US3910028A - Contact spring index system for timepieces - Google Patents

Contact spring index system for timepieces Download PDF

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US3910028A
US3910028A US546489A US54648975A US3910028A US 3910028 A US3910028 A US 3910028A US 546489 A US546489 A US 546489A US 54648975 A US54648975 A US 54648975A US 3910028 A US3910028 A US 3910028A
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wheel
contact spring
timepieces
contact
drive means
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US546489A
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Jean G Suard
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Timex Group USA Inc
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Timex Corp
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Assigned to CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., THE reassignment CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., THE SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FREDERIKSPLEIN HOLDING 1970 B.V., TIMEX CLOCK COMPANY, A DE CORP., TIMEX COMPUTERS LTD., A DE CORP., TIMEX CORPORATION, A DE CORP., TIMEX ENTERPRISES, INC., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX GROUP LTD., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX MEDICAL PRODUCTS LTD., A BERMUDA CORP., TIMEX N.V.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/061—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling contacts and mechanically driving the gear-train

Definitions

  • a contact spring index system for timepieces comprises a simplified indexing arrangement wherein an oscillating balance wheel activates a contact spring to directly drive the seconds wheel of the timepiece. More specifically, the drive means for the timepiece oscillates the balance wheel at a predetermined frequency while a contact pin mounted on the balance wheel periodically displaces a cantilevered contact spring. The displaced contact spring engages and drives a ratchet wheel in a predetermined manner. The ratchet wheel is mounted on a shaft which includes a worm gear portion in direct engagement with the seconds wheel of the timepiece. Thus, the balance wheel motion is directly transmitted by the contact spring to the timing wheels of the timepiece.
  • the present invention relates to timepieces and particularly to an improved indexing system for electric timepieces.
  • German OLS 1,673,770 dated Apr. 25, 1967 in the name of Manfred Grozinger disclosesan indexing apparatus wherein a tooth member affixed to one end of the watch stem forces a contact spring into engagement with an index wheel for driving purposes.
  • US. Pat. No. 1,772,556 to A. F. Poole which issued Aug. 12, 1930 disclosing the use of a pawl and worm gear in an indexing device.
  • US. Pat. No'. 2,976,673 to Petters et al which issued Mar. 28, 1961
  • US. Pat. No.'3,153,896 to Smulski which issued Oct. 27, 1964
  • US. Pat. No. 3,184,910 to Laviolette which issued May 25, 1965.
  • the present invention comprises an extremely simple and advantageous indexing mechanism which differs considerably from the prior art discussed above.
  • the seconds wheel is in direct engagement with the worm gear portion of the ratchet shaft utilizing relatively few and inexpensive parts to provide an extemely accurate timepiece design.
  • the present invention pertains to a contact spring index system for timepieces wherein a contact pin on an oscillator balance wheel activates a cantilevered contact spring to directly drive an indexing arrangement.
  • an electric motor for the timepiece drives the balance wheel at a predetermined frequency.
  • a contact pin which projects outwardly from the balance wheel displaces the free end of the contact spring preferably with a slight lifting motion.
  • the displaced contact spring indexes a ratchet wheel shaft which drives the seconds wheel of the timepiece via a worm gear portion on said shaft.
  • the axis of the ratchet wheel may be off-centered with respect to the balance wheel staff to impart added lift to the contact spring and thereby improve the functioning of the ratchet wheel.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a new and improved indexing system for timepieces.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved contact spring means for directly driving an indexing arrangement.
  • a more specific object of this invention is to provide a new and improved indexing means for an electric timepiece wherein a contact spring is activated by an oscillating balance wheel to directly drive a ratchet wheel coupled to the seconds wheel of the timepiece.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified perspective view of the indexing system comprising the present invention with'conventional portions of the timepiece omitted.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial top view of the indexing system of FIG. 1 illustrating the relationship of the contact pin and contact spring in effecting movement of the ratchet wheel.
  • FIG. 3a-3d illustrate sequentially and in a simplified manner the driving of the ratchet wheel by the contact spring.
  • FIG. 4a and 4b illustrate the functioning of the ratchet wheel and contact pin in somewhat greater detail
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the improved functioning of the system due to an 'offcentered index wheel.
  • the invention comprises an indexing system 10 for timepieces of the electric or electronic type. Since the invention is suitable for use with numerous timepiece designs and the details of such timepieces are conventional and well-known, only the specific elements of the invention are shown in the drawings.
  • the balance wheel 11 is mounted to staff 12 and includes a coil 13 mounted thereto.
  • the balance wheel 11 is oscillated back and forth about the staff axis by a drive means or circuit (not shown) which interacts with the coil 13.
  • the details of such drive means being within the skill of the art are omitted from the representation of FIG. 1.
  • the balance wheel 11 includes a mounting or contact 14 having a contact pin 16 projecting downwardly therefrom.
  • the pin 16 may be mounted for rotation or fixedly mounted so that it remains in place as it engages the free end 17 of the contact spring 18.
  • the other end 19 of the contact spring 18 is fixedly mounted in an insulated contact block '21 so that the spring is cantilevered outwardly therefrom.
  • the free end 17 of the spring 18 is displaced by the contact pin 16 as the balance wheel oscillates back and forth in the manner shown in FIG. 4a.
  • a ratchet wheel 22 is mounted on the end of a shaft 23 which is positioned substantially parallel to the contact spring 18.
  • the shaft 23 also includes an intermediate worm gear portion 24 which engages the seconds wheel 25 of the timepiece.
  • the seconds wheel 25 is, of course, coupled to the minutes wheel and hour wheel of the timepiece in a convenient manner so that the driving movement of the balance wheel 11 is transmitted to the watch indicating means (not shown) via the disclosed indexing arrangement.
  • FIG. 30 shows the end 17 of the contact spring 18 at rest while FIG. 3d shows the return movement of the spring as the balance wheel 13 is oscillated in the opposite direction.
  • the balance staff axis 26 and the axis 28 of the ratchet wheel 22 are in substantially the same plane.
  • the contact improved tooth/spring working condition by reducing the lifting of the contact spring 18 by the distance 31 during the reverse movement of the balance wheel 11 and as the spring end 17 clears the tooth 33.
  • the distance 35 represents the lift up distance of the spring end 17 during the reverse movement of the balance wheel 11.
  • the indexing means 10 of the present invention thus permits asimple and inexpensive direct drive from the balance wheel 11 which is suitable for use in highly accurate timepieces of the quartz crystal type.
  • An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system comprising:v
  • a shaft rotatably mounted within the timepiece and adjacent the contact spring, said shaft having a worm gear portion and a ratchet wheel mounted to be engaged and driven by the contact spring, and
  • timing means engaging the worm gear portion of the shaft to be indexed thereby when the contact spring drives the ratchet wheel under urging of the contact means on the oscillatory member.
  • An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
  • the oscillatory member comprises a balance wheel and the contact means comprises a pin extending outwardly from the balance wheel.
  • Anindexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
  • the contact spring is an elongated flexible member extending substantially parallel to the shaft.
  • An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
  • the timing means comprises a seconds wheel meshing with the worm gear portion of the shaft and being driven thereby, minutes and hours means being coupled to said seconds wheel, and indicating means driven by the respective seconds wheel and minutes and hours means.
  • An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
  • the axis of the ratchet wheel is off centered with respect to the axis of the balance shaft to impart increased lift to the contact spring so that it readily clears the ratchet wheel during its movement in a reverse direction.
  • the ratchet wheel includes a plurality of teeth which are designed so that the teeth are engaged by the contact spring to be driven in one direction.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Abstract

