US3911279A - Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line - Google Patents

Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911279A
US3911279A US361134A US36113473A US3911279A US 3911279 A US3911279 A US 3911279A US 361134 A US361134 A US 361134A US 36113473 A US36113473 A US 36113473A US 3911279 A US3911279 A US 3911279A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode wire
position sensitive
wires
counter
pair
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US361134A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jerry R Gilland
Jan G Emming
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BAE Systems Space & Mission Systems Inc
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Ball Brothers Research Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Ball Brothers Research Corp filed Critical Ball Brothers Research Corp
Priority to US361134A priority Critical patent/US3911279A/en
Priority to GB4056073A priority patent/GB1444278A/en
Priority to JP48101278A priority patent/JPS5011282A/ja
Priority to CA180,866A priority patent/CA994864A/en
Priority to NL7314660A priority patent/NL7314660A/xx
Priority to DE2362391A priority patent/DE2362391A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3911279A publication Critical patent/US3911279A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/06—Proportional counter tubes

Definitions

  • the counter is filled with a gas which ionizes upon interaction with ionizing radiation, the ionization of thegas being enhanced by the positive anode, such that an electrical charge is thereby induced in the cathode wire. Sensing of elapsed time between receipt of the induced charge at opposing ends of the cathode wire is utilized to determine the desired radiation positional data.
  • FIG. 3 FRAME l4 GROUND PLANES CATHODE WIRE O O O I+ HV) ANODE WIRE O O O CATHODE WIRE PATH OF G O O IONIZING RADIATION E Mo om W E W I E E0 W 0 0 E O H D H T O T A N A CO A 0C 9 O F 0 w 0 O A IIII I II I I
  • This invention FRAME l
  • the generally used approach involves coupling the electrical output from the ionizing gas enclosed chamber, individually from a plurality of anode or cathode grid wires, to a separate external delay line element to achieve readout.
  • the delay line then provides the timing differences used to determine position based upon the location at which the cathode wire carrying the charge is coupled into the delay line.
  • the instant invention is an improved position sensitive radiation counter system that is simple and yet reliable.
  • the counter utilizes a single cathode winding that simplifies counter fabrication, assembly, and testing.
  • the present invention eliminates the need fo a separate external delay line, thereby eliminating undesirable and burdensome manufacturing characteristics and, thereafter, the handling and operational characteristics necessarily associated with prior art systems.
  • the output from the cathode wire provides the necessary time differences by which the positional data of ionizing radiation interacting in the counter may be accurately ascertained.
  • Another object of this invention is to incorporate a delay line, which functions as the cathode, integral to the chamber of the counter.
  • a further object of this invention is to improve position sensitive multiwire proportional counters by utilizing cathode wires as integral counter delay lines in fixed spaced relationship from the anode wires.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to improve position sensitive multiwire proportional counters by utilizing a continuous cathode integral delay line thereby requiring electrical attachment only at the ends thereof.
  • a position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line including one or more integral cathode windings which provide effective delay lines to determine the desired particle positional data.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, with the top ground plane partially cut away, showing the position sensitivemultiwire proportional counter of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top view, with the top ground plane removed, of the position sensitive multiwire proportional counter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a side view of the position sensitive multiwire proportional counter shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation illustrating the ionization of gas in the position sensitive multiwire pro- "portional counter shown in FIG. 1 when ionizing radiation interacts with it;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation illustrating the tendency for electron collection at the anode when ionizing radiation interacts with the position sensitive multiwire proportional counter shown in FIG. 1 to leave a net positive charge in the gas due to the positive ions;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic logic block diagram showing how the proportional counter may be utilized with processing circuitry to determine ionizing radiation positional data.
  • This invention provides an apparatus to establish electrical signal timing differences indicative of ioniz' ing radiation positional data without requiring individual cathode wires coupled to external devices such as external delay lines or individual amplifiers. These timing differences provide the information to determine the point at which the ionizing radiation interacts with the gas in the counter.
  • the systems taught by the prior art couple the electrical output signal from individual cathode wires to devices mounted external of the basic multiwire counter, or do not use a delay line technique at all.
  • the radiation position is determined based upon the location at which the cathode wire carrying the charge is tied into the external device.
  • the cathode grid comprises a single wire wound on a frame in a generally rectangular and helical fashion, and carried parallel to a planar array of anode wires.
  • the cathode wire thus wound exhibits electromagnetic delay line characteristics which thereby eliminates the need for an external delay line and provides the timing differences needed to establish radiation position in one direction.
  • this counter system includes a frame 11 of conventional nonconductive material or any other means of mechanically supporting the wire structure hereinafter described having ground planes l3 and 14 disposed parallel thereto and spaced therefrom in any conventional manner.
  • frame 11 has a plurality of equally spaced anode wires 16 extending therethrough between two opposite sides of the frame with the anode wires positioned parallel to the two remaining sides of the frame and connected to a lead 17 coupled to anode terminal 18 leading from the counter.
  • Anode terminal 18 is commonly con nected to a source of positive voltage.
  • the anode wires may be mounted to the frame in any conventional manner, but as shown in FIG. 1, are between and attached to the two opposite sides of the frame.
  • a cathode wire, or winding. 20 is wound across the two remaining opposite sides of the frame such that the axis of the winding is positioned parallel to the anode array wires and spaced therefrom.
