US3907558A - Manifold imaging utilizing silica gel activating layer - Google Patents

Manifold imaging utilizing silica gel activating layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3907558A
US3907558A US429251A US42925173A US3907558A US 3907558 A US3907558 A US 3907558A US 429251 A US429251 A US 429251A US 42925173 A US42925173 A US 42925173A US 3907558 A US3907558 A US 3907558A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
imaging
activator
gel
donor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US429251A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph M Kropac
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US429251A priority Critical patent/US3907558A/en
Priority to CA212,553A priority patent/CA1025984A/fr
Priority to DE19742452670 priority patent/DE2452670A1/de
Priority to GB50289/74A priority patent/GB1489393A/en
Priority to JP49139415A priority patent/JPS50115038A/ja
Priority to FR7443171A priority patent/FR2256440B3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3907558A publication Critical patent/US3907558A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/08—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using an electrophoto-adhesive process, e.g. manifold imaging

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A manifold imaging method and member is disclosed wherein the imaging layer is activated by a liquid activator which is incorporated in the member by means of a gel layer. By exerting pressure on the imaging member the gel activates the imaging layer for use in the manifold imaging process.
  • This invention relates to the manifold imaging process and more particularly to a novel imaging member and method.
  • an imaging technique generally referred to as the manifold imaging method wherein an imaging member comprising a donor layer, imaging layer and receiver layer is employed.
  • the imaging layer is electrically photosensitive and in one form comprises an electrically photosensitive material such as metal-free phthalocyanine dispersed in an insulating binder.
  • the imaging layer is coated on the donor layer and the coated substrate combined is termed a donor.
  • the imaging layer is activated as by contacting it with a swelling agent, softening agent, solvent or partial solvent for the imaging layer.
  • the imaging layer is typically exposed to an imagewise pattern of light to which it is sensitive and while sandwiched between the donor and receiver layers and subjected to an electric field the imaging layer fractures upon the separation of the donor and receiver layers providing complementary positive and negative images on the donor and receiver layers in accordance with the image to which it was exposed.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a novel imaging member useful in the manifold imaging process.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a method for conveniently and accurately applying an activator to an imaging layer in the manifold imaging method.
  • a manifold imaging member and method whereby liquid activator for the imaging layer is incorporated into the imaging member by means of a gel layer which activates the imaging layer at the appropriate time by applying light pressure to the imaging member.
  • the imaging member of this invention incorporates, in addition to the donor, receiver and imaging layer, a fourth layer which carries the activator in the form of a gel.
  • the activator activates the imaging layer so as to render the imaging layer structurally fracturable in response to the combined effects of an applied electric field and exposure to electromagnetic radiation to which the imaging layer is sensitive.
  • the gel is prepared in accordance with this invention by simply combining the finely divided hydrophobic silica with the liquid activator. The proportion depends upon the nature of the activator and the particular silica employed. In most instances a suitable gel is formed by adding to the activator about 10% to about 20% silica by weight. Typically, suitable gels are formed by combining silica and activator in a wide range concentration depending upon the rigidity desired in the gel. Usually amounts of silica up to about 30% provide gels of sufficient rigidity. Preferably the gel is rigid and holds its shape such that when added to the member it stays in place before and after use. Any suitable liquid activator which forms a gel by the addition of hydrophobic silica can be employed.
  • Typical prior art liquid activators include Sohio Odorless Solvent 3440, an aliphatic (kerosene) hydrocarbon fractions available from the Standard Oil, hydrocarbon paraffin solvents having a boiling point range of from about 350 to 385F, halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon amides and hydrocarbon amines and other hydrocarbons such as decane and dodecane.
  • the liquid activators are desirably purified so as to eliminate any conductive materials or impurities which such commercial products may contain.
  • any suitable hydrophobic finely divided silica can be employed, such silica is commercially available under various tradenames and generally have a particle size in the range of from about 10 to about 30 millimicrons.
  • silicas are Silanox 101 and Organo- Sil available from the Cabot Chemical Company, Boston, Massachusetts and Aerosil R-972 available from Degussa Inc., New York, New York.
  • Other similar gel forming silica products can be employed in accordance with this invention.
  • Hydrophobic silica is a specially prepared product from silicon dioxide, a more complete description is found in US. Pat. No. 3,720,617 to Charterji et al., which patent is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the gel layer is incorporated into the imaging member in any suitable location.
  • the gel layer may be included either under or over the imaging layer.
  • Preferably the gel layer is coated onto the receiver layer before the member is formed. In this way the member can be shipped or stored in the unactivated state yet when in use liquid activator is provided easily and quickly as indicated above.
  • Means for applying pressure can be easily provided as such pressure is usually that which can be easily exerted by hand or by means of a pair of rollers or plates.
  • a pair of rollers if employed to receive the donor and receiver layers in web form which carry the imaging and gel layers.
  • the gel is applied at the imaging site.
  • application is by means of a soft bristle brush, extruder or any other commonly known coating mechanism for applying a gel to a surface.
  • the activator can be employed either before or after the image exposure step of the imaging process.
  • manifold imaging member of the prior art employing liquid activated imaging layers are also useful in the member and process of this invention.
