US3911160A - Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks - Google Patents

Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks Download PDF

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Publication number
US3911160A
US3911160A US452512A US45251274A US3911160A US 3911160 A US3911160 A US 3911160A US 452512 A US452512 A US 452512A US 45251274 A US45251274 A US 45251274A US 3911160 A US3911160 A US 3911160A
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United States
Prior art keywords
resin
ink
powder
accomplished
solvent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US452512A
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English (en)
Inventor
William B Neuberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shamrock Chemicals Corp
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Shamrock Chemicals Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shamrock Chemicals Corp filed Critical Shamrock Chemicals Corp
Priority to US452512A priority Critical patent/US3911160A/en
Priority to DE19752508972 priority patent/DE2508972A1/de
Priority to IT48636/75A priority patent/IT1032332B/it
Priority to JP50031899A priority patent/JPS5916951B2/ja
Priority to FR7508421A priority patent/FR2264670B3/fr
Priority to CH350575A priority patent/CH599860A5/xx
Priority to CA222,839A priority patent/CA1044087A/en
Priority to GB11455/75A priority patent/GB1492878A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3911160A publication Critical patent/US3911160A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/02—Dusting, e.g. with an anti-offset powder for obtaining raised printing such as by thermogravure ; Varnishing

Definitions

  • the printed surface may be leveled mechanically following curing, Such leveling produces a higher gloss.
  • Air pollution which normally is caused by solvent fumes in conventional processes is eliminated by this method. Moreover, heat energy is conserved as the need to vaporize a solvent and to carry-off the heated vapors is eliminated,
  • a resin powder having a particle size in the 30 to 200 mesh range, is applied to the ink on the freshly printed surface and melted to create a raised effect which simulates engraving.
  • the particle size of the powder controls the thickness or degree of raise of the printing. This thickness is generally between 0.1 and 0.2 mm. 100 and 200 microns) and it is necessary that the particle size of the powder be controlled to a close degree of uniformity.
  • the particle size is limited by the size of type used in printing since particles, which are too big, will overflow the sides of the letters and cause the edges to be uneven. Particles, which are too small, will not produce a proper degree of raise, and will also produce an area of mottled appearance on areas of heavy ink coverage.
  • Thermographic inks may or may not contain solvent.
  • a solvent-free ink is conventionally applied to a surface.
  • Powdered resin in which 95% of the particles have a size between about 1 and 26 microns and an average particle size of between about 5 and microns is then applied to the surface and it adheres to the wet ink. Subsequently, any excess powder is removed.
  • the printed surface is passed through a heating tunnel where the resin is melted. At this stage, the melted resin combines with the liquid ink.
  • thermoplastic resin cures when cooled to ambient temperature ifa thermoplastic resin is used or cures by polymerization if a thermosetting resin is used thus creating a non-raised, printed surface with a thickness below about 7 microns e.g., about 0.5 to 5 microns.
  • solvent-free inks fall into the following categories, among others:
  • Drying Oil Vehicle Inks These inks are formulated and manufactured from linseed, tung, soya, safflower, dehydrated castor, poppyseed and oiticia oils and may be modified with drying catalysts, such as metal soap dryers.
  • Drying Oil Alkyds These inks are made from the above-defined drying oil vehicle inks by additions of glycerine and isophthalie acid in sufficient amounts to achieve a desired working viscosity for the inks.
  • Resin Modified Drying Oils and Drying Oil Alkyds are made from phenolic or maleic resin modified drying oils or drying oil alkyds.
  • Gum Rosin and Tall Oil Rosin are made from either unreacted gum rosin or tall oil rosins.
  • Non-Drying Oils Inks made from mineral oils or petroleum oils, for example, newspaper inks.
  • Epoxy, Polyurethane and Polyamide Modified Inks Although some of these inks may contain solvents, inks of this type without solvents may be used. Selection of the ink is at the discretion of the printer who must decide which ink is best for a particular surface. If the surface is paper, the printer may chose one ink; if the surface is metal, he may chose another ink.
  • the resin that is used in the process of the present invention must be ground to a particle size finer than about 325 mesh.
  • the optimum particle size is between about 1 and 26 microns. However, it is critical to have an average particle size between about 5 and 10 microns.
  • These powders may be produced by grinding, cryogenic grinding, air milling, air classifying, spray drying, crystallization, or by combinations of these processes or procedures.
  • a typical powder has the following particle size count as measured micro- Average particle size equals the sum of nd divided by the sum ofn, i.e., 2612/485 to 4068/485 or 5.38 to 8.38 microns.