  • the cathode wire extends across the top and bottom of the frame, as shown best in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the cathode wire terminates at terminals 22 and 23, which lead from the counter, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the cathode wire, or winding, 20 is wound on a separate frame similar in size to the anode array. This cathode winding is then mounted parallel to and on either side of the anode array. Depending upon the specific application, the cathode wires can be placed at any angle with respect to the anode wires.
  • the counter is enclosed by a housing (not shown) and a suitable gas (i.e., a gas, such as Argon and Methane mixed in a 9 to 1 ratio, which may be ionized and will produce secondary ionization near the anode) is inserted within the housing as is well known in the art. Ionizing radiation is then passed through the counter and the position of the interaction determined.
  • a suitable gas i.e., a gas, such as Argon and Methane mixed in a 9 to 1 ratio, which may be ionized and will produce secondary ionization near the anode
  • Ionizing radiation is then passed through the counter and the position of the interaction determined.
  • Position sensitive radiation counters are well known in the art. and hence, additional structure of the frame or other support techniques and their operation have not been set forth in more detail herein. Details of these structures and their operation are set forth in the prior art and the above-identified patents and articles may be referred to for example of a more detailed description.
  • the gas is ionized as ionizing radiation interacts within the counter. Since the anode is posi tive, the free electrons are accelerated to high energy near the anode and secondary ionization is produced. This results in a multiplication of the initial number of free electrons and, as indicated in FIG. 5, produces a region of intense ionization near the anode. Most of the electrons created are collected on the anode leaving a net positive charge in the gas due to the positive ions. This positive charge induces a voltage on the cathode wires which is inversely related to the distance of the cathode wire from the positive charge. This induced voltage profile is then time-analyzed.
  • the signal induced on the delay line (cathode wire 20) propagates down the wire at a velocity which is characteristic of the delay line constants. Therefore, the time of arrival of the pulse at the output is a measure of the instant position of the ionizing radiation. Since the voltage is induced at multiple positions on the cathode wire, it is possible to interpolate the radiation position between these wires. The ultimate system accuracy is a function of energy deposition, gas gain, wire spacing and electronic noise which will vary in different applications.
  • the cathode wire is wound as a continuous coil (as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3) and acts as an inductor (L) whose inductance is proportional to the number of turns and the cross sectional area of the coil.
  • the coil also has stray capacitance (C) to the anode wires and to the ground planes. This results in the cathode wire acting as an electromagnetic delay line with the following idealized characteristics:
  • Delay Vic G Characteristic Impedance VL/C The position of the instant ionizing radiation is determined by observing the elapsed time required for the pulse to reach the output terminal or may be measured by measuring the time difference between the pulses at the two output terminals.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in block form, processing circuitry 28 which may be connected to terminals 22 and 23 of counter 9 to accomplish this end.
  • terminals 22 and 23 (connected to the ends of the cathode wire 20) are coupled to amplifiers 30 and 31, which amplifiers are, in turn, connected to discriminators 33 and 34.
  • the output from-the discriminators are coupled to a time-.to-hei'ght converter 36, the output of which is coupled to a pulse height analyzer 38;
  • Such processing circuits are known in the art and a more detailed description of such'circuitry may be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,483,377 and 3,517,194 as well as in the article above referenced.
  • the cathode winding encompass the anode array. More particularly, the anodes array could be positioned outside the space encompassed by the cathode winding 20, but adjacent thereto. Further, the delay line feature of the cathode wire can be achieved by other than a helicalrectangular configuration; for instance, the cathode wire 20 could be disposed between the sides of frame 11 in a single plane instead of being wrapped around the opposing sides thereof as previously described.
  • anode wires 16 may be nonparallel to the axis of the cathode winding 20; for instance, the anode wires 16 could be disposed normal to the axis of the cathode winding 20. Then, one may combine these above modifications wherein two cathode windings are used in parallel planes, but with their axes mutually perpendicular, with the anode wires 16 extending in a plane between the two cathode wire planes, thereby providing positional information in two orthoganal axes.
  • a position sensitive multiwire proportional counter comprising:
  • support means defining an enclosure an ionizing gas
  • anode wires carried by said support means, said anode wires being spaced from one another
  • first terminal means connected with said anode wires for coupling an electrical charge thereto
  • said support means comprising:
  • a frame having first and second pairs of side members, each member of a pair being opposite the for containing frame.
  • said' cathode'wire being continuously wound back and forth between and around said second pair of side members.
  • each winding of said cathode wire is substantially equidistant from the most nearly adjacent anode wires.
  • each winding of said cathode wire is substantially equidistant from the most nearly adjacent anode wires.
  • a position sensitive multiwire proportional counter comprising a frame having first and second pairs of spaced side members,
  • pairs of side members being positioned substantially normal to one another
  • said anode wires being connected with said first pair of side members
  • first terminal means connected with said anode wires for coupling an electrical charge thereto
  • cathode wire inductively wound between said second pair of side members so that said cathode wire is adjacent to but spaced from said anode wires
  • processing circuitry means connected with said second terminal means for receiving a signal developed on said cathode wire and determining therefrom the position of ionizing radiation causing said signal on said cathode wire to be developed.
  • the position sensitive multiwire proportional counter of claim 8 further including a pair of ground planes at opposite sides of said frame and spaced from said cathode wire.
  • said first plurality of wires and coupling a signal therefrom that is induced by the passage of ionizing radiation adjacent thereto such that the timing of the induced signal is indicative of the position of the ionizing radiation.
  • said signal coupled from said continuous wire is developed when gas adjacent to said wires is ionized due to the presence of an ionizing radiation interacting within said counter.

