US3906438A - System for monitoring traffic conditions in connection with the control thereof - Google Patents

System for monitoring traffic conditions in connection with the control thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
US3906438A
US3906438A US332258A US33225873A US3906438A US 3906438 A US3906438 A US 3906438A US 332258 A US332258 A US 332258A US 33225873 A US33225873 A US 33225873A US 3906438 A US3906438 A US 3906438A
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value
forming device
mean
supplied
output
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Dietrich Kohnert
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a system for use in de picting and controlling traffic operations on streets utilizing at least two traffic lanes which are free from traffie in the opposite direction, such as highways, and from which desired indications and control of traffic may be effected, with each traffic lane being monitored by a traffic detector at least at one common monitoring or measuring location.
  • traffic continually increases in density, even on highways, traffic surveilance and monitoring, similar in manner to that utilized in cities becomes of greater and greater importance, particularly in connection with possible control by means of speed indicators and other devices.
  • the invention is directed to the production of a system for monitoring traffic on streets where at least two traffic lanes are free from traffic in the opposing direction, preferably a highway, which is simple in construction and does not contain the above referred to disadvantages, and which will make accurate reflections of the traffic flow on the highway.
  • Means are provided for determining the mean value of such intervals and also the mean value of an additional representative magnitude such as the difference between a first monitored interval and a newly monitored interval, preferably modifying such additional value, for example by squaring the same, prior to deriving the mean value thereof and with the employment of associated memories for each traffic detector, and a difference-forming device. the contents of such memories along with the associated memories of other traffic detectors.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a section of a roadway and associated traffic detectors
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a system embodying the present invention with, however, circuit details individual to the respective traffic detectors being illustrated only for traffic detector 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a chart illustrating changes in traffic distribution
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the favorable operational range of the system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a section SA of a highway, comprising two traffic lanes, FI and F2, having a single traffic direction as illustrated by the arrow P.
  • Two monitoring locations A, B are employed, provided with traffic detectors 1-4, detectors 1 and 3 being associated with lane F1 and detectors 2 and 4 being associated with lane F2, with the distance between the locations A and B being approximately 500 to 1,000 meters.
  • the four traffic detectors 14, in conjunction with the circuit shown in FIG. 2, permit the monitoring of the traffic conditions along the section SA, by means of which suitable indicator" and control means may be adjusted or controlled.
  • FIG. 1 also illustrates a stationery obstruction Hi which is positioned on the right side of traffic lane FI.
  • FIG. 2 primarily illustrates the circuitry associated with the single detector 1, and as hereafter discussed in greater detail like circuitry is provided for the remaining detectors.
  • a vehicle impulse will be produced, which will be conducted to a measuring device M, and which in turn controls a timing generator ZG.
  • the latter is operative to produce impulses, for example of 20 m/sec, and delivers them to a time measuring unit ZM, which may be in the form of a counter, and will count the number of impulses from generator ZG, following triggering of the device M by the vehicle, until another vehicle occupies the detector 1.
  • the time measuring device ZM Upon the receipt of the new vehicle impulse at the measuring device M, the time measuring device ZM will be reset, over the timing generator ZG, to zero and the time total of the counter ZM will be si multaneously conducted to a mean value forming device MWI.
  • the signal thus transmitted to the device MWI represents the time duration of the interval between two vehicles.
  • a suitable time control tm may be provided in connection with the time generator ZG. to provide an impulse after a predetermined time in the event no vehicle impulses have been received within the specified time period.
  • the measuring device M, timing generator ZG, measuring device ZM and timing control t m may collectively be termed the measuring system.”
  • the respective time intervals, arriving successively, are averaged in the mean value forming device MWI and the results are stored in memories, comprising respective registers RI and R2, after the arrival of each new time interval, for further evaluation.
  • difference-forming means is provided in the mean value forming device MWl, which will initially form the difference between the old mean value Za of a time interval and the new time interval Zn.
  • This difference (Zn Za) is then multiplied by a factor a 1 by means of a product generator associated with the meanforming device MWl whereby the mean value Zn at the output of the latter is equal to Za a 1 (Zn Za), and is added to the contents of registers R1 and R2 for storage, whereby the register R1 stores the value Za and the register R2 stores the value Zn.
  • the difference (Zn Za) is conducted to modifying means comprising a productforming device PBl, which is illustrated as being in the form of a squaring device, whereby there appears at the output thereof the value (Zn Za) which represents the difference value Sn.
  • the output of the squaring device PBl is supplied to a second mean-forming device MW2 which operates in the same manner as the device MWl, but as will be apparent from the circuit, operates with the factor a 2.
  • the results thereof are stored in the respective registers R3 and R4, with the register R3 storing the last or preceeding mean value Sa while the register R4 stores the new or latest mean value Sn.
  • the contents of the registers R2 and R4 are supplied to a product-forming device PB2 operable under the control of a timing generator TG, which provides an interrogation impulse, for example, every 60 seconds.
  • a product a is formed by the described circuitry from the mean time interval Zn and the mean time difference Sn for the detector 1, under the control of the timing generator TO.
  • the circuitry, thus far described with respect to the detector 1 is duplicated for each of the other detectors 2-4 whereby similar products will be produced for each of the other detectors.
  • the product a, from the product-forming device PB2 is conducted to a quotientforming device QB, the other input of which receives the product a from the corresponding product forming device PB2, associated with the circuit of the detector 2.
  • the quotient values Kn are supplied to a third mean value forming device MW3, which device is similarly constructed to the devices MWl and MW2 and thus provides a mean value Kn (A) of the quotients Kn of the measuring values received from the detectors 1 and 2 at each interrogation impulse from the monitoring location A.
  • the mean value Kn (A) is conducted to a difference-forming device DB1 and to a register R5, which is operable to store the previous quotient Ka.