  • typical thermoplastic, metal and paper donor and receiver layers of the prior art are also useful herein.
  • the liquid activator to be employed is chosen so as to effect the desired activation of the imaging layer keeping in mind the electrically photosensitive materials and binders employed therein.
  • One of the major advantages provided by the instant invention is the degree of control and accuracy with which the liquid activator can now be applied to the imaging layer.
  • excess activator is typically removed from the imaging member by squeegee action of a roller prior to exposure of the imaging layer to electromagnetic radiation.
  • FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a photosensitive imaging member of this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side sectional view diagrammatically illustrating the process steps of this invention.
  • imaging layer 2 comprising photosensitive particles 4 dispersed in binder 3, is deposited on an insulating donor substrate sheet 5.
  • the image receiving portion of the manifold set comprises receiver layer 6.
  • gel layer 7 is incorporated between imaging layer 2 and receiver layer 6.
  • layers 5 and 6 are transparent to electromagnetic radiation to which the imaging layer is sensitive and conveniently has electrically conductive outer surfaces.
  • the first step illustrated in the imaging process is the activation step.
  • the manifold set comprising electrically insulating donor layer 17, imaging layer 12, electrically insulating receiver layer 16 and gel layer 19 is passed between rollers 26 which apply a slight presnected to potential source 28 through resistor 30.
  • Electrodes 18 and 28 can take any suitable form for impart ing an electrostatic charge to the layers.
  • One convenient form is a pair of conductive rollers.
  • the manifold set is then advanced to imaging station 27 which it is exposed to light image 29.
  • Light image 29 maybe lightprojected through a transparency or light information projected from an opaque subject. In a continuous operation the light image preferably is projected through a slit so that there is little or no relative motion between the projected image and the manifold set during exposure.
  • a suitably charged imaging layer can be exposed to appropriate radiation before the sandwich is formed. Such a process is fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,393 hereby incorporated by reference.
  • a gel is first prepared by combining two parts of a hydrophobic silica, Aerosil R-972 to 15 parts of Sohio Odorless Solvent 3440 with constant mixing.
  • the gel which is formed is rigid.
  • a black color imaging layer is prepared by first providing the x-form metal-free phthalocyanine as described in Example I of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,707,368. About 2.5 grams of the x form phthalocyanine is added to about 1.2 grams of Algol Yellow GC, 1,2,5,6-di-(C,C-diphenyl) thiazoleanthraquinone, C. I. No. 67300, available from GAF and about 2.8 grams of purified Irgazine 2 BLT available from Geigy Chemical Co.
  • a binder is prepared by first dissolving 3 parts of Polyethylene DYLT, 1.5 parts of Paraflint RG, 0.5 parts of Elvax 420 and 2.5 parts of Piccotex 75 in 20 parts of Sohio Odorless Solvent 3440 by heating the mixture with stirring. The solution is allowed to cool and the resulting paste is added to the milled pigment. The pigment/paste mixture is ball milled for about 16 hours. The milled paste is then placed in a polyethane jar which is heated in a water bath at a temperature of 65C for about 2 hours. The paste is then allowed to cool overnight and slurried in about paste of 2- proxanol.
  • the paste-like mixture is then coated on I mil Mylar (a polyester formed by the condensation reaction between ethylene glycol and tetphthalic acid available from E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Co., Inc.) with a No. 22 wire wound drawdown rod to produce a coating thickness when dried of approximately 8 to 10 microns.
  • the coating and one mil Mylar sheet is then dried in the dark at a temperature of about 43C. for 3 minutes.
  • a receiver sheet of Mylar is placed over the donor. The receiver sheet is lifted up and the imaging layer is coated with the gel as prepared above by a wide camels hair brush saturated with the gel.
  • the receiver sheet is then lowered back down and a hand roller is rolled slowly over the closed manifold sandwich with light pressure to force the solvent out of the gel.
  • the manifold sandwich is placed donor side down on the tin oxide surface of a NESA glass plate and a black paper electrode is placed over the receiver.
  • the electrodes are connected to a 9,000 volt DC. power supply in series with a 5,500 megohm resistor with a NESA glass electrode being the positive electrode and the black opaque electrode being the negative electrode. With the voltage applied, a white incandescent light image is projected upward through the NESA glass with an illumination of an f stop of l l for 0.5 seconds to provide about 0.25 foot candle seconds incident energy.
  • the receiver sheet together with the opaque electrode is peeled from the set with the potential source still connected.
  • the imaging layer fractures in imagewise configuration yielding a pair of images with a suplicate of the original on the donor sheet and a reversal or negative image on the receiver sheet.
  • Example II The procedure of Example I is repeated with the exception that a straight chain hydrocarbon paraffin solvent available under the trade name AEC-n-paraffin solvent, boiling points range 353 to 383F, is employed in place of the Sohio Odorless Solvent. Similar results are obtained.
  • Example Ill The procedure of Example I is repeated with the exception that Silanox 101 is employed in place of the Aerosil R-972. Similar results are obtained.
  • a manifold imaging member comprising a donor layer, receiver layer, an electrically photosensitive imaging layer and an activator layer, the improvement wherein said activator layer is in the form of a gel comprising a finely divided hydrophobic silica and a liquid activator for said imaging layer.
  • silica gel contains finely divided silica having a particle size in the range of from about millimicrons to about 30 millimicrons.
  • a manifold imaging member comprising a donor layer, an electrically photosensitive imaging layer residing on said donor layer, an activator layer residing on said imaging layer and a receiver layer over said activator layer, the improvement wherein said activator layer comprises a mixture of finely divided hydrophobic silica and a liquid activator for said imaging layer.
  • An imaging process which comprises the steps of:

