1974-07-12 Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal Expired - Lifetime US3911993A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US487934A US3911993A (en) 1974-07-12 1974-07-12 Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal
FR7520637A FR2277900A1 (fr) 1974-07-12 1975-07-01 Procede et appareil d'addition d'adjuvants a un metal fondu
JP50084047A JPS5132432A (de) 1974-07-12 1975-07-10
GB29303/75A GB1504769A (en) 1974-07-12 1975-07-11 Adding treating agents to molten metal
DE2531571A DE2531571B2 (de) 1974-07-12 1975-07-11 Verfahren zum Einfahren von Zuschlagstoffen in Drahtform zu einer Metallschmelze und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US487934A US3911993A (en) 1974-07-12 1974-07-12 Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal

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US3911993A true US3911993A (en) 1975-10-14

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US487934A Expired - Lifetime US3911993A (en) 1974-07-12 1974-07-12 Method and apparatus for adding treating agents to molten metal

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US (1) US3911993A (de)
JP (1) JPS5132432A (de)
DE (1) DE2531571B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2277900A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1504769A (de)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024624A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-05-24 United States Steel Corporation Continuous casting method for the production of rolled low carbon steel products with improved formability
WO1981002310A1 (en) * 1980-02-13 1981-08-20 Caterpillar Tractor Co Filled tubular article and method for casting boron treated steel
US4512800A (en) * 1983-08-12 1985-04-23 Pfizer Inc. Wire injection apparatus
US4520861A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-06-04 Republic Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for alloying continuously cast steel products
US4524819A (en) * 1981-04-07 1985-06-25 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing leaded free-cutting steel by continuous casting process
EP0662522A2 (de) * 1994-01-11 1995-07-12 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stahl in einem Behälter
US20060049153A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Cahoon Christopher L Dual feed laser welding system
CN100339499C (zh) * 2005-04-12 2007-09-26 包头翌新冶金技术有限公司 镁芯包芯线的喂线机
US20080169318A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2008-07-17 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Stopper Device for Controlling a Flow of Moten Metal
CN102179509A (zh) * 2011-05-03 2011-09-14 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 连铸机塞棒机构冷却、防护装置
US20150158078A1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2015-06-11 Arcelormittal Investigación Desarrollo, S.L. Continuous casting process of metal

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1548461A (en) * 1964-03-17 1979-07-18 Desaar R Lance for desulphurising cast iron or steel
DE3325306A1 (de) * 1983-07-13 1985-01-24 William G. Pittsburgh Pa. Wilson Verfahren fuer die zugabe reaktiver metalle zu stahl
CH665851A5 (de) * 1986-03-20 1988-06-15 Fischer Ag Georg Verfahren zur herstellung von perlitischen gusseisensorten.
DE3633925A1 (de) * 1986-10-04 1988-04-07 Columbus Neunkirchen Foundry G Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einbringen eines, insbesondere aufschwimmenden und/oder vergasenden, zusatzstoffes in eine metallschmelze
GB9922543D0 (en) * 1999-09-24 1999-11-24 Rhs Paneltech Ltd Wire feed unit
DE10062742A1 (de) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-20 Fischer Georg Automobilguss Vorrichtung zum Verschliessen eines Giessgefässes
CN102189248B (zh) * 2011-05-24 2012-09-05 浙江省长兴铁狮耐火材料有限公司 陶瓷复合式整体塞棒及其制作工艺

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2882571A (en) * 1956-10-08 1959-04-21 Koppers Co Inc Method of casting metals
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3726331A (en) * 1971-04-28 1973-04-10 R Bunting Continuous casting process

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2882571A (en) * 1956-10-08 1959-04-21 Koppers Co Inc Method of casting metals
US2997386A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-08-22 Feichtinger Heinrich Process and apparatus for treating metal melts
US3726331A (en) * 1971-04-28 1973-04-10 R Bunting Continuous casting process

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4024624A (en) * 1976-03-31 1977-05-24 United States Steel Corporation Continuous casting method for the production of rolled low carbon steel products with improved formability
WO1981002310A1 (en) * 1980-02-13 1981-08-20 Caterpillar Tractor Co Filled tubular article and method for casting boron treated steel
US4524819A (en) * 1981-04-07 1985-06-25 Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing leaded free-cutting steel by continuous casting process
US4512800A (en) * 1983-08-12 1985-04-23 Pfizer Inc. Wire injection apparatus
US4520861A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-06-04 Republic Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for alloying continuously cast steel products
EP0662522A3 (de) * 1994-01-11 1996-05-01 Magneco Metrel Inc Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stahl in einem Behälter.
EP0662522A2 (de) * 1994-01-11 1995-07-12 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stahl in einem Behälter
US20060049153A1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-09 Cahoon Christopher L Dual feed laser welding system
CN100339499C (zh) * 2005-04-12 2007-09-26 包头翌新冶金技术有限公司 镁芯包芯线的喂线机
US20080169318A1 (en) * 2005-05-19 2008-07-17 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Stopper Device for Controlling a Flow of Moten Metal
CN102179509A (zh) * 2011-05-03 2011-09-14 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 连铸机塞棒机构冷却、防护装置
CN102179509B (zh) * 2011-05-03 2013-06-19 马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司 连铸机塞棒机构冷却、防护装置
US20150158078A1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2015-06-11 Arcelormittal Investigación Desarrollo, S.L. Continuous casting process of metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5132432A (de) 1976-03-19
FR2277900B1 (de) 1981-06-19
DE2531571A1 (de) 1976-01-29
GB1504769A (en) 1978-03-22
FR2277900A1 (fr) 1976-02-06
DE2531571B2 (de) 1979-09-13

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AS Assignment

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., 100 N.E. ADAMS STREET, PEORIA, I

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515

Owner name: CATERPILLAR INC., A CORP. OF DE.,ILLINOIS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CATERPILLAR TRACTOR CO., A CORP. OF CALIF.;REEL/FRAME:004669/0905

Effective date: 19860515