  • the mean value Kn (B) of the quotient Kn, derived from the detectors 3 and 4, at the monitoring location B, will be derived from a corresponding mean value forming device and associated circuitry.
  • the product-forming device PB2, quotient-forming device QB, means value forming device MW3 and associated circuitry thus form linking means for memories R2 and R4 as well as linking means (at a; of QB and Kn( B) at DB1 for detectors 3 and 4 from monitoring location B with detectors 1 and 2 from monitoring location A.
  • the difference of the quotients Kn (A);Kn (B) is formed every seconds and is supplied to an evalu ation system AW.
  • this difference thus is an evaluatable magnitude, representative of the obstructed condition of the traffic path SA. No obstacle is present in the case of a different zero value, whereby each deviation from the zero value serves as a measure or evaluation of the obstruction.
  • a difference of the quotients (Kn Ku) of a monitoring location A (or, of course, of other monitoring locations such as B) can be formed for each individual measuring loctions such as A, between two or several successive interrogation intervals, for example, by a second difference forming device DB2, and thus conclusions may be obtained with respect to the measurement of the time change of the obstruction.
  • the first differences are taken into account accordingly, with respect to space and location.
  • IK K O Time constancy The following is applicable for moving obstructions:
  • IK K O obstruction Diagrams of the frequency distribution H of the time gaps are illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • the solid line C repre sents the traffic flow of a given strength in the normal case, and the dotted line C the same traffic flow in the case of an obstruction.
  • the true characteristic values namely the mean value i(as the mean value of the time interval) and the variation or dispersion (as a measure or evaluation for the dispersion of the time in terval), change substantially according to the values 2' or S respectively.
  • the surfaces F or F are equally large in the case of an equal number of observed vehicles.
  • the nature of the shifting of the surfaces F or F, respec tively, is clearly defined by the magn itudes7and S or Z and S respectively, whereby or S represents the concentration of the surface upon the abscissa.
  • FIG. 4 the extent of obstruction K upon a highway is illustrated in FIG. 4, wherein a distinction is made between areas with no traffic jam (not hatched) and the area where ajam is produced (cross-hatched). It will be noted therefrom that with the obstruction K for the area with nojam (not hatched), good measuring results are achieved with the aboved mentioned system. If, however, a traffic jam (cross-hatched area) occurs, the magnitude K will only supply valuable results up to a certain boundary value KG. In such case the loop occupation B can be introduced as an additional criteria, which will enable the achievement of a continuous supervision for all possible traffic conditions, including that involving the obstruction K.
  • timing means operatively connected with said measuring system, operable to simulate a vehicle by providing an impulse if time intervals of a certain magnitude are exceeded.
  • said com parison means comprises a quotient-forming device to which said representative values are supplied.
  • a system comprising in further combination a further memory for storing the output values of said further mean value forming device, further comparison means to which the output of said further memory is supplied, along with a similar output from another monitoring location, the output of such further comparison means providing an evaluatable output magnitude.
  • said further comparison means comprises a difference-forming means, the output of which supplies an evaluatable output magnitude.
  • said valueforming means for each vehicle detector includes means, to which are supplied other magnitudes differ ent from said first-mentioned magnitudes, but also representative of time intervals between respective vehicles at the associated detector, operative to modify such second magnitudes to form second corresponding representative values, a second mean value forming device to which said last-mentioned representative values are supplied, a second memory for storing successive mean values derived from said second means forming device, and linking means for effecting a predetermined comparison function between mean values in said second memory with the mean interval values stored in said first memory of the associated detector, the output magnitude of said last-mentioned means comprising the output of said value-forming means and supplied to said comparison means as the representative value of such detector, which is to be compared with a corresponding value from another one of said detector.
  • linking means comprises a product-forming device.
  • said modifying means comprises a product forming device operative to form the square of such other representative magnitudes.
  • said modifying means comprises a product-forming device operative to form the square of such other representative magnitudes.
  • said first means value forming device is operable to also provide the difference value between a newly received interval magnitude and the mean value of the immediately previous interval, which difference value is modified by said modifying means and forms said second representative corresponding magnitude and which is supplied to said second mean value forming device
  • the linking means between the respective memories therefor and said comparison means including a productforming device to which the output values of such memories are supplied
  • said comparison means comprising a quotient-forming device to which the output value of said product-forming device is supplied, and to which is also supplied the output value derived from another of said detectors, the output value of such quotient-forming device being supplied to a further mean value forming device, the output value of which is supplied to one input of further comparison device means, the other input of which is connected by further linking means to memories associated with a plurality of other detectors.
  • timing means operatively connected with said measuring system, operable to simulate a vehicle by providing an impulse if time intervals of a certain magnitude are exceeded.
  • each of the mean-forming devices associated with the mean interval magnitude and the mean difference value has operatively connected thereto means for altering the associated difference value, between a new magnitude and the previous value, by a predetermined factor, the factors for the respective mean-forming devices having different values.
  • said modifying means comprises a product-forming device operative to form the square of such other representative magnitudes.
  • a system according to claim 18, wherein said difference forming device is operable to evaluate at predetermined times, the contents of memories of a monitoring location, and operatively connected with at least two associated traffic detectors.
  • a system according to claim 18, wherein said difference forming device is operable to evaluate the contents of memories of two monitoring locations which can be simultaneously supplied, under control of the timing means, and operatively connected with at least two associated traffic detectors.
  • said modifying means comprises a product-forming device operative to form the square of such other representative magnitudes.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
US332258A 1972-02-17 1973-02-14 System for monitoring traffic conditions in connection with the control thereof Expired - Lifetime US3906438A (en)