A contact spring index system for timepieces comprises a simplified indexing arrangement wherein an oscillating balance wheel activates a contact spring to directly drive the seconds wheel of the timepiece. More specifically, the drive means for the timepiece oscillates the balance wheel at a predetermined frequency while a contact pin mounted on the balance wheel periodically displaces a cantilevered contact spring. The displaced contact spring engages and drives a ratchet wheel in a predetermined manner. The ratchet wheel is mounted on a shaft which includes a worm gear portion in direct engagement with the seconds wheel of the timepiece. Thus, the balance wheel motion is directly transmitted by the contact spring to the timing wheels of the timepiece.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Suard 1 Oct. 7, 1975 [54] CONTACT SPRING INDEX SYSTEM FOR 3,504,206 3/1970 Fritsch 58/116 R X TIMEPIECES. FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [75] Inventor: Jean G. Suard, Besancon, France 343,301 1 1960 Switzerland 58/116 R [73] Asslgnee: 22:? Corporatlon Waterbury Primary ExaminerGeorge H. Miller, Jr.
[22] Filed: Feb. 13,1975 [57] ABSTRACT [52] US. Cl. 58/28 B; 58/116 R [51] Int. Cl. G04C 3/04; G04B 15/00 [58] Field of Search.... 58/28 R, 28 A, 28 B, 116 R,
58/116 M, 117, 118, 121 R, 121 M [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,826,719 10/1931 Battagay 58/28 A 1,911,062 5/1933 Conrad 58/28 A 2,531,966 11/1950 Berge 1. 58/28 A 2,572,989 10/1951 Contant et al 58/28 A X 2,631,423 3/1953 Sullivan et al. 58/28 A 3,153,896 10/1964 Smulski 58/28 A 3,286,457 11/1966 Ando 58/116 R A contact spring index system for timepieces comprises a simplified indexing arrangement wherein an oscillating balance wheel activates a contact spring to directly drive the seconds wheel of the timepiece. More specifically, the drive means for the timepiece oscillates the balance wheel at a predetermined frequency while a contact pin mounted on the balance wheel periodically displaces a cantilevered contact spring. The displaced contact spring engages and drives a ratchet wheel in a predetermined manner. The ratchet wheel is mounted on a shaft which includes a worm gear portion in direct engagement with the seconds wheel of the timepiece. Thus, the balance wheel motion is directly transmitted by the contact spring to the timing wheels of the timepiece.
7 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures US. Patent Oct. 7,1975 She et2 of2 3,910,028
CONTACT SPRING INDEX SYSTEM FOR TIMEPIECES BACKGROUND. OF THE-INVENTION The present invention relates to timepieces and particularly to an improved indexing system for electric timepieces.
The prior art includes various indexing systemsfor use in watches. Typical arrangements are disclosed in Stephenson US. Pat. .No. 40,508 which issued Nov. 3, 1863 and Wensch US. Pat. No. 247,721 which issued Sept. 27, 1881 wherein displacement of a spring or lever by a balance wheel is utilized to drive an escapement mechanism.-
German OLS 1,673,770 dated Apr. 25, 1967 in the name of Manfred Grozinger disclosesan indexing apparatus wherein a tooth member affixed to one end of the watch stem forces a contact spring into engagement with an index wheel for driving purposes. Further exemplary of the art is US. Pat. No. 1,772,556 to A. F. Poole which issued Aug. 12, 1930 disclosing the use of a pawl and worm gear in an indexing device. Also of interest are US. Pat. No'. 2,976,673 to Petters et al which issued Mar. 28, 1961, US. Pat. No.'3,153,896 to Smulski which issued Oct. 27, 1964 and US. Pat. No. 3,184,910 to Laviolette which issued May 25, 1965. These patents disclose various limited features in the indexing art and have been cited herein as of general interest. The prior art mentioned above is not intended to be an all inclusive listing of pertinent prior art patents but merely is intended to state the-more pertinent prior art which has come to applicants attention.
The present invention comprises an extremely simple and advantageous indexing mechanism which differs considerably from the prior art discussed above. In this invention, the seconds wheel is in direct engagement with the worm gear portion of the ratchet shaft utilizing relatively few and inexpensive parts to provide an extemely accurate timepiece design.
SUMMARY THE INVENTION The present invention pertains to a contact spring index system for timepieces wherein a contact pin on an oscillator balance wheel activates a cantilevered contact spring to directly drive an indexing arrangement. In the preferred embodiment, an electric motor for the timepiece drives the balance wheel at a predetermined frequency. A contact pin which projects outwardly from the balance wheel displaces the free end of the contact spring preferably with a slight lifting motion. The displaced contact spring indexes a ratchet wheel shaft which drives the seconds wheel of the timepiece via a worm gear portion on said shaft. The axis of the ratchet wheel may be off-centered with respect to the balance wheel staff to impart added lift to the contact spring and thereby improve the functioning of the ratchet wheel.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide a new and improved indexing system for timepieces.
Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved contact spring means for directly driving an indexing arrangement.
A more specific object of this invention is to provide a new and improved indexing means for an electric timepiece wherein a contact spring is activated by an oscillating balance wheel to directly drive a ratchet wheel coupled to the seconds wheel of the timepiece.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION or THE DRAWINGS Other objects and advantages of this invention may be seen from the following description when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a simplified perspective view of the indexing system comprising the present invention with'conventional portions of the timepiece omitted.
FIG. 2 is a partial top view of the indexing system of FIG. 1 illustrating the relationship of the contact pin and contact spring in effecting movement of the ratchet wheel.