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US429251A 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Manifold imaging utilizing silica gel activating layer Expired - Lifetime US3907558A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429251A US3907558A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Manifold imaging utilizing silica gel activating layer
CA212,553A CA1025984A (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-10-29 Procede de formation d'images
DE19742452670 DE2452670A1 (de) 1973-12-28 1974-11-06 Abbildungselement und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
GB50289/74A GB1489393A (en) 1973-12-28 1974-11-20 Photoconductive imaging member and an imaging process
JP49139415A JPS50115038A (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-12-03
FR7443171A FR2256440B3 (fr) 1973-12-28 1974-12-27

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US429251A US3907558A (en) 1973-12-28 1973-12-28 Manifold imaging utilizing silica gel activating layer

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US3907558A true US3907558A (en) 1975-09-23

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US (1) US3907558A (fr)
JP (1) JPS50115038A (fr)
CA (1) CA1025984A (fr)
DE (1) DE2452670A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2256440B3 (fr)
GB (1) GB1489393A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026702A (en) * 1974-11-28 1977-05-31 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Photoconductive element having a layer including a photoconductive cadmium compound and hydrophobic colloidal silica

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111407A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-11-19 Ibm Methods for making record materials
US3303043A (en) * 1962-06-09 1967-02-07 Merck Ag E Chromatoplate for use in thin layer chromatography
US3393155A (en) * 1964-02-28 1968-07-16 Degussa Predominantly aqueous compositions in a fluffy powdery form approximating powdered solids behavior and process for forming same
US3598581A (en) * 1967-04-03 1971-08-10 Xerox Corp Manifold imaging method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3111407A (en) * 1960-02-26 1963-11-19 Ibm Methods for making record materials
US3303043A (en) * 1962-06-09 1967-02-07 Merck Ag E Chromatoplate for use in thin layer chromatography
US3393155A (en) * 1964-02-28 1968-07-16 Degussa Predominantly aqueous compositions in a fluffy powdery form approximating powdered solids behavior and process for forming same
US3598581A (en) * 1967-04-03 1971-08-10 Xerox Corp Manifold imaging method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4026702A (en) * 1974-11-28 1977-05-31 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Photoconductive element having a layer including a photoconductive cadmium compound and hydrophobic colloidal silica

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2256440A1 (fr) 1975-07-25
GB1489393A (en) 1977-10-19
JPS50115038A (fr) 1975-09-09
CA1025984A (fr) 1978-02-07
DE2452670A1 (de) 1975-07-10
FR2256440B3 (fr) 1977-09-23

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