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DE2207487A DE2207487C3 (de) 1972-02-17 1972-02-17 Einrichtung zum Erfassen und Steuern des Verkehrsablaufs auf Straßen

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AT (1) AT338146B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE795561A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2207487C3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2172413B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1419563A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT986045B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL7301955A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ZA (1) ZA73974B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370718A (en) * 1979-02-06 1983-01-25 Chasek Norman E Responsive traffic light control system and method based on conservation of aggregate momentum
US5164904A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-11-17 Farradyne Systems, Inc. In-vehicle traffic congestion information system
US5173691A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-12-22 Farradyne Systems, Inc. Data fusion process for an in-vehicle traffic congestion information system
US5182555A (en) * 1990-07-26 1993-01-26 Farradyne Systems, Inc. Cell messaging process for an in-vehicle traffic congestion information system
EP0470268A4 (en) * 1990-02-26 1993-03-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd Traffic flow change system
US20050248469A1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2005-11-10 Dekock Bruce W System for providing traffic information
US20060074546A1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2006-04-06 Dekock Bruce W System for providing traffic information
US7908080B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2011-03-15 Google Inc. Transportation routing
CN112216137A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-12 山东科技大学 一种车用道路指示标志识别系统与方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10146398A1 (de) 2001-09-20 2003-04-17 Siemens Ag System zum Steuern von Lichtsignalgebern an Kreuzungen