  • Any suitable resin may be employed in this invention provided that it can be powdered to the aforementioned required particle size, melted at the appropriate temperature, fused to a compatible composition with the ink and solidified on cooling to form a tack-free, immobile surface.
  • This includes both thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as resins which become thermosetting when combined with the ink or additives used in the ink.
  • the following resins are examples of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well as resins which become thermosetting when combined with the ink or additives used in the ink.
  • rosin rosin modified with maleic. fumaric, phenolic or inorganic components rosin, petroleum, polyamide, natural, alkyd, epoxy, acrylic, urethane, amino, wax-modified, pigmentor filler-modified, plasticizer-modified and inorganics.
  • Wax may be added optionally to the powdered resin in an amount ranging from about /2 to 3'7? by weight in order to increase rub resistance. It is necessary, however, that the wax have a particle size comparable to that of the powdered resin.
  • the following waxes, among others, may be used: paraffin, microcrystalline, natural, synthetic, compounded, polyethylene, and polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • other materials may be used as additives, including colorants, cure promoters, leveling agents, and functional additives among others.
  • the powdered resin must be applied to the freshly printed surface by a method which will give a relatively uniform coating.
  • the quantity of powdered resin used is usually kept to the minimum required to cure the ink.
  • the preferred method of powdered resin application is by electrostatic powder coating.
  • electrostatic guns are used to release a precisely controlled powder distribution by means of controlling an electrostatic charge on the resin particles and an opposite charge on the freshly printed surface.
  • the electrostatic guns are housed in a chamber having entry and exit openings to permit passage of the freshly printed surface therethrough. This chamber confines the powder to the area of application so that the powder will not pollute the air.
  • the powder may be applied with an air gun.
  • a fluidized bed also may be used wherein the freshly printed surface is passed through an atmosphere containing the powder, or an electrodynamic device may be employed.
  • Powder which does not adhere to the ink, may be removed prior to curing.
  • an air knife is used for this purpose.
  • An air knife is an apparatus having a slit or a series of holes through which air is forced. Suitable air pressures are in the range of between about and 50 pounds per square inch.
  • the air stream is directed against the powder coated surface and blows the powder off the areas which are not printed with ink.
  • the air used for this purpose may be ionized to promote dissipation of the electrostatic charges.
  • This apparatus may be housed in its own chamber or in the same chamber as the electrostatic guns and downstream of the area where the powder is applied. It is preferable to recycle the powder which is removed.
  • Curing proceeds by heating in a tunnel to effect a surface temperature about 50 to l50F above the melting point of the resin. Direct flame or infrared heating tunnels among others may be used for this curing step.
  • the printing process being continuous and dynamic by its nature requires the adjustment of inking rate, fountain solution, and other variables to arrive at the desired product on the delivery end of the press.
  • rate of powder application as controlled by the positioning of the powder guns, choice of voltages, feed rates, and other controls must be adjusted to be compatible with the press.
  • a typical apparatus for carrying out the present invention is illustrated in the attached schematic drawing.
  • a roll 1 of paper continuously feeds paper 2 to a conventional printing press 3 where the solvent-free ink is applied.
  • a static eliminator or precharging device 4 controls the electrostatic charge on the freshly printed paper 2 which then enters chamber 5 where electrostatic guns 6 discharge electrostatically charged powder.
  • the powder covered paper 2 then enters air knife 7 where powder which has not adhered to the ink is removed.
  • the resin melts and fuses with the ink.
  • Chill rolls 9 provide a drive for the paper 2 and effect a cooling and leveling of the printed surface, which renders the printing cured.
  • EXAMPLE I A non-drying process blue offset ink was used to print a detailed picture having some letter characters and a wide range of half-tone density.
  • the paper was electrostatically charged and a powder was used having an average particle size of about 7 microns and having the following compositions:
  • Composition V1 M P Composition V1 M P.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I was repeated except that the air knife was used to remove excess powder. A cured glossy image was produced having a thickness of about 5 microns.
  • Example Ill The proceedure of Example ll was repeated except that the rate at which powder was applied was reduced by one half. A cured, semi-gloss image was produced having a thickness of about 4 /2 microns.
  • thermoplastic thermoplastic and said curing step is accomplished by heating said surface to a temperature of about 50F. to F. above the melting point of said resin.