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  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
US361134A 1973-05-17 1973-05-17 Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line Expired - Lifetime US3911279A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US361134A US3911279A (en) 1973-05-17 1973-05-17 Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line
GB4056073A GB1444278A (en) 1973-05-17 1973-08-29 Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line
JP48101278A JPS5011282A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-17 1973-09-10
CA180,866A CA994864A (en) 1973-05-17 1973-09-12 Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line
NL7314660A NL7314660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-05-17 1973-10-25
DE2362391A DE2362391A1 (de) 1973-05-17 1973-12-13 In form eines vieldraht-proportionalzaehlers ausgebildeter strahlungsdetektor mit integrierter verzoegerungsleitung

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US361134A US3911279A (en) 1973-05-17 1973-05-17 Position sensitive multiwire proportional counter with integral delay line

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US3911279A true US3911279A (en) 1975-10-07

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US (1) US3911279A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5011282A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA994864A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2362391A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1444278A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7314660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071763A (en) * 1975-06-28 1978-01-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Electroradiographic device
US4076981A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-02-28 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Position sensitive area detector for use with X-ray diffractometer or X-ray camera
US4190771A (en) * 1977-08-24 1980-02-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation detection element
US4193000A (en) * 1976-11-25 1980-03-11 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Radiation detector adapted for use with a scanner
US4264816A (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-04-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ionization chamber
WO1981002637A1 (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-17 Univ Rockefeller A simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms
US4325001A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-04-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inorganic spark chamber frame and method of making the same
US4431921A (en) * 1980-01-29 1984-02-14 Filthuth Heinz A A W Position sensitive proportional counter of high resolution with delay line read out to measure the surface distribution of ionizing radiation
US4598204A (en) * 1982-01-25 1986-07-01 Bras Serge M Detector for localizing an electromagnetic radiation and a device for processing signals supplied by said detector
US4810893A (en) * 1985-03-26 1989-03-07 Vereniging Het Nederlands Kankerinstituut Image-detector for high energy photon beams
US4954709A (en) * 1989-08-16 1990-09-04 Apti, Inc. High resolution directional gamma ray detector
US4999501A (en) * 1985-08-27 1991-03-12 Baylor College Of Medicine High speed multiwire photon camera
US5087820A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-02-11 Digital Diagnostic Corp. Radiometric analysis system for solid support samples
US5099129A (en) * 1984-11-22 1992-03-24 Pullan Brian R Multiple sample radioactivity detector
US5384462A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-01-24 Levitt; Roy C. Process and apparatus for localizing a source of charged particles using an electric field
US5440135A (en) * 1993-09-01 1995-08-08 Shonka Research Associates, Inc. Self-calibrating radiation detectors for measuring the areal extent of contamination
US6371640B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for characterizing libraries of different materials using X-ray scattering
US20080272307A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2008-11-06 Science And Technology Facilities Council Radiation Detector
CN111650631A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-11 苏州研材微纳科技有限公司 多丝正比计数器中金属丝网的装配方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2000632B (en) * 1977-06-24 1982-02-10 National Research Development Co Position-sensitive neutral particle sensor