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US3241109A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-03-15 Lab For Electronics Inc Traffic actuated control system
US3416130A (en) * 1965-11-01 1968-12-10 Lab For Electronics Inc Traffic actuated control system
US3466599A (en) * 1966-10-12 1969-09-09 Bliss Co Traffic controller having improved time waiting-gap reduction circuit
US3501763A (en) * 1967-01-13 1970-03-17 Fabrication D Instr De Mesure Method of measuring the spacing of two moving vehicles and a device for the performance thereof,and their application to the evaluation of the traffic density of vehicles
US3506808A (en) * 1967-03-24 1970-04-14 Bliss Co Volume-occupancy control of traffic flow
US3613074A (en) * 1969-06-19 1971-10-12 Gulf & Western Industries Gap reduction through use of detectors
US3710081A (en) * 1971-06-14 1973-01-09 Tamar Electronics Ind System for computing the average of successive traffic measurements

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FR1577461A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1968-05-27 1969-08-08
FR2029236A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * 1969-01-20 1970-10-16 Automatisme Cie Gle

Patent Citations (8)

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US3234505A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-02-08 Lab For Electronics Inc Traffic control system of the actuated type with improved time control
US3241109A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-03-15 Lab For Electronics Inc Traffic actuated control system
US3416130A (en) * 1965-11-01 1968-12-10 Lab For Electronics Inc Traffic actuated control system
US3466599A (en) * 1966-10-12 1969-09-09 Bliss Co Traffic controller having improved time waiting-gap reduction circuit
US3501763A (en) * 1967-01-13 1970-03-17 Fabrication D Instr De Mesure Method of measuring the spacing of two moving vehicles and a device for the performance thereof,and their application to the evaluation of the traffic density of vehicles
US3506808A (en) * 1967-03-24 1970-04-14 Bliss Co Volume-occupancy control of traffic flow
US3613074A (en) * 1969-06-19 1971-10-12 Gulf & Western Industries Gap reduction through use of detectors
US3710081A (en) * 1971-06-14 1973-01-09 Tamar Electronics Ind System for computing the average of successive traffic measurements

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4370718A (en) * 1979-02-06 1983-01-25 Chasek Norman E Responsive traffic light control system and method based on conservation of aggregate momentum
EP0470268A4 (en) * 1990-02-26 1993-03-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd Traffic flow change system
US5281964A (en) * 1990-02-26 1994-01-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Traffic flow change monitoring system
EP0825578A1 (en) * 1990-02-26 1998-02-25 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Traffic flow change monitoring system
US5164904A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-11-17 Farradyne Systems, Inc. In-vehicle traffic congestion information system
US5173691A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-12-22 Farradyne Systems, Inc. Data fusion process for an in-vehicle traffic congestion information system
US5182555A (en) * 1990-07-26 1993-01-26 Farradyne Systems, Inc. Cell messaging process for an in-vehicle traffic congestion information system
US20060074546A1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2006-04-06 Dekock Bruce W System for providing traffic information
US20050248469A1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2005-11-10 Dekock Bruce W System for providing traffic information
US7908080B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2011-03-15 Google Inc. Transportation routing
US8606514B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2013-12-10 Google Inc. Transportation routing
US8798917B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2014-08-05 Google Inc. Transportation routing
US9709415B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2017-07-18 Google Inc. Transportation routing
US9778055B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2017-10-03 Google Inc. Transportation routing
US9945686B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2018-04-17 Google Llc Transportation routing
US11092455B2 (en) 2004-12-31 2021-08-17 Google Llc Transportation routing
CN112216137A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-12 山东科技大学 一种车用道路指示标志识别系统与方法

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NL7301955A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-08-21
GB1419563A (en) 1975-12-31
IT986045B (it) 1975-01-10
ZA73974B (en) 1975-01-29
ATA74673A (de) 1976-11-15
FR2172413A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-09-28
DE2207487C3 (de) 1974-10-31
AT338146B (de) 1977-07-25
DE2207487B2 (de) 1974-03-21
DE2207487A1 (de) 1973-09-06
BE795561A (fr) 1973-08-16
FR2172413B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-03-10

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