US3908756A - Tube-in-shell heat exchangers - Google Patents

Tube-in-shell heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3908756A
US3908756A US456265A US45626574A US3908756A US 3908756 A US3908756 A US 3908756A US 456265 A US456265 A US 456265A US 45626574 A US45626574 A US 45626574A US 3908756 A US3908756 A US 3908756A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
heat exchanger
shell
tubes
heat exchange
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US456265A
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English (en)
Inventor
John Richardson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Atomic Energy Authority
Original Assignee
UK Atomic Energy Authority
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Atomic Energy Authority filed Critical UK Atomic Energy Authority
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3908756A publication Critical patent/US3908756A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A tubc-in-Shell heat exchanger comprises co-uxial ⁇ 30] Forelgn Apphfanonrnonu Data tubes on the longitudinal axis of a bundle of heat cx- Apr. 16. 1973 United Kingdom 18312/73 Change tubes
  • the Outer tube incorporates two spaccd cylindrical tube sheets in which the opposed ends of U.S- Cl- 1 the heat exchange tubes arc reccivcd
  • Cl F28f 9/02 is Closed at one end and the Corresponding end of the 8] Fleld of Search l65/l58l6l, inner tube is Sealed to the Outer tube between the tube 165/145; 122/32, 3 1 76 sheets to define discrete co-uxiul fluid flow ducts which are interconnected at the closed end region of [561 References C'ted the outer tube by the heat exchange tubes.
  • tube-in-shell heat exchangers comprise a bundle of parallel tubes within a shell or container, one fluid being arranged to flow through the tubes in heat exchange with a second fluid flowing through the shell.
  • the tubes are usually end supported by tube plates or sheets which separate the two fluids and in use the tube attachments and tube plates can be subject to severe stress by thermal shock. Therefore, frequent inspection and servicing may be required.
  • a nuclear reactor coolant such as liquid sodium
  • a tube-in-shell heat exchanger the opposed ends of the heat exchange tubes are attached to the wall of a longitudinally extending central tube member, the attachments of the opposed ends of the tubes being arranged in two discrete groups spaced apart along the longitudinal axis of the tube member, and within the tube member there is a demountable tubular baffle which seals against the wall of the tube member between the groups of tube end attachments to define two discrete co-axial flow ducts, the ducts being interconnected at a closed end region of the tube member by the heat exchange tubes.
  • the demountable baffle can be removed to enable insertion of equipment for inspecting the wall of the tube member and tube attachments and to facilitate plugging of defective tubes.
  • the tube member incorporates cylindrical tube sheets in which the ends of the tubes are received. Cylindrical tube sheets are believed to be superior to tube plates for carrying pressure loads and resisting the effects of thermal shock. Because the tensile stress created by pressure in the cylindrical tube sheet is spread over the full wall thickness. the wall may be relatively thin whereas in the flat tube plate normally associated with conventional heat exchangers the more complex stresses created by bending necessitate a relatively thick wall. Some protection against thermal shock for a heat exchanger according to the invention can be effected by arranging that the secondary heat exchange fluid (fluid of least temperature) is on the tube side and by providing a thermal baffle to prevent direct impingement of hot primary fluid onto the cylindrical tube sheets.
  • the secondary heat exchange fluid fluid of least temperature
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 which together present a sectional view.
  • a central thimble shaped tube member 3 to which the ends of the tubes la are attachedv
  • the opposed ends of the tubes 1a are arranged in two discrete groups spaced along the longitudinal axis of the tube member 3 and the tubes are adapted for attachment thereto by cylindrical tube sheets 4 which are incorporated in the tube member; the tubes Ia are bore welded into the tube sheets 4 by the tungsten inert gas process to form crevice free welds.
  • a demountable tubular baffle 5 which seals against the wall of the tube member between the groups of the tube end attachments to define two discrete co-axial coolant flow ducts 6 and 7.
  • the co-axial coolant flow ducts 6 and 7 are interconnected by the heat exchange tubes la.
  • the tubular baffle 5 is double walled to define an argon filled interspace for reducing heat transfer through the baffle and there is a flexible expansible region 5a in the inner wall to prevent distortion of the baffle by differential thermal expansion of the two walls.
  • a cylindrical baffle 8 is provided to prevent direct impingement of primary coolant fluid on the tube member 3 and tube sheets 4 and thereby attentuate thermal shock.
  • primary coolant fluid flows vertically downwardly through the shell 2 over the tube bundle.
  • the secondary fluid flows downwardly through the duct 6 of the baffle 5 thence upwardly through the heat exchange tubes la and the outer duct 7.
  • the heat exchanger is arranged to depend from the roof (designated 9) of the vault of a nuclear reactor construction.
  • the vault contains the reactor core submerged in liquid sodium at approximately 600C and the heat exchanger is immersed in the sodium the level of the sodium being designated L in the drawing.
  • the exchanger has a housing lO (shown in broken line) which has an inlet port 11 formed by a horizontal duct 12 for primary sodium and an outlet port 13 in the base region.
  • An internal plenum 14 for distributing primary fluid flow uniformly around the heat exchanger is bounded by the baffle 8 and a perforated baffle 15.
  • a perforated horizontal grid plate 16 effects a unform flow profile to the tube bundle.
  • a discharge plenum 17 which is arranged to pass some flow into the upper regions of the pool of sodium and the remainder to mix in the lower pool regions.
  • a further grid assembly 18 is provided above the inlet port level to reduce flow turbulence within the plenum 14'. such flow turbulence causes surface disturbance which induces gas entrainment in the sodium.
  • a cylindrical sleeve 19 vertically slidable in the shell is actuated from above the roof of the vault to provide cut-off and coarse flow control by variably obturating the inlet port 11.
  • Heat exchange coils 20 are for use when the reactor has become inoperative to remove decay heat to outside the vault.
  • Inlet and outlet ports 21, 22 for the secondary sodium are located above the roof 9 of the vault.
  • a drain tube 23 extends from the base within the tube member 3 to a drain facility situated between two spaced annular seals 24, 25 which close the upper end of the duct 7.
  • Sodium can be discharged from the tube member 3 by way of the drain tube 23 and drain facility by pressurising the upper regions with argon gas.
  • the tube member 3 has a removable top cover 26 to enable the tubular baffle to be withdrawn into a flask and thus expose the internal wall of the cylindrical tube sheets 4 and the tube ends for inspection and repair by suitable equipment.
  • the inside surface of the tubular member 3 can be visually inspected by television camera or endoscope,
  • c. tube wall thickness can be inspected by eddy current techniques
  • d. tubes can be examined for leakages by temporarily plugging tube ends and checking for depressurisation.
  • e. defective tubes can be closed by plug welding both ends.
  • Such techniques are carried out in an argon/sodium vapour environment at approximately 200C.
  • the heat exchange tubes are of helical form.
  • Exchangers having helically wound tubes have the advantage that a smaller number of tubes are required to achieve the desired heat transfer rate but they have the disadvantage that the secondary fluid flow is subject to high pressure drop.
  • a tube-in-shell heat exchanger comprising.
  • the tube member disposed on the longitudinal axis of the bundle of tubes.
  • the tube member incorporating the spaced tube sheets and having a closed end.
  • a demountable tubular baffle disposed within the tube member and sealed thereto between the tube sheets to define discrete co-axial fluid flow ducts interconnected at the closed end region of the tubular member by the heat exchange tubes.
  • tubular baffle comprises inner and outer spaced walls, the interspace containing argon and the inner wall having a flexible expansible region.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 2 having a cylindrical baffle spaced from and encircling the tube member and tube sheets.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 2 in which the shell has at least one radial inlet port for heat exchange fluid flow and a closure member for the port comprising a cylindrical sleeve slidable along the longitudinal axis of the shell.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 2 having a drain tube extending within the tube member from the closed end to a drain facility in the opposed end region of the tube member.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US456265A 1973-04-16 1974-03-29 Tube-in-shell heat exchangers Expired - Lifetime US3908756A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1831273A GB1447051A (en) 1973-04-16 1973-04-16 Tube-in-shell heat exchangers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3908756A true US3908756A (en) 1975-09-30