Landscapes

  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
US452512A 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks Expired - Lifetime US3911160A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US452512A US3911160A (en) 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks
DE19752508972 DE2508972A1 (de) 1974-03-19 1975-03-01 Farbaufbringungs- oder druckverfahren
IT48636/75A IT1032332B (it) 1974-03-19 1975-03-17 Metodo per indurire inchiostriprivi di solvente
FR7508421A FR2264670B3 (en, 2012) 1974-03-19 1975-03-18
JP50031899A JPS5916951B2 (ja) 1974-03-19 1975-03-18 無溶媒インクを硬化させるために樹脂粉末を使用する方法
CH350575A CH599860A5 (en, 2012) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19
CA222,839A CA1044087A (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks
GB11455/75A GB1492878A (en) 1974-03-19 1975-03-19 Printing process

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US452512A US3911160A (en) 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3911160A true US3911160A (en) 1975-10-07

Family

ID=23796747

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US452512A Expired - Lifetime US3911160A (en) 1974-03-19 1974-03-19 Method of using resin powders to cure solvent-free inks

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3911160A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS5916951B2 (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA1044087A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH599860A5 (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2508972A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2264670B3 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1492878A (en, 2012)
IT (1) IT1032332B (en, 2012)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4157936A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-06-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4243700A (en) * 1978-02-21 1981-01-06 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4254163A (en) * 1979-04-13 1981-03-03 Western Electric Company, Inc. Strippable resists
US4312268A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-01-26 The Standard Register Company Apparatus and method for coating of inks applied at high speed
US4399166A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-08-16 The Oakland Corporation Friction lock for threads
US4421814A (en) * 1979-04-13 1983-12-20 Western Electric Co., Inc. Strippable resists
US4615911A (en) * 1984-08-13 1986-10-07 Shamrock Chemicals Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
WO1988001205A1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Data Card Corporation Image permanence method and device
US4729918A (en) * 1984-08-13 1988-03-08 Shamrock Chemical Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
US4869921A (en) * 1986-08-14 1989-09-26 Pierce Companies, Inc. Image permanence method
WO1991005885A3 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-05-30 Dunfries Investments Ltd Laser coating process
AU615944B2 (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-10-17 Oris S.A. Improved method and installation for modifying the surface state of materials, in particular of the paper and/or card type
US5565246A (en) * 1992-10-02 1996-10-15 Hyde; Timothy S. Method of forming heat-resistant raised print from radiation-curable solid particulate compositions
US5699743A (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-12-23 Ganz; Leonard R. Composition and method for raised thermographic printing
WO1999059737A1 (en) * 1998-05-18 1999-11-25 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
WO2000058025A1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Cognis Corporation Scuff and bloom resistant polyamide resin compositions
US6733844B2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2004-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Photographic-quality prints and methods for making the same
US20070218195A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Eastman Kodak Company Offset prevention in electrophotographic printers
US10723147B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2020-07-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US10988901B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2021-04-27 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital overlay
US11065889B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2021-07-20 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital binder printing
US11833846B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2023-12-05 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital embossed in register surface
US11878324B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2024-01-23 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57205194A (en) * 1981-06-12 1982-12-16 Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd Polishing method for picture line part in thick painting
DE3525824C1 (de) * 1985-07-19 1986-11-06 Transfertex GmbH & Co Thermodruck KG, 8752 Kleinostheim Verfahren zum Bedrucken von im Transferdruck nicht unmittelbar bedruckbaren Materialien
US5126186A (en) * 1991-06-24 1992-06-30 Cheek Maurice R Enhancement of fabric ribbon type impressions
DE102007016790A1 (de) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-09 Deutsche Mechatronics Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Übereinanderschichten oder Ablegen von blatt- oder bahnförmigem Material
ES2846001T3 (es) * 2013-01-11 2021-07-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Tinta seca para impresión digital