FIG. 3a-3d illustrate sequentially and in a simplified manner the driving of the ratchet wheel by the contact spring.
FIG. 4a and 4b illustrate the functioning of the ratchet wheel and contact pin in somewhat greater detail; and
FIG. 5 illustrates the improved functioning of the system due to an 'offcentered index wheel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to the drawings, the invention comprises an indexing system 10 for timepieces of the electric or electronic type. Since the invention is suitable for use with numerous timepiece designs and the details of such timepieces are conventional and well-known, only the specific elements of the invention are shown in the drawings. For example, the balance wheel 11 is mounted to staff 12 and includes a coil 13 mounted thereto. The balance wheel 11 is oscillated back and forth about the staff axis by a drive means or circuit (not shown) which interacts with the coil 13. The details of such drive means being within the skill of the art are omitted from the representation of FIG. 1.
The balance wheel 11 includes a mounting or contact 14 having a contact pin 16 projecting downwardly therefrom. The pin 16 may be mounted for rotation or fixedly mounted so that it remains in place as it engages the free end 17 of the contact spring 18. The other end 19 of the contact spring 18 is fixedly mounted in an insulated contact block '21 so that the spring is cantilevered outwardly therefrom. The free end 17 of the spring 18 is displaced by the contact pin 16 as the balance wheel oscillates back and forth in the manner shown in FIG. 4a.
A ratchet wheel 22 is mounted on the end of a shaft 23 which is positioned substantially parallel to the contact spring 18. The shaft 23 also includes an intermediate worm gear portion 24 which engages the seconds wheel 25 of the timepiece. The seconds wheel 25 is, of course, coupled to the minutes wheel and hour wheel of the timepiece in a convenient manner so that the driving movement of the balance wheel 11 is transmitted to the watch indicating means (not shown) via the disclosed indexing arrangement.
In operation the contact pin 16 on the oscillatory balance wheel 11 engages the end 17 of the contact spring 18 as shown in FIG. 3a. As the balance wheel 13 oscillates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3b, the ratchet wheel is indexed thereby. FIG. 30 shows the end 17 of the contact spring 18 at rest while FIG. 3d shows the return movement of the spring as the balance wheel 13 is oscillated in the opposite direction.
As shown in greater detail in FIG. 4a and 4b, the balance staff axis 26 and the axis 28 of the ratchet wheel 22 are in substantially the same plane. The contact improved tooth/spring working condition by reducing the lifting of the contact spring 18 by the distance 31 during the reverse movement of the balance wheel 11 and as the spring end 17 clears the tooth 33. The distance 35 represents the lift up distance of the spring end 17 during the reverse movement of the balance wheel 11. After the return movement, the spring 18 moves the wheel 22 in the indicated direction as the balance wheel 11 moves forward. Thus the wheel 22 is driven in a single direction.
As the ratchet wheel 22 is indexed by the contact spring 18, the intermediate worm gear portion 24 on the ratchet shaft drives the meshing seconds wheel 25 of the timepiece The seconds wheel 25 is coupled to the other timing wheels in a conventional arrangement so that the indicating means are driven thereby. The indexing means 10 of the present invention thus permits asimple and inexpensive direct drive from the balance wheel 11 which is suitable for use in highly accurate timepieces of the quartz crystal type.
While the invention has been explained by a detailed description of certain specific embodiments, it is understood that various modifications and substitutions can be made in any of them within the scope of the appended claims which are intended also to include equivalents of such embodiments.
What is claimed is:
1. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system comprising:v
an oscillatory member driven by said drive means and having contact means mounted thereon,
a contact spring fixedly mounted at one end and having the other free end periodically engaged by the contact means during the movement of the oscillatory member,
a shaft rotatably mounted within the timepiece and adjacent the contact spring, said shaft having a worm gear portion and a ratchet wheel mounted to be engaged and driven by the contact spring, and
timing means engaging the worm gear portion of the shaft to be indexed thereby when the contact spring drives the ratchet wheel under urging of the contact means on the oscillatory member.
2. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
the oscillatory member comprises a balance wheel and the contact means comprises a pin extending outwardly from the balance wheel.
3. Anindexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
the contact spring is an elongated flexible member extending substantially parallel to the shaft.
4. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
the timing means comprises a seconds wheel meshing with the worm gear portion of the shaft and being driven thereby, minutes and hours means being coupled to said seconds wheel, and indicating means driven by the respective seconds wheel and minutes and hours means.
5. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
' the axis of the ratchet wheel is off centered with respect to the axis of the balance shaft to impart increased lift to the contact spring so that it readily clears the ratchet wheel during its movement in a reverse direction.
6. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: V
g the contact pin is fixedly mounted adjacent the balance wheel and is driven thereby. 7. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
the ratchet wheel includes a plurality of teeth which are designed so that the teeth are engaged by the contact spring to be driven in one direction.