Family

ID=10110333

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US456265A Expired - Lifetime US3908756A (en) 1973-04-16 1974-03-29 Tube-in-shell heat exchangers

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3908756A (de)
JP (1) JPS508136A (de)
DE (1) DE2417507A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2225710B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1447051A (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377552A (en) * 1978-12-12 1983-03-22 Novatome Nuclear reactor exchanger
US4585058A (en) * 1982-11-05 1986-04-29 Novatome Heat exchanger having a bundle of straight tubes
US6192904B1 (en) * 1995-03-15 2001-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flexible lance for machining or inspecting a tube bottom of a steam generator
US20040146134A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-07-29 Klarner Richard G. Heat exchanger tube support structure

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2483592A1 (fr) * 1980-06-02 1981-12-04 Stein Industrie Dispositif de reduction des contraintes thermiques sur un echangeur de chaleur
JPS6337497Y2 (de) * 1980-12-08 1988-10-04
CN109540909A (zh) * 2018-12-21 2019-03-29 核动力运行研究所 一种用于蒸汽发生器管板外环廊视频检查导向装置
KR102591599B1 (ko) * 2023-07-05 2023-10-19 이성철 스핀들 모터를 활용한 레이저 드릴의 패턴 생성 속도제어 방법 및 레이저 드릴 장치

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3768554A (en) * 1968-06-10 1973-10-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Steam generator heated with liquid metal

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3768554A (en) * 1968-06-10 1973-10-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Steam generator heated with liquid metal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377552A (en) * 1978-12-12 1983-03-22 Novatome Nuclear reactor exchanger
US4585058A (en) * 1982-11-05 1986-04-29 Novatome Heat exchanger having a bundle of straight tubes
US6192904B1 (en) * 1995-03-15 2001-02-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Flexible lance for machining or inspecting a tube bottom of a steam generator
US20040146134A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-07-29 Klarner Richard G. Heat exchanger tube support structure
US6914955B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2005-07-05 Babcock & Wilcox Canada Ltd. Heat exchanger tube support structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2225710A1 (de) 1974-11-08
FR2225710B1 (de) 1978-01-27
JPS508136A (de) 1975-01-28
DE2417507A1 (de) 1974-10-31
GB1447051A (en) 1976-08-25

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