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1084742A (en) * 1912-04-22 1914-01-20 William Lambert Jacobs Process of producing embossed surfaces.
US2110219A (en) * 1937-07-31 1938-03-08 Binks Mfg Co Method of preventing offset in printing
US2317372A (en) * 1940-12-26 1943-04-27 Interchem Corp Method of printing and composition useful therein
US2528850A (en) * 1947-07-08 1950-11-07 Meyercord Co Process of drying printing inks
US2681473A (en) * 1948-12-30 1954-06-22 Chester F Carlson Manufacture of plaques and the like
US3083116A (en) * 1959-11-16 1963-03-26 Virkotype Corp Raised printing powder and method of making same and using same
US3440076A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-04-22 Fox River Paper Corp Raised printing process
US3444809A (en) * 1965-06-05 1969-05-20 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Reproduction process
US3464353A (en) * 1964-09-09 1969-09-02 Dick Co Ab Method for producing copies
US3523031A (en) * 1967-03-01 1970-08-04 Ben Walters Process for making ornamental plastic sheeting
US3617328A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-11-02 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Transfer elements and method of making same
US3640749A (en) * 1968-03-14 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Method of fixing images consisting of dry powders on paper

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1084742A (en) * 1912-04-22 1914-01-20 William Lambert Jacobs Process of producing embossed surfaces.
US2110219A (en) * 1937-07-31 1938-03-08 Binks Mfg Co Method of preventing offset in printing
US2317372A (en) * 1940-12-26 1943-04-27 Interchem Corp Method of printing and composition useful therein
US2528850A (en) * 1947-07-08 1950-11-07 Meyercord Co Process of drying printing inks
US2681473A (en) * 1948-12-30 1954-06-22 Chester F Carlson Manufacture of plaques and the like
US3083116A (en) * 1959-11-16 1963-03-26 Virkotype Corp Raised printing powder and method of making same and using same
US3464353A (en) * 1964-09-09 1969-09-02 Dick Co Ab Method for producing copies
US3444809A (en) * 1965-06-05 1969-05-20 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Reproduction process
US3440076A (en) * 1965-11-12 1969-04-22 Fox River Paper Corp Raised printing process
US3523031A (en) * 1967-03-01 1970-08-04 Ben Walters Process for making ornamental plastic sheeting
US3617328A (en) * 1967-09-25 1971-11-02 Columbia Ribbon & Carbon Transfer elements and method of making same
US3640749A (en) * 1968-03-14 1972-02-08 Philips Corp Method of fixing images consisting of dry powders on paper