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US2509700A (en) * 1947-02-21 1950-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Radioactivity measuring device
US2657316A (en) * 1950-11-07 1953-10-27 Friedman Herbert Method of suppressing photoelectric threshold
US2694152A (en) * 1950-01-13 1954-11-09 Texaco Development Corp Detection and measurement of radiation
US3517194A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-06-23 Atomic Energy Commission Position-sensitive radiation detector
US3694655A (en) * 1970-12-29 1972-09-26 Nasa Cosmic dust or other similar outer space particles impact location detector
US3772521A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-11-13 Univ California Radiation camera and delay line readout

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2509700A (en) * 1947-02-21 1950-05-30 Atomic Energy Commission Radioactivity measuring device
US2694152A (en) * 1950-01-13 1954-11-09 Texaco Development Corp Detection and measurement of radiation
US2657316A (en) * 1950-11-07 1953-10-27 Friedman Herbert Method of suppressing photoelectric threshold
US3517194A (en) * 1968-10-24 1970-06-23 Atomic Energy Commission Position-sensitive radiation detector
US3694655A (en) * 1970-12-29 1972-09-26 Nasa Cosmic dust or other similar outer space particles impact location detector
US3772521A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-11-13 Univ California Radiation camera and delay line readout

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071763A (en) * 1975-06-28 1978-01-31 U.S. Philips Corporation Electroradiographic device
US4076981A (en) * 1976-07-29 1978-02-28 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Position sensitive area detector for use with X-ray diffractometer or X-ray camera
US4193000A (en) * 1976-11-25 1980-03-11 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. Radiation detector adapted for use with a scanner
US4190771A (en) * 1977-08-24 1980-02-26 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation detection element
US4264816A (en) * 1979-11-29 1981-04-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Ionization chamber
US4431921A (en) * 1980-01-29 1984-02-14 Filthuth Heinz A A W Position sensitive proportional counter of high resolution with delay line read out to measure the surface distribution of ionizing radiation
WO1981002637A1 (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-17 Univ Rockefeller A simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms
US4311908A (en) * 1980-03-04 1982-01-19 The Rockefeller University Simple electronic apparatus for the analysis of radioactively labeled gel electrophoretograms
US4325001A (en) * 1980-03-07 1982-04-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Inorganic spark chamber frame and method of making the same
US4598204A (en) * 1982-01-25 1986-07-01 Bras Serge M Detector for localizing an electromagnetic radiation and a device for processing signals supplied by said detector
US5099129A (en) * 1984-11-22 1992-03-24 Pullan Brian R Multiple sample radioactivity detector
US4810893A (en) * 1985-03-26 1989-03-07 Vereniging Het Nederlands Kankerinstituut Image-detector for high energy photon beams
US4999501A (en) * 1985-08-27 1991-03-12 Baylor College Of Medicine High speed multiwire photon camera
US5087820A (en) * 1989-05-31 1992-02-11 Digital Diagnostic Corp. Radiometric analysis system for solid support samples
US4954709A (en) * 1989-08-16 1990-09-04 Apti, Inc. High resolution directional gamma ray detector
US5384462A (en) * 1992-12-08 1995-01-24 Levitt; Roy C. Process and apparatus for localizing a source of charged particles using an electric field
US5440135A (en) * 1993-09-01 1995-08-08 Shonka Research Associates, Inc. Self-calibrating radiation detectors for measuring the areal extent of contamination
US5541415A (en) * 1993-09-01 1996-07-30 Shonka Research Associates, Inc. Self-calibrating radiation detectors for measuring the areal extent of contamination
US6371640B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2002-04-16 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for characterizing libraries of different materials using X-ray scattering
US6605473B1 (en) 1998-12-18 2003-08-12 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Method for characterizing libraries of different materials using x-ray scattering
US20040017896A1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2004-01-29 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for characterizing libraries of different materials using x-ray scattering
US20080272307A1 (en) * 2005-03-29 2008-11-06 Science And Technology Facilities Council Radiation Detector
CN111650631A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-09-11 苏州研材微纳科技有限公司 多丝正比计数器中金属丝网的装配方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7314660A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-11-19
DE2362391A1 (de) 1974-12-05
GB1444278A (en) 1976-07-28
JPS5011282A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-02-05
CA994864A (en) 1976-08-10

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