Claims (7)

1. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system comprising: an oscillatory member driven by said drive means and having contact means mounted thereon, a contact spring fixedly mounted at one end and having the other free end periodically engaged by the contact means during the movement of the oscillatory member, a shaft rotatably mounted within the timepiece and adjacent the contact spring, said shaft having a worm gear portion and a ratchet wheel mounted to be engaged and driven by the contact spring, and timing means engaging the worm gear portion of the shaft to be indexed thereby when the contact spring drives the ratchet wheel under urging of the contact means on the oscillatory member.
2. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the oscillatory member comprises a balance wheel and the contact means comprises a pin extending outwardly from the balance wheel.
3. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the contact spring is an elongated flexible member extending substantially parallel to the shaft.
4. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the timing means comprises a seconds wheel meshing with the worm gear portion of the shaft and being driven thereby, minutes and hours means being coupled to said seconds wheel, and indicating means driven by the respective seconds wheel and minutes and hours means.
5. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the axis of the ratchet wheel is off centered with respect to the axis of the balance shaft to impart increased lift to the contact spring so that it readily clears the ratchet wheel during its movement in a reverse direction.
6. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordaNce with claim 1 wherein: the contact pin is fixedly mounted adjacent the balance wheel and is driven thereby.
7. An indexing system for timepieces having a drive means coupled to said system in accordance with claim 1 wherein: the ratchet wheel includes a plurality of teeth which are designed so that the teeth are engaged by the contact spring to be driven in one direction.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207733A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-06-17 Datcon Instrument Company Elapsed time indicator
US6877893B2 (en) * 1998-07-14 2005-04-12 Elmar Mock Timepiece with mechanical regulation