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2417398A1 (fr) * 1978-02-21 1979-09-14 Western Electric Co Procede pour rendre eliminable une encre a base de resine alkyde modifiee a l'huile ou dont le vehicule est une huile siccative
US4243700A (en) * 1978-02-21 1981-01-06 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4157936A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-06-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method of rendering an ink strippable
US4254163A (en) * 1979-04-13 1981-03-03 Western Electric Company, Inc. Strippable resists
US4421814A (en) * 1979-04-13 1983-12-20 Western Electric Co., Inc. Strippable resists
US4312268A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-01-26 The Standard Register Company Apparatus and method for coating of inks applied at high speed
US4399166A (en) * 1981-06-08 1983-08-16 The Oakland Corporation Friction lock for threads
US4729918A (en) * 1984-08-13 1988-03-08 Shamrock Chemical Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
US4615911A (en) * 1984-08-13 1986-10-07 Shamrock Chemicals Corporation Method of using powders to cure solvent free inks
WO1988001205A1 (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-02-25 Data Card Corporation Image permanence method and device
US4779558A (en) * 1986-08-14 1988-10-25 Pierce Companies, Inc. Image permanence device
US4869921A (en) * 1986-08-14 1989-09-26 Pierce Companies, Inc. Image permanence method
AU612596B2 (en) * 1986-08-14 1991-07-18 Troy Systems, Inc. Image permanence method and device
US5200230A (en) * 1987-06-29 1993-04-06 Dunfries Investments Limited Laser coating process
AU615944B2 (en) * 1987-10-05 1991-10-17 Oris S.A. Improved method and installation for modifying the surface state of materials, in particular of the paper and/or card type
WO1991005885A3 (en) * 1989-10-11 1991-05-30 Dunfries Investments Ltd Laser coating process
US5565246A (en) * 1992-10-02 1996-10-15 Hyde; Timothy S. Method of forming heat-resistant raised print from radiation-curable solid particulate compositions
US5699743A (en) * 1996-05-17 1997-12-23 Ganz; Leonard R. Composition and method for raised thermographic printing
WO1999059737A1 (en) * 1998-05-18 1999-11-25 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
EP1098717A4 (en) * 1998-05-18 2006-03-29 Faust Thermographic Supply Inc THERMOGRAPHIC PRINTING DEVICE AND METHOD
US6119598A (en) * 1998-05-18 2000-09-19 Faust Thermographic Supply, Inc. Apparatus and method for thermographic printing
WO2000058025A1 (en) * 1999-03-30 2000-10-05 Cognis Corporation Scuff and bloom resistant polyamide resin compositions
US6355770B1 (en) 1999-03-30 2002-03-12 Cognis Corporation Scuff and bloom resistant polyamide resin compositions
US6733844B2 (en) * 2000-04-20 2004-05-11 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Photographic-quality prints and methods for making the same
US20070218195A1 (en) * 2006-03-16 2007-09-20 Eastman Kodak Company Offset prevention in electrophotographic printers
US7670642B2 (en) * 2006-03-16 2010-03-02 Eastman Kodak Company Method of powder coating for offset prevention in electrophotographic printers
US11833846B2 (en) 2012-07-17 2023-12-05 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital embossed in register surface
US11065889B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2021-07-20 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital binder printing
US10800186B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2020-10-13 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital printing with transparent blank ink
US11014378B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2021-05-25 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital embossing
US11130352B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2021-09-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital binder and powder print
US11285508B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2022-03-29 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US10723147B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2020-07-28 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US11878324B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2024-01-23 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital thermal binder and powder printing
US12172186B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2024-12-24 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Method of forming a digital print with dry powder
US12318808B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2025-06-03 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital printing with transparent blank ink
US10988901B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2021-04-27 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital overlay
US11566380B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2023-01-31 Ceraloc Innovation Ab Digital overlay

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1032332B (it) 1979-05-30
GB1492878A (en) 1977-11-23
JPS50133011A (en, 2012) 1975-10-21
CH599860A5 (en, 2012) 1978-05-31
DE2508972A1 (de) 1975-09-25
FR2264670B3 (en, 2012) 1977-11-25
FR2264670A1 (en, 2012) 1975-10-17
JPS5916951B2 (ja) 1984-04-18
CA1044087A (en) 1978-12-12

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