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1826719A (en) * 1927-06-21 1931-10-13 Battegay Constant Self-oscillating electric clock
US1911062A (en) * 1927-03-17 1933-05-23 Conrad Frank Electric clock
US2531966A (en) * 1944-12-11 1950-11-28 Jaeger Watch Company Inc Electromagnetic timepiece with oil shield
US2572989A (en) * 1948-10-27 1951-10-30 Gen Motors Corp Electric clock drive
US2631423A (en) * 1945-07-11 1953-03-17 Gen Motors Corp Electric clock
US3153896A (en) * 1961-11-09 1964-10-27 Anderson Co Electric clock
US3286457A (en) * 1962-03-20 1966-11-22 Hattori Tokeiten Ginza Kk Oscillation device of magnetic escapement
US3504206A (en) * 1968-08-27 1970-03-31 Hamilton Watch Co Indexing mechanism

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1911062A (en) * 1927-03-17 1933-05-23 Conrad Frank Electric clock
US1826719A (en) * 1927-06-21 1931-10-13 Battegay Constant Self-oscillating electric clock
US2531966A (en) * 1944-12-11 1950-11-28 Jaeger Watch Company Inc Electromagnetic timepiece with oil shield
US2631423A (en) * 1945-07-11 1953-03-17 Gen Motors Corp Electric clock
US2572989A (en) * 1948-10-27 1951-10-30 Gen Motors Corp Electric clock drive
US3153896A (en) * 1961-11-09 1964-10-27 Anderson Co Electric clock
US3286457A (en) * 1962-03-20 1966-11-22 Hattori Tokeiten Ginza Kk Oscillation device of magnetic escapement
US3504206A (en) * 1968-08-27 1970-03-31 Hamilton Watch Co Indexing mechanism

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207733A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-06-17 Datcon Instrument Company Elapsed time indicator
US6877893B2 (en) * 1998-07-14 2005-04-12 Elmar Mock Timepiece with mechanical regulation

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Owner name: CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., THE

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TIMEX CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;TIMEX COMPUTERS LTD., A DE CORP.;TIMEX CLOCK COMPANY, A DE CORP.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:004181/0596

Effective date